Systematic Mapping Study of Bank Resilience
ABIWODO ABIWODO, CHANDRA WIJAYA, UMANTO UMANTO,
ATHOR SUBROTO
University of Indonesia,
School of Strategic and Global Studies (SKSG),
Chinese Cottage, Beji District, Depok City, West Java 16424,
INDONESIA
Abstract: - Banking institutions make an important contribution to improving economic conditions so that they
remain conducive. This causes banks to play a role in the world of development and trade related to the
provision of business capital or in fulfilling community needs. This study aims to describe the characteristics of
bank resilience research data in various aspects/categories and determine the factors that influence the increase
in bank resilience. The method used in this study is a systematic mapping study (SMS) to examine scientific
publications produced from time to time, focus, locus, the most widely investigated types of research, as well as
the most widely used research methods. The SMS procedure follows established empirical guidelines and the
mapping data relies on Springer, SAGE, Emerald, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus electronic databases.
Based on the results of SMS on research in the field of organizational change, it is known that 84 studies meet
the inclusion criteria. We classify 84 articles in the topic area by category of type of paper, method, focus,
locus, and year of research publication as well as factors that can affect bank resilience.
Key-Words: - Bank resilience, Systematic Mapping Study, Commercial Bank
Received: October 15, 2022. Revised: May 22, 2023. Accepted: June 16, 2023. Published: July 14, 2023.
1 Introduction
The bank is a place to meet the needs of parties
who have excess or lack of funds in business
operations or other sectors. Therefore, the existence
of banking is very important for advancing the
welfare of the community, Law Number 10 of 1998
it is explained that banking is everything related to
banks, including institutions, business activities,
and methods and processes in carrying out their
business activities, while banks are legal entities,
[1]. businesses that collect funds from the public in
the form of savings and distribute them to the
public in the form of credit and/or other forms in
the context of improving the standard of living of
the people at large. According to [2], a bank is a
financial institution whose business activities are
collecting funds from the community and
channeling these funds back into the community,
and providing other services.
Banking institutions make an important
contribution to improving economic conditions so
that they remain conducive. This causes banks to
play a role in the world of development and trade
related to the provision of business capital or in
fulfilling community needs. This strategic role
creates banking must have good resilience so that it
becomes a precondition for the success of banks in
supporting national economic growth. However,
the Covid-19 pandemic, which had an impact on
the global economy, caused an economic recession.
An economic recession is a symptom of a decline
in economic conditions that have continued to
decline for at least two consecutive quarters. Based
on the Official Statistics News Number
13/02/Th.XX1V, economic growth in Indonesia in
the 4th Quarter of 2020 still experienced a decline
of -2.19%. This makes economic growth in the 4th
Quarter better than economic growth in the 3rd
Quarter of 2020 of -3.49%.
Fig. 1: Economic Growth in Indonesia in 2017-
2020
Source: Central Bureau of Statistics (2021)
In August 2021 there was inflation of 0.03%
with a Consumer Price Index (CPI) of 106.57, the
year-to-year inflation rate (August 2021 to August
2020) of 1.59%. Then the Rupiah exchange rate on
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September 20, 2021, strengthened by 0.94%
compared to August 2021. The strengthening of the
Rupiah exchange rate was driven by the prospects
for the domestic economy, maintained domestic
foreign exchange supply, and Bank Indonesia's
stabilization measures. These developments
resulted in the Rupiah still depreciating by 1.35%
(YTD) as of September 20 2021 compared to the
end of 2020, relatively lower than the depreciation
of the currencies of several other developing
countries, such as Malaysia, the Philippines, and
Thailand. Bank Indonesia continues to strengthen
the Rupiah exchange rate stabilization policy
through its fundamentals and the working of
market mechanisms, through the effectiveness of
monetary operations and the availability of
liquidity in the market.
