Systematic Literature Review on Tourism Village in Indonesia
AKHMAD YUNANI1, YUHANA ASTUTI2, TARANDHIKA TANTRA2, EVA NURHAZIZAH2,
MAHIR PRADANA1, MARHENI EKA SAPUTRI1, MOKHTARRUDIN AHMAD3,
AZNUL FAZRIN BIN ABU SUJAK3
1Department of Business Administration,
Telkom University,
Jalan Terusan Buah Batu, Bandung 40257,
INDONESIA
2Department of Leisure Management,
Telkom University,
Jalan Terusan Buah Batu, Bandung 40257,
INDONESIA
3Faculty of Applied Communication,
Multimedia University,
Persiaran Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63100,
MALAYSIA
Abstract: - Tourism villages, also known as "Desa Wisata" in Indonesia, are emerging as a form of tourism
development that promotes local culture and heritage. These villages offer visitors a complete rural experience
and contribute to the economic growth of rural areas. However, challenges such as low wages and unfavorable
working conditions exist. This research assesses the readiness of local communities for tourism village
development and evaluates its effectiveness. By applying bibliometric analysis, the study explores the trends
and clusters in tourism village research. The findings provide insights for stakeholders to promote national
development and address regional disparities in Indonesia.
Key-Words: - Tourism Village; Rural Tourism; Bibliometric, Indonesian Tourism; Systematic Literature
Review; Bibliometrics.
Received: May 23, 2023. Revised: November 11, 2023. Accepted: December 15, 2023. Published: January 8, 2024.
1 Introduction
The tourism industry is a significant contributor to
Indonesia's foreign exchange earnings. According to
BPS data in 2018, the tourism sector generated
approximately US$ 16,426 billion in foreign
exchange, primarily from spending by international
tourists. This influx of foreign currency has a
substantial multiplier effect, creating job
opportunities and stimulating the local economy,
[1].
The development of tourism villages, known as
"Desa Wisata" in Indonesia, has played a role in the
advancement of rural areas. These villages have
emerged due to supportive regulations implemented
by local authorities. Desa Wisata offers visitors a
complete rural experience, including cultural
traditions, natural attractions, and unique elements
which attract both local and international tourists,
[2]. Tourist villages possess distinctive
characteristics that entice visitors seeking to acquire
new knowledge, understanding, and skills. Tourism
is interconnected with various sectors such as
transportation, the arts industry, housing, tourist
attraction services, and micro, small, and medium
enterprises (MSMEs). Desa Wisata has a significant
economic impact on local communities, as rural
residents actively participate in the development of
these tourist villages. The concept of a Tourism
Village places the community as the main driver of
tourism development in the village, [2].
Tourism villages are a form of tourism
development that offers products with cultural value
and strong traditional characteristics, [2]. Ideally, a
tourism town should be constructed around the
area's natural resources, therefore empowering the
local populace, [2]. In actuality, though, the goals of
the local community are not always met by the
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on SYSTEMS
DOI: 10.37394/23202.2024.23.6
Akhmad Yunani, Yuhana Astuti,
Tarandhika Tantra, Eva Nurhazizah,
Mahir Pradana, Marheni Eka Saputri,
Mokhtarrudin Ahmad, Aznul Fazrin Bin Abu Sujak
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manner these tourism communities are developing
today. Typical difficulties include inadequate pay
and unpleasant working environment, [3].
Despite these challenges, tourism villages hold
the potential to increase the income of residents and
contribute to establishing the image of a religious
tourist destination within the tourism industry, [3],
[4]. Successful tourism village development requires
effective management, taking into consideration
important aspects such as language education and
local potential, [3], [5]. This paper aims to assess the
readiness of local communities for tourism village
development and evaluate the effectiveness of
village development, [6], [7].
Therefore, this research provides valuable
insights into tourism villages within the Indonesian
context and highlights the trends, scales, and
research clusters that have emerged from previous
studies. This understanding serves as a strategic tool
for stakeholders involved in tourism villages,
enabling them to promote national development by
addressing developmental vulnerabilities and
disparities across different regions of Indonesia.
