WSEAS Transactions on Systems
Print ISSN: 1109-2777, E-ISSN: 2224-2678
Volume 24, 2025
Doppler Resilient Underwater Acoustic Communication using Stretchable Symbols with Multiple Sequences
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Abstract: Reliable underwater acoustic communication is demanded for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs). Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) is tolerant of ambient noise and multipath interference, however it is sensitive to Doppler shift. We propose a new digital modulation and demodulation scheme called stretchable symbols with multiple sequences (SSMS) that the variable FFT window timing can deal with signal expansion or contraction within a communication frame due to non-uniform Doppler shifts. The key idea is to demodulate by FFT-based cross-correlation, where the position of the FFT window can be changed in response to signal expansion and contraction. The comparison of the proposed and conventional methods in experiments and simulations is reported in the evaluation.
Keywords:
Underwater acoustic communication, Doppler shift, Direct-sequence spread spectrum, Cross correlation, Cross-ambiguity function, Resampling
Pages: 548-555
DOI: 10.37394/23202.2025.24.48