Fig. 2: Inflation 2015 – 2021
Source: Central Bureau of Statistics (2021)
The government has issued several policies to
maintain financial system stability, especially in the
banking sector amid the threat of a weakening
economy as a result of the spread of Covid-19, one
of which is POJK Number 18/POJK.03/2020
regarding Written Orders for Handling Bank
Problems. POJK Number 18/POJK.03/2020 is a
rule that implements the provisions of Article 23
paragraph (2) Government Regulation in place of
Law Number 1 of 2020 concerning State Financial
Policy and Financial System Stability for Handling
the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19)
Pandemic and /or in the context of Facing Threats
that Endanger the National Economy and/or
Financial System Stability, it is necessary to
stipulate a Financial Services Authority Regulation
concerning Written Orders for Handling Bank
Problems, in POJK regulation Number
18/POJK.03/2020 governing the Financial Services
Authority (OJK) authorized to give a written order
to the bank to carry out and accept the merger,
consolidation, acquisition and/or integration. Then,
taking into account the pandemic conditions
towards the end of 2020 which have not shown
improvement, OJK through POJK
No.48/POJK.03/2020 concerning Amendments to
the POJK Stimulus Covid-19 extended the
relaxation policy by emphasizing the obligation to
implement risk management and the principle of
prudence. in implementing the stimulus, as well as
adding policies related to bank liquidity and capital
until March 31, 2022. The policy was extended for
one year from March 31, 2022, to March 31, 2023,
which also applies to BPRs and BPRS, this
extension of credit restructuring is expected to
maintain the momentum of acceleration of national
economic recovery and banking stability as well as
the performance of Covid-19 restructuring debtors
who have started to experience improvement.
In addition, the Government has stipulated Law
of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2020
concerning Stipulation of Government Regulation
in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2020 concerning State
Financial Policy and Financial System Stability for
Handling the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19)
Pandemic and/or In In Order to Deal with Threats
that Endanger the National Economy and/or
Financial System Stability Become Laws then these
regulations are amended by Law Number 7 of 2021
concerning Harmonization of Tax Regulations,
these regulations are stipulated as a step in
increasing sustainable economic growth and
supporting accelerated economic recovery , a fiscal
consolidation strategy is needed that focuses on
improving the budget deficit and increasing the tax
ratio, which among others is carried out through the
implementation of policies to increase tax revenue
performance, tax administration reform, increase
the tax base, create a tax system m taxation that
prioritizes the principles of justice and legal
certainty, as well as increased voluntary
compliance by taxpayers.
Based on this, banks play an important role in
controlling the economy of a country, so bank
resilience is a concept that must always be
maintained, supervised, and improved. The study,
[3], explained that banking is said to have
resilience if it fulfills two conditions such as (i)
Banking can absorb shocks without having to rely
on support from the government, (ii) The ability of
the banking sector to carry out economic functions
in a sustainable manner, especially in carrying out
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its functions as an institution intermediation, such
as providing credit, collecting funds from the
public, payment, and transaction services as well as
printing money.
The concept of resilience was first introduced
in the study of ecological systems in the 1970s as a
move toward complex systems theory, [4]. The
concept of resilience was first introduced by, [5].
Resilience is defined as the ability of the system to
absorb shocks in the state before and after until the
state of the system returns to its initial equilibrium.
Stability and resilience are complementary targets
when analyzing complex systems because a system
must be able to respond to shocks and shift to a
new equilibrium state as part of the evolutionary
process. When symptoms of shocks arise, banks
will be able to adjust or absorb risks or respond
quickly to any shocks that arise, so that banks can
anticipate various potential shocks early that could
affect banking performance. To gain an existing
research perspective, researchers conducted
Systematic Mapping Studies (SMS), this study was
included in the literature review, [6].
The purpose of this systematic mapping study
is to form a background for further research and to
gain deeper insight into the study of bank
resilience. In the search, researchers used electronic
databases to find articles that discussed bank
resilience. SMS study is an appropriate method as a
literature study approach, researchers use 6
electronic databases, namely Scopus, PubMed,
Google Scholar, Emerald, Sage, and Springer.
From the electronic database, the researcher
obtained 84 journals that were most relevant to the
topic the author wanted to research. Overall the
researcher analyzed the search results from 84
studies with the main questions (Research
Questions) in this study including:
1. RQ1: What is the description of the
characteristics of the research data related to
bank resilience in various categories?
2. RQ2: What are the factors that can affect Bank
Resilience?
The results of this study provide a
comprehensive research approach to bank
resilience as well as implications and guidelines for
academics and other practitioners.
2 Literature Review
2.1 Systematic Mapping Study (SMS)
Systematic mapping study is a method of writing
systematic literature studies using predetermined
stages. The selection of articles was also not done
subjectively by researchers, but using the protocols
and filters that had been set beforehand. Systematic
mapping studies are usually carried out for broader
research topics than traditional reviews. Usually,
the results are in the form of clusters and
classifications of the findings obtained on a
research topic. Sometimes it is done to identify
future research trends for a research topic, [7].