This research presents a methodological approach;
namely a bibliometric analysis that describes the
trend of tourism villages in Indonesia.
2 Literature Review
Tourism villages are gaining popularity as a means
of promoting local culture and heritage.
Additionally, the utilization of local wisdom and
community empowerment in the development of
tourism villages shows promise in fostering
economic growth and shared prosperity, [8]. In
general, the development of tourism villages
necessitates a holistic approach that considers
various dimensions and factors, including local
culture, economic advancement, and environmental
sustainability.
The technique of employing quantitative tools
with bibliographic data is known as "bibliometric
analysis", [9]. Bibliometric studies are well-
established in numerous scientific fields, including
management, [10]. Researchers can now handle
large volumes of bibliographic data without
succumbing to biases, [11]. Through the
measurement and statistical analysis of books and
other literary works, bibliometrics seeks to follow
the nature and direction of development and
describe the process of textual communication by
examining a variety of communication-related
elements, [12]. One may learn more about the
functioning of written communication and its
evolution within a particular subject by using
bibliometrics, [13].
Data on tourist villages and associated subjects
were gathered for this study from worldwide
journals that were found in the Google Scholar
database. The data was collected from publications
using the keyword "Tourism Village" in their titles
that were published between 2020 and 2023.
3 Methodology
The research on tourism villages that were
published in 2020–2023 is examined in this study.
The data indicates that while research in tourism
villages has varied over time, it peaked in 2021.
However, there was a notable decline in the quantity
of articles regarding tourism villages between 2022
and 2023 (Table 1).
Table 1. Number Of Paper (2020-2023)
Year
Number of Paper
2020
53
2021
73
2022
53
2023
21
Total
200
The papers that have been evaluated are also
arranged based on the writers who have written on
tourism villages in the past three years; Table 2 lists
the top two authors along with the titles of their
articles.
Table 2. Top Authors
Author
Paper Title
G.
Prayitno
Community decision making
based on social capital during
COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence
from Bangelan Village tourism,
Indonesia
The Influence Of Social Capital
In Improving The Quality Of
Life Of The Community In
Sidomulyo Tourism Village,
Indonesia.
I. Wijaya
Implementation of community-
based ecotourism concept in
Paksebali Tourism Village, Bali
Indonesia
Local and Sustainable Potential
Approaches in the Design of a
Master Plan Architecture: Case
Study of Paksebali Tourism
Village Development, Indonesia
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DOI: 10.37394/23202.2024.23.6
Akhmad Yunani, Yuhana Astuti,
Tarandhika Tantra, Eva Nurhazizah,
Mahir Pradana, Marheni Eka Saputri,
Mokhtarrudin Ahmad, Aznul Fazrin Bin Abu Sujak
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According to Table 2, certain writers stand out
as having produced the greatest number of papers
between 2020 and 2023—two—while the remaining
authors have only written one. Table 3, which shows
the top ranking of referred article titles from the
time of publication to the writing of this manuscript,
reveals that the majority of citations are from
articles published in 2017.
Table 3. Top Citations
Citation
First Author
Titles
Year
Journal
85
S. Purnomo
Empowerment
model for
sustainable tourism
village in an
emerging country
2020
Journal of
Asian
Finance
85
H. Tucker
The ideal village:
interactions through
tourism in Central
Anatolia
2021
Tourists and
Tourism
54
A. Arintoko
Community-based
tourism village
development
strategies: A case of
Borobudur Tourism
Village area,
Indonesia
2020
Geo Journal
of Tourism
and Geosites
48
S. Priatmoko
Rethinking
sustainable
community-based
tourism: A villager's
point of view and
case study in
Pampang Village,
Indonesia
2021
Sustainability
36
M.
Simanjuntak
Designing of
service-dominant
logic and business
model canvas:
Narrative study of
village tourism
2021
Golden Ratio
of Marketing
and Applied
Psychology
of Business
34
R. Ramadhani
E-Marketing of
village tourism
development
strategy (Case study
in the tourist village
Puncak Sosok)
2021
Journal of
Robotics and
Control
32
A.
