Abstract: One of major socio-economic concerns in Albania is youth emigration. This phenomenon has long term consequences for the labour market, for the innovation potential and for the demographic balance of Albania, that are considered very important in different ways. This study investigates the main factors influencing the intent of young adults in the age of 18 - 35 years old to emigrate, by also examining the costs perceived by them and the possible policy approaches. For the aim of this study, we have conducted research that combines quantitative and qualitative data. Through a survey of 736 respondents, through 20 semi structured interviews and two focus groups we have gathered data and developed a quantitative analysis that includes descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and a regression model with a specific focus on key factors such as economic conditions, trust in institutions, skill inequality, and networks of migrants. The findings of this analysis suggest that the increased migration intentions are strongly connected to high levels of unemployment, low incomes expectation, and perceptions of corruption. Contrary to these suggestions, an increased trust in public institutions and optimistic views about opportunities for career progress in Albania, tend to decrease the probability of leaving intentions. The networks of migrants, by making the process of moving abroad more accessible through uncertainty and information barriers reduction also play an important role in this process. These findings are supported by the qualitative results, through revealing a broader sense of dissatisfaction by the government, limited opportunities for professional development, and a strong attraction toward systems of evaluations based on merit in EU countries. The results of this study indicate that the decisions to migrate are influenced by a combination of factors such as the economic pressures, institutional challenges and personal aspirations, rather than by a single factor. Considering the results of the analysis, this study suggests that there is a need for policies that improve labour market opportunities, strengthen governance, support youth entrepreneurship, and promote forms of circular migration instead of permanent outflows. These findings together, emphasize the importance of coordinated and long-term strategies to reduce the ongoing drain of young talents in Albania.

Keywords: The push–pull model, human capital theory, skills mismatch, diaspora networks, youth unemployment

Pages: 508-518