2.2 Bank's Resilience
Today the resilience of the financial sector is very
important. Terms related to the issue of financial
sector resilience, especially the banking sector, are
the main focus of various countries in the world.
Regarding resilience in the banking sector, [3],
explained that banks are said to have resilience if
they meet two conditions such as (i) Banking can
absorb shocks without having to rely on support
from the government, (ii) The ability of the
banking sector to carry out economic functions in a
sustainable manner, particularly in carrying out its
function as an intermediary institution, such as
providing credit, collecting funds from the public,
payment, and transaction services as well as
printing money. Resilience in the banking sector as
a condition in individual banks can withstand, [8].
When symptoms of shocks arise, banks will be able
to adjust or absorb risks or respond quickly to any
shocks that arise, so that banks can anticipate
various potential shocks early that could affect
banking performance.
[5], defines resilience as the ability of a system
to absorb shocks in a variable state and thereafter
return to an initial state of equilibrium before the
change. Resilience research has now evolved and
focused on conditions that are outside of a stable
state of equilibrium. These conditions can move the
system towards a different balance point, [9].
Therefore, stability and robustness are
complementary targets in analyzing complex
systems because a system must be able to respond
to shocks and then shift to a new equilibrium state
as part of the evolutionary process. According to
[10], bank resilience is the ability to extract and
utilize physical and economic resources for
effective recovery after a hazard. Furthermore,
according to [11], resilience is a measure of a
system or part of the system's capacity to absorb
and recover from a hazard event.
Stated that resilience standards are the essence
of financial stability because the financial system
as a whole must be resilient enough to ensure that
the core services of payment, credit supply, and
risk transfer and collection can be maintained in the
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face of major shocks, [12]. Meanwhile, according
to [13], bank performance is translated into the
resilience of BUKU 4 banks to the current crisis,
namely the Covid-19 Pandemic. This study
approaches bank resilience using a Listed Banks
performance proxy. Bank resilience is measured
through several indicators, namely Capital, CAR,
LDR, NPL, and NIM. The results of the study show
that BUKU 4 Banks are more resistant to decreased
liquidity, decreased asset quality, and decreased
profitability that occurred during the Covid 19
Pandemic compared to banks at other strata.
3 Research Methods
This research uses a Systematic Mapping Study
(SMS) which is rooted in the Study Literature
Review (SLR), [14]. SMS serves to describe the
types of research activities that have been carried
out in research. SMS describes research at a high
level and maps out research rather than
investigating research questions in detail, [5]. In
other words, SMS can be considered a method to
get an overview of a particular research area, [15].
3.1 Research Question
The research questions in SMS are much broader
than those in SLR to address a wider scope of the
study, [16]. The main purpose of this SMS is to
map the frequency of publications from time to
time to find out research trends. The second
objective is to identify forums where research in a
given field has been published. This aim is
reflected in the research questions (RQ) as shown,
[17]. The research questions of this study
concentrate on topic categories in the area of bank
resilience. The research questions and descriptions
of this study are presented in Table 1.
Table 1. Research Questions and Descriptions
Research Questions
Description
RQ1
Characteristics of research data
related to bank resilience
include research focus,
research locus, type of paper,
methods, and approaches used,
distribution of types of paper,
and trend of paper for each
country and every year in
research which is visualized
graphically.
RQ2
Based on a literature review
that examines bank resilience,
information is obtained about
factors that can increase the
stability of bank resilience
3.2 Search Step
The search process must be carried out as
accurately as possible, this accuracy is indicated by
selecting mapping data sources, creating
appropriate search strings, and determining
inclusion and exclusion criteria. In this process, all
steps have results and a systematic map.
Researchers searched electronic databases, namely
Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Emerald, Sage,
and Springer. This study adopts the search process
from, [18]. In this process, each step has a
systematic result, and the map (systematic
mapping) is the result of the mapping process.
Figure 1 and Figure 2 depict the complete SMS
process used in this study, referring to the research
conducted and according to instructions by [16],
[18]. In the SMS process, the researcher collects,
analyzes, and classifies 84 articles to find the
research focus, methods, and types of papers based
on the classification scheme referred to by, [18].
The SMS process is presented in Figure 3.