Sangchumnong
Sustainable cultural
heritage tourism at
Ban Wangka Village,
Thailand
2020
Culture and
Cultures in
Tourism
31
N. Sharma
Consumer
engagement in
village eco-tourism:
A case of the
cleanest village in
Asia–Mawlynnong
2021
Consumer
Behaviour in
Hospitality
and Tourism
30
N. Ćurčić
The role of rural
tourism in
strengthening the
sustainability of rural
areas: The case of
Zlakusa village
2021
Sustainability
29
K. Shen
Chinese traditional
village residents'
behavioral intention
to support tourism:
An extended model
of the theory of
planned behavior
2021
Tourism
Review
The Table 3 shows the ratings for the most
citations. The 2020 paper by Purnomo et al., which
was published in the Journal of Asian Finance, is
presently (2023) at the top with 85 citations.
4 Result and Discussion
This section employs graphic visual mapping to
explore the findings of the meta-analysis conducted
on studies related to tourism villages. The mapping
technique focuses on identifying significant or
distinctive terms that appeared in multiple articles
through co-occurrence analysis based on keyword
mapping findings. It is feasible to identify the
dynamics, dependencies, and interactions between
various knowledge and configuration items by
mapping these elements.
Fig 1: Network analysis
A bibliometric technique called "science
mapping" is used to graphically depict a scientific
field. It entails drawing a landscape map that
accurately represents the theories and notions found
in that discipline, [14]. The co-word map network
visualization for the tourism village topic is shown
in Figure 1. This graphic illustrates the connections
between different words. It's crucial to remember
that these associations could not accurately reflect
the articles' whole contents because they are based
just on the titles and keywords of the articles.
Figure 1 displays several frequently occurring
terms in publications related to tourism villages over
the past three years. These terms are shown along
with their relationships to other keywords,
organized into three major clusters. These clusters
are as follows:
Cluster 1 (28 Items, red color): Beginning,
Challenge, City, Community, Economy,
Effort, Environment, Field, Growth, Halal
Tourism Village, Idea, Impact, Indonesia,
Attribute, Opportunity, Point, Promotion,
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Akhmad Yunani, Yuhana Astuti,
Tarandhika Tantra, Eva Nurhazizah,
Mahir Pradana, Marheni Eka Saputri,
Mokhtarrudin Ahmad, Aznul Fazrin Bin Abu Sujak
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Role, Society, Strategy, Tourism Business,
Tourism Object, Tourism Village
Development, Tourism Village
Development Strategy, Tourism Village
Manager, Village Community, Village
Government, Woman.
Cluster 2 (10 Items, green color): Activity,
Area, Attribute, Covid, Effect, Element,
Existence, Factor, Government, Homestay,
Importance, Information System,
Management, Model, Perspective, Potential,
Program, Social Capital, Sustainability,
Tourism Activity, Tourism Community,
Tourism Product, Tourism Village
Community, Tourism Village Management,
Tourist Village, Village Tourism, Way.
Cluster 3 (9 Items, blue color): Attraction,
Attractiveness, Best Tourism Village,
Concept, Creative Economy, Cultural
Tourism, Development Strategy, Form,
Identification, Implementation,
Infrastructure, Innovation, Local
Community, Local Wisdom, Ministry,
Order, Person, Quality, Sustainable
Tourism, Term, Tourism Development,
Tourism Management, Tourism Potential,
Tourism Village Policy, Tourist.
The three previously generated clusters are
represented by the colored circles that group the
keywords. This data aids in ascertaining the words'
historical pattern. Several keywords that are often
used in the study's target article are found using
bibliometric analysis. Each circle becomes bigger
the more keywords that are found.
The correlation between keywords indicates
their close interconnectedness. The image provided
demonstrates that "tourism village" has a significant
impact across multiple sectors. In Cluster 1 (red
color), which represents the core theme, terms such
as challenges, community, economy, tourism
business, and village development are prominent.
