Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is a key driver of scientific and technological innovation worldwide. Universities and research institutes play a central role in developing AI human resources, conducting research, and deploying applications, yet empirical evidence on organizational determinants of AI capability in developing economies remains scarce. This study examines AI capability in Vietnamese universities and research institutes using survey data from 126 units and quantitative techniques, including reliability analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis, and multiple linear regression. The findings show that AI-related organizational resources, particularly infrastructure and financial investment, are the strongest predictors of AI capability. Collaboration with enterprises also has a positive and statistically significant effect, whereas strategic orientation toward AI exerts a positive but weaker influence. The model explains approximately 41% of the variance in institutional AI capability. These results provide evidence-based implications for policymakers and institutional leaders seeking to strengthen AI capability in Vietnam’s higher education and research system.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence Capabilities, Higher Education, Institutes, Organizational Resources, Corporate Cooperation, Developing Economy, Vietnam

Pages: 1048-1058