Read the titles,
abstracts, and
keywords
Relevant Journals 84
Examine paper Paper categorized
inclusion 84
Remove duplicate
except for journals
and journals
conferences
Journals and journal
conferences 1000
Conduct research All Papers 9775
The definition of
research questions Review scope All Papers
Further exemptions
for irrelevance
Final paper after
analzed 84
Fig. 3: SMS Process
Source: [14], modified by the author (2022)
3.3 Classification Scheme
There are three aspects to classify studies. One side
categorizes articles based on their research method.
The second side is determined by paper type based
on classification. In addition, 22 focus categories
were identified, [19].
Fig. 4: Classification Process
Source: [14], modified by the author (2022)
Read selected
articles
Classification
scheme Categorize articles The final result
Revise scheme Systematic Map
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Table 2 shows the research conducted an
electronic search on the following databases.
Table 2. Number of Papers with the Theme of Bank
Resilience
Source
Name
All EE
Papers
Journals and
Journal
Conferences
Relevant
Journals
Springer
214
214
5
SAGE
128
128
4
Emerald
8000
8000
6
Google
Scholar
1000
1000
45
PubMed
121
121
3
Scopus
312
312
21
Total Journal
84
Source: Researcher (2022)
3.4 Exclusion and Inclusion Criteria
The inclusion and exclusion criteria step is one of
the mapping study activities to exclude irrelevantly
and include relevant studies, [18]. In other words, it
ensures that only suitable articles will be analyzed,
[20]. In this study, the authors minimize the search
scope to only journals. If there are duplicate
articles, we check the original publisher then we
remove articles from others. This study uses data
organization with the help of Publish or Perish as a
software application that can help select articles in
online databases according to the quality of the
articles. To minimize the risk of excluding relevant
articles, articles that are not a case for exclusion are
read in detail at the last step of the SMS process.
This research develops a classification scheme
to analyze and classify articles from, [18]. The
process of classifying articles is illustrated in Table
3.
Table 3. Classification and Categories
Journal
Types
Description
Evaluation
Research
The investigative method is
implemented in practice and presented
in the evaluation method.
Validation
Research
Investigative methods are still new and
have not been implemented in the field
(experiments /observations)
Philosophical
This research introduces a new
perspective using a taxonomy or
conceptual framework.
Method
Description
Case Study
Research a phenomenon in one or more
than one organizations over a
reasonable period.
constructive
Study
Research that intends to build new
frameworks, software artifacts, or
conceptual models.
Discussion
Papers
Research that addresses arguments or
phenomena
Literature Study
Research that analyzes and expands on
existing literature.
Surveys
The research uses a predetermined and
structured questionnaire to collect data
from individuals.
Source: (Banaeianjahromi & Smolander, 2016)
4 Results and Research
This section is the result of mapping based on
research questions. Based on the mapping results of
84 papers regarding bank resilience, they are
grouped using the Microsoft Excel application with
research distribution categories based on year,
issuer, and the number of citations related to bank
resilience.
[RQ1] What is the description of the
characteristics of research data related to bank
resilience in various categories?
1. Research focus
To answer RQ1 regarding research focus, 84
articles were classified in the research topic area
(research focus) with the categories resilience,
covid-19, bank resilience, bank, financial crisis,
skill, bank risk, small bank, bank performance,
speed, human resources, banking system, banking
size, financial stability, bank policy, conventional
bank, employee behavior, good governance, core
values, healthy bank, stress, adaptive, credit risk,
loyal, competent, trust, execute oriented, agile, risk
culture, collaborative and harmonious. The
research focus is presented in Figure 5.
Fig. 5: Research Focus
Source: Processed by Researchers (2022)
Topics that have been widely researched are
resilience with 46 articles, covid-19 with 35
articles, bank resilience with 31 articles, banks with
27 articles, financial crisis with 23 articles, skills
with 21 articles, bank risk and small banks with 19
articles, bank performance 16 articles, speed 13
articles, banking system and human resources 12
articles, bank size 11 articles, bank policy and
financial stability 10 articles, employee behavior
and conventional banking 8 articles, good
governance, and core values 5 articles, 4 articles on
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stress and healthy bank, 3 articles on credit risk and
adaptive, 2 articles on loyalty, competence, and
trust, execute oriented, agile, risk culture,
collaborative, and harmonious as much as 1 article.