This cluster focuses on the difficulties and strategies
related to the development of tourism villages,
including the community's role, economic growth,
and promotional efforts.
Cluster 2 (green color) concentrates on elements
such as activity, management, government
involvement, and sustainability. It also considers the
influence of factors like COVID-19 on tourism
activities and the significance of information
systems in managing tourism villages. Cluster 3
(blue color) highlights the appeal of tourism
villages, cultural tourism, sustainable practices, and
infrastructure development. It also emphasizes the
involvement of the local community, government,
and innovative approaches in shaping tourism
villages.
We demonstrate overlay analysis in addition to
network analysis. Research history traces will be
displayed using overlay visualization. The year's
description and the link between the themes are
displayed. Figure 2 illustrates how much research
was done on tourism villages prior to 2022 and how
it has steadily declined since then.
Fig. 2: Overlay analysis
Finally, we show the density visualization,
which sheds light on the study group's priorities,
[15]. We can find comparatively unexplored study
areas by using density analysis. Density
visualization comes in two varieties. The first kind
is item density visualization. This artwork uses a
color spectrum that runs from yellow to blue. A
subject under investigation is indicated by a stronger
and more concentrated yellow color (Figure 3a). On
the other hand, a bluer hue indicates a lower density
and less focus on the topic. The second type is
called cluster density visualization, and it is similar
to item density visualization. However, in this type
of representation, the color of a point depends on
how many nearby objects are in that specific cluster,
[16].
(a)
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Akhmad Yunani, Yuhana Astuti,
Tarandhika Tantra, Eva Nurhazizah,
Mahir Pradana, Marheni Eka Saputri,
Mokhtarrudin Ahmad, Aznul Fazrin Bin Abu Sujak
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(b)
Fig. 3: (a) Item density; (b) Cluster density
5 Conclusion
This research shows that the development of
tourism villages in Indonesia has the potential to
promote local culture and increase the economic
growth of rural areas. This study has shown that
many academic publications have focused on
optimizing the development of tourism villages.
Despite challenges such as low wages and
unfavorable working conditions, an effective
approach to management and empowerment of local
communities can optimize the positive impact of
tourism village development. The bibliometric
analysis reveals research trends and clusters in
tourism villages, which provide valuable insights for
stakeholders in advancing national development and
overcoming regional disparities in Indonesia. In this
context, related parties need to consider aspects of
local culture, economic progress, and environmental
sustainability in developing tourism villages as a
holistic approach to improving the tourism sector in
Indonesia.
Acknowledgement:
We would like to thank Telkom University and
Multimedia University for supporting this research.
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Akhmad Yunani, Yuhana Astuti,
Tarandhika Tantra, Eva Nurhazizah,
Mahir Pradana, Marheni Eka Saputri,
Mokhtarrudin Ahmad, Aznul Fazrin Bin Abu Sujak
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Contribution of Individual Authors to the
Creation of a Scientific Article (Ghostwriting
Policy)
- Akhmad Yunani created the initial concept.
- Yuhana Astudi, Tarandhika Tantra, and Eva
Nurhazizah carried out the field survey, data
analysis, and optimization.
- Mahir Pradana and Marheni Eka Saputri were
responsible for the field survey
- Mokhtarrudin Ahmad and Aznul Fazrin bin Abu
Sujak did the supervision.
Sources of Funding for Research Presented in a
Scientific Article or Scientific Article Itself
This article is part of the Community Engagement
program fund, a joint fund between Telkom
University and Multimedia University.
Conflict of Interest
The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
(Attribution 4.0 International, CC BY 4.0)
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
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DOI: 10.37394/23202.2024.23.6
Akhmad Yunani, Yuhana Astuti,
Tarandhika Tantra, Eva Nurhazizah,
Mahir Pradana, Marheni Eka Saputri,
Mokhtarrudin Ahmad, Aznul Fazrin Bin Abu Sujak
E-ISSN: 2224-2678
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Volume 23, 2024