The most widely discussed are resilience as many
as 46 articles while the least execute-oriented,
agile, risk culture, collaborative, and harmonious
writing is 1 article.
2. Research Locus
To answer RQ1 regarding research loci, 84 articles
are classified in the research locus area with the
categories of multinational firms, national firms,
international firms, global firms, and corporate.
The research focus is presented in Figure 6.
Fig. 6: Research Focus
Source: Processed by Researchers (2022)
Figure 4 is the number of articles at the loci in
the article studied. The most researched loci are
national firms with 44 papers, international firms in
second place with 19 papers, global firms in third
place with 8 papers, corporate ranks fourth with 7
papers, and finally multinational firms with 6
papers.
3. Distribution of Paper Types
Research is grouped into three categories, namely
evaluation research, philosophical research, and
validation research. To provide answers to RQ1
regarding the distribution of paper types, the
researcher categorized 84 research results from the
classification mapping.
Fig. 7: Paper Type Distribution
Source: Processed by Researchers (2022)
The distribution of article types (paper type) is
described based on classification categories. Based
on the results of systematic mapping studies, the
most frequently used type of article is evaluation
research with a total of 56 articles (67%) research,
followed by philosophical research with a total of
15 (18%) research. Finally, there are 13 articles
(15%) validation research articles. It is noticed that
the paper type distribution is presented in Figure 7.
4. Method Distribution
The research is grouped into five categories: case
study, constructive study, discussion paper,
literature study, and survey methods. To provide
answers from RQ1 regarding the distribution of
methods, the researcher categorized 84 research
results from the classification mapping. Figure 6 is
a diagram illustrating the percentage distribution of
research methods regarding bank resilience.
Fig. 8: Distribution of Methods
Source: Processed by Researchers (2022)
The results of systematic mapping (systematic
mapping study), the most frequently used article
method is the case study with a total of 56 (67%)
studies. The next most frequent article method was
a discussion paper with a total of 17 (20%) studies.
Next is the literature study method with 5 (6%)
studies, the last is a survey with 3 (4%) studies, and
a constructive study with 3 (3%) studies. The
distribution of methods is presented in Figure 8.
5. Distribution of Research Approaches
Fig. 9: Distribution of Research Approaches
Source: Processed by Researchers (2022)
010 20 30 40 50
Corporate
Global Firm
International Firm
National Firm
Multinational firm
7
8
19
44
6
Evaluation
Research
67%
Philosophical
18%
Validation
Research
15%
Case Study
67%
Constructive Study
3%
Discussion Paper
20%
Literature Study
6%
Survey
4%
Case Study Constructive Study Discussion Paper
Literature Study Survey
Quantitative
Qualitative
Mix method
0
20
40
60
1
57
23 4
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Research is grouped into three categories,
namely quantitative, qualitative, and mixed
methods. Researchers categorized 84 studies from
the classification mapping results. The result is that
the quantitative approach is the most widely used
with 57 studies, then with 23 qualitative studies,
and finally with 4 mixed method studies. Data
obtained from Figure 7 describes the distribution of
research approaches.
6. Publication Trends
Based on the mapping results, it was found that the
country that produced the most research on bank
resilience was the US with a total of 18
publications. Followed by Global (research that
examines more than 10 countries) in as many as 13
publications. Furthermore, research conducted in
Europe totaled 11 publications. In fourth place with
6 publications is occupied Germany, then with a
total of 5 publications namely Canada, India, and
the UK. Followed by Nigeria, Switzerland,
Pakistan, Spain, Indonesia, Czech, Pakistan, and
China with a total of 3 publications. Furthermore,
in last place with a total of 1 publication, namely
Saudi Arabia, Africa, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil,
Denmark, Finland, Iran, Japan, New Zealand,
Portugal, Malaysia, and Hungary.
Fig. 10: Publication Trends
Source: Data processed by the author (2022)
Figure 9 is a research trend published in
electronic database media starting in 2010-2022. In
2020 there was a significant increase from the
previous year, namely in 2019 there were 4
publications, but in 2020 there were 20 publications
but increased again in 2022 with as many as 19
publications. Similarly, the publication trends are
presented in Figure 10 and Figure 11 respectively.
Fig. 11: Publication Trends
Source: Processed by Researchers (2022)
[RQ2] What Factors Affect Bank's Resilience?
Then an analysis of 20 (twenty) selected articles
was carried out, as shown in Table 4.
Table 4. List of Articles on Factors That Can
Influence Bank Resilience
No
Author
Title
Year
Results
1.
Kumars
Evaluating the
financial
performance
and financial
stability of
national
commercial
banks in the
UAE
2016
Capital
adequacy,
asset quality,
management
capability,
profit
capability,
and liquidity
ratio
2.
Vallascas &
Keasey
Bank
resilience to
systemic
shocks and
the stability
of banking
systems:
Small is
beautiful
2012
Bank size,
the share of
non-interest
income, and
asset growth
strengthen
the stability
of individual
banks
3.
Korzeb &
Niedziółka
Resistance of
commercial
banks to the
crisis caused
by the
COVID-19
pandemic: the
case of
Poland
2020
Bank size
4.
Papadimitri
ou et al.
The resilience
of the US
banking
system
2019
Capital
adequacy and
operational
efficiency
5.
Mirzaei, A.,
& Moore,
T.
Does
macroprudent
ial policy
alleviate the
adverse
impact of
COVID-19
on the
resilience of
banks?
2020
Macropruden
tial policy
6.
Cao &
Bank
2022
Regulatory
11111111111112 2 2 2 2 33333335 5 5 6
11
13
18
0
5
10
15
20
Afrika
Bangladesh
Brazil
Finlandia
Japan
Portugal
Hungarian
Australia
France
China
Ceko
Spanyol
Nigeria
India
Germany
Global
0
10
20
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
43253142
74
20
10
19
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No
Author
Title
Year
Results
Chou
resilience
over the
COVID-19
crisis: The
role of
regulatory
capital”
capital ratio
7.
Lall
The resilience
of Small
Banks
compared
with Large
Banks:
Evidence
From the
2007-2013
US Financial
Crisis
2015
Interest rate
risk, liquidity
risk,
capitalization
risk, lending
rates, product
specialization
, bank
location, and
scale of
banking
operations
8.
Enad, O.
M. A., &
Gerinda, S.
M. A.
Enhancing
the financial
performance
of the bank:
the role of
customer
response and
operations
management
2022
Speed in
conducting
customer
response and
operations
management
9.
Li, W., Wu,
C., Xu, L.,
& Tang, Q.
Bank
connections
and the speed
of leverage
adjustment:
evidence
from China's
listed firms
2017
Bank speed
in bank
connection,
speed
Leverage
adjustment
10.
Guridno et
al.
Analysis of
Leadership
Style,
Organization
al Culture on
Job
Satisfaction,
and the
Impact on
Employee
Performance
2020
Leadership
style and
organizationa
l culture
11.
Nguyen et
al .,
Does
Corporate
Culture
Affect Bank
Risk-Taking?
Evidence
from Loan-
Level
2019
company
culture
12.
Goyal &
Joshi
Indian banking
industry:
Challenges
and
opportunities.
2012
Trust of
shareholders
and other
stakeholders
13.
Pakurár et
al.
The service
quality
dimensions
that affect
customer
satisfaction in
2019
Certainty,
reliability,
access, and
competence
of employees
No
Author
Title
Year
Results
the Jordanian
banking
sector
14.
Xu & Lu
A Study on
the
Connotation
and
Extension of
Bank
Resilience:
Based on the
Perspective
of Active
Risk
Management
2020
Harmonizatio
n between
bank
efficiency,
bank
innovation,
bank
supervision,
and other
functional
mechanisms.
15.
Andreas &
Djumarno
Analysis of
Service
Quality and
Trust in
Satisfaction
and Its
Impact on
Customer
Loyalty of Pt.
Bank CTBC
Indonesia
(Case Study
at Pt. Bank
CTBC
Indonesia
Mangga Dua
Branch
Jakarta).
2019
Loyalty is
shown
through
attitude
16.
Cadets &
Aaron
Micro risk
assessment in
estimating
bank credit
risk (No.
WP/3/2017).
2017
Adaptive in
adjusting the
company
17.
Blessley &
Mudambi
A trade way
and a
pandemic:
Disruption
and resilience
in the food
bank supply
chain.
2022
Collaboration
between the
central
government
and local
organizations
18.
Tok &
Yesuf
Embedding
Value-Based
Principles in
the Culture of
Islamic
Banks to
Enhance
Their
Sustainability
, Resilience,
and Social
Impact
2022
risk culture in
banking
19.
Gill et al.
An agile
service
resilience
architecture
capability:
Financial
services case
2015
Agile
capabilities
or the
implementati
on of bank
resilience can
provide
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on SYSTEMS
DOI: 10.37394/23202.2023.22.68
Abiwodo Abiwodo, Chandra Wijaya,
Umanto Umanto, Athor Subroto
E-ISSN: 2224-2678
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Volume 22, 2023
No
Author
Title
Year
Results
study.
services that
meet needs
dynamically
20.
Zeitouni et
al.
Runtime
attestation
resilient
under
memory
attacks
2017
Execution
Oriented
provides
increased
system
robustness in
every
condition.
Source: Processed by Researchers (2022)
Based on the 20 articles analyzed, it can be
concluded that according to research conducted,
[21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], found that
bank resilience is influenced by capital adequacy,
asset quality, management capability, profit
capability, liquidity ratio, bank size, the share of
non-interest income, strengthening individual bank
stability, operational efficiency, macroprudential
policy, regulatory capital ratios, risk interest rates,
liquidity risk, and capitalization risk, lending rates,
product specialization, bank location and scale of
banking operations.
Apart from that, research was conducted, [28],
[29], found that speed in responding to customers,
and operations management affect financial
performance and the speed of banks in bank
connections play an asymmetric role in influencing
the speed of leverage adjustment which can affect
bank resilience.
Furthermore, research conducted, [2], [30],
[31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39],
found that bank resilience is influenced by
leadership style, organizational culture, shareholder
trust, and other stakeholders, employee
competence, harmonization in coordination and
mechanisms between bank efficiency, bank
innovation, bank supervision, and other functional
mechanisms, trust, adapt adjusting the company in
mitigating risks that occur, the collaboration
between the central government and local
organizations, risk culture, agile or adaptive
capabilities for the design and implementation of
bank resilience, Execution Oriented in providing
increased system resilience in each condition.
Topic Area Visualization using Vosviewer
A systematic mapping study analysis in this study
was carried out to visualize results based on
keywords that often appear. This is very useful
because it can show readers related topics that have
been researched for 8 years (2008-2016).
Vosviewer also obtained the results of cluster
analysis which can show the relationship between
one topic under study and other topics, [40],
especially in the field of resilience bank research.
This study has mapped SMS analysis in three
different visualizations, namely (1) data network
visualization (Figure 12), (2) overlay visualization
(Figure 13), and (3) density visualization (Figure
14).
Fig. 12: Data Network Visualization Database
using Vosviewer
Source: Processed by Researchers (2022)
Picture visualization of the data network in
Figure 1 illustrates the results of the frequency of
occurrence of keywords based on systematic
mapping study data using Vosviewer. Vosviewer's
exploration results show that there is no
relationship between core values and the speed of
the organization. This gives a research gap in
research.
The results of visualization of the data network
using Vosviewer show that there has been no
research that examines core value on speed of
organization, but several studies have found a link
between core value and bank resilience, and the
link between speed of organization and bank
resilience so that a research gap emerged in this
study.
Fig. 13: Overlay Visualization Database using
Vosviewer
Source: Processed by Researchers (2022)
The overlay visualization image above shows
that the light-colored circle is the most recently
researched topic. Therefore, the darker the color of
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on SYSTEMS
DOI: 10.37394/23202.2023.22.68
Abiwodo Abiwodo, Chandra Wijaya,
Umanto Umanto, Athor Subroto
E-ISSN: 2224-2678
679
Volume 22, 2023
the circle, the longer the topic will be studied by
the researcher. In this figure, the darkest color
indicates research topics with old years, while the
lightest color indicates research with young years.
The oldest color, namely in 2008, contained topics
that discussed efficiency, corporate culture, culture,
risk, economy, core, word bank, and law. In 2010
there were topics of governance, commitment,
organization, employee, environment, and
leadership. In 2012 there were topics of company,
bank loan, core values, values, innovation,
competence, and corporate social responsibility.
Whereas in 2014 there were topics on financial
services, costs, case studies, national banks,
banking, commercial banks, and Islamic banks.
Furthermore, in 2016 there were the topics
enterprise, ability, pandemic, covid, resilience,
situation, and bank equity. Based on the
explanation above, the brightest circle color is a
topic related to Covid-19, this is due to the Covid-
19 pandemic which began in 2020 and caused a
decline in the banking sector regarding bank
resilience. Vosviewer's results show that Covid-19
is related to many things, such as enterprise, ability,
pandemic, resilience, situation, and bank equity.
Fig. 14: Density Visualization Database using
Vosviewer
Source: Processed by Researchers (2022)
The density visualization image above
illustrates the keyword density visualization in
bank resilience research. This provides an
opportunity for researchers to identify topics that
have the potential to have an impact as new
contributions to work in banking, among others by
finding and determining topics that are appropriate
and related to the issues being discussed. In terms
of the relevance of the research topic, we can see
that for example the keywords "bank" and "core
value" are most often studied in research. This kind
of topic is quite a new trend for researchers,
especially since there has been no research that
examines core values on the speed of an
organization.
5 Conclusion
Based on the results of the research that has been
described, the conclusions that can be obtained are:
1) The most researched topics are resilience,
covid-19, and resilience banks. The most
researched loci are national firms, international
firms, and global firms. The most frequently
used type of article is evaluation research. The
research method that is often used is a case
study. The most widely used research approach
is quantitative. The country that has conducted
the most research on bank resilience is the
United States. Most research publications were
done in 2020.
2) One of the factors that can affect bank
resilience according to research conducted,
[21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], found
that bank resilience is influenced by capital
adequacy, asset quality, management
capability, profit capability, liquidity ratio,
bank size, the share of non-interest income,
strengthening individual bank stability,
operational efficiency, macroprudential policy,
regulatory capital ratios, risk interest rates,
liquidity risk, and capitalization risk, lending
rates, product specialization, bank location and
scale of banking operations. Apart from that,
research was conducted, [28], [29], found that
speed in responding to customers, and
operations management affect financial
performance and the speed of banks in bank
connections play an asymmetrical role in
influencing the speed of leverage adjustment
which can affect bank resilience. Further
research conducted, [2], [30], [31], [32], [33],
[34], [35], [37], [38], [39], found that bank
resilience is influenced by leadership style,
organizational culture, shareholder trust, and
other stakeholders, employee competence,
harmonization in coordination and mechanisms
between bank efficiency, bank innovation,
bank supervision and other functional
mechanisms, trust, adapt adjusting the
company in mitigating risks that occur, the
collaboration between the central government
and local organizations, risk culture, agile or
adaptive capabilities for the design and
implementation of bank resilience, Execution
Oriented in providing increased system
resilience in each condition.
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on SYSTEMS
DOI: 10.37394/23202.2023.22.68
Abiwodo Abiwodo, Chandra Wijaya,
Umanto Umanto, Athor Subroto
E-ISSN: 2224-2678
680
Volume 22, 2023
6 Suggestion
Based on the results of the research that has been
described, the suggestions that can be obtained are:
1. The results of data network visualization using
Vosviewer show that there is a link between
bank resilience and core values and bank
resilience and speed of organization. However,
no research has been found that shows a link
between core values and the speed of an
organization. This becomes a research gap in
this study. Therefore, further research can
examine the influence of the correlation
between core values and the speed of the
organization.
2. This research only examines journals based on
publishers Springer, SAGE, and Emerald.
Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus, so that
further research can examine journals based on
publishers Doaj, EBSCOhost, Gale Cengage,
Jstor, Proquest, and ScienceDirect.
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Abiwodo Abiwodo, Chandra Wijaya,
Umanto Umanto, Athor Subroto
E-ISSN: 2224-2678
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Volume 22, 2023
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DOI: 10.37394/23202.2023.22.68
Abiwodo Abiwodo, Chandra Wijaya,
Umanto Umanto, Athor Subroto
E-ISSN: 2224-2678
682
Volume 22, 2023
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Contribution of Individual Authors to the
Creation of a Scientific Article (Ghostwriting
Policy)
-Abiwodo has done conceptualizing, writing
original draft, and data curation.
-While Chandra Wijaya, Umanto, and Athor
Subroto have done writing review and editing,
respectively.
Sources of Funding for Research Presented in a
Scientific Article or Scientific Article Itself
No funding was received for conducting this
research.
Conflict of Interest
The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
(Attribution 4.0 International, CC BY 4.0)
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.e
n_US
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on SYSTEMS
DOI: 10.37394/23202.2023.22.68
Abiwodo Abiwodo, Chandra Wijaya,
Umanto Umanto, Athor Subroto
E-ISSN: 2224-2678
683
Volume 22, 2023