Exemplary Leadership Generates Trust: The Key to Success as a

Preceptor for Nursing Students

M. ARIFKI ZAINARO1, SUDJARWO1, HASAN HARIRI1, APRINA2,

DYAH WULAN SUMEKAR RENGGANIS WARDANI3, PARGITO3, RIDWAN4,

USASTIAWATY CIK AYU SAADIAH ISNAINY5,

ADE MULYANAH6, ACHRIL ZALMANSYAH5, RIAS TUSIANAH7,

TUBAGUS ALI PUJA KESUMA8, EDY IRAWAN9, ALBET MAYDIANTORO3

Abstract: - Integrity, honesty, competence, loyalty, and openness generate trust. When all involved in a clinical

practice program trust each other, preceptors, medical personnel, and nursing practice students feel happy.

However, students experience inappropriate guidance. Preceptors often guide less-than-optimal practitioners.

This study aims to analyze the effect of exemplary leadership on trust. This type of research is quantitative. The

population in this study were all nursing professional students at the Health College of Lampung Province,

using a simple random sampling technique to meet the feasibility of SEM analysis. Based on data processing

Received: March 24, 2022. Revised: November 15, 2022. Accepted: December 14, 2022. Published: December 31, 2022.

This manuscript is a part of the dissertation

research. It elaborates on the effect of Exemplary

Leadership on Trust. It reveals that generating the

trust of leaders is needed to display a good

example. The role of health workers will determine

the success of the implementation of development

of quantity and quality. For this reason, it is

necessary to manage professional education, one of

which is in the field of nursing education, [1].

A formal education process needs to address to

increase in quantity and quality of Nursing

education required to produce competent graduates

of international standards, [1]. The implementation

of education is to quickly respond to complex and

sustainable learning by producing graduates who

can work according to their knowledge and be

evidenced by the number of credits in the Nursing

Diploma Three Study Program with 30% practice,

the Nursing Undergraduate Study Program with

15% practice, and the Nursing Professional Study

Program with 100% practice.

Lecturers and students conduct clinical learning

in actual working areas like hospitals. Lecturers

competencies, critical assessment, professional

actions, and attitudes played by supervisors, [1]. If

the clinical learning program does not run well, it is

unlikely that health colleges will produce quality

graduates, the role of performance is needed, [1].

However, receptor performance has not received

much attention during the last few decades, [1]. It is

still relatively difficult to find research on receptor

performance in Indonesia, especially in Lampung

Province, [2]-[4]. Meanwhile, nursing education

Many factors that affect the performance of the

perceiver include workload, reward, work stress,

work environment, organizational culture,

motivation, supervision, social values, cultural

values, and trust. Of the many variables that affect

the performance of this study, it focuses on

Exemplary Leadership and trust.

The performance of the receptors makes a

difference in student learning [6], [7], in that the

receptors with exemplary leadership knowledge

measurably to the effectiveness of student learning

in carrying out their duties, [13], [18]-[20]. Trust is

an aspect of the relationship and is constantly

changing. In addition, trust is also the basis for

building and maintaining intrapersonal

relationships, [21].

The parties' belief in the integrity, honesty,

competence, loyalty, and openness of other people,

be it one community or establishing relationships

that form new relationships that are even bigger

practitioners can't do much. Preceptors provide less

than optimal guidance for practitioners, [21].

outcomes, using evaluation results to improve

clinical learning services, creating a pleasant

learning environment, utilizing available learning

resources, and developing learning interactions

between preceptor and students (strategies,

methods, technology) appropriate to social and

cultural values, [21]. Clinical learning improves the

quality of students according to the potential and

proportion of university graduates, [21].

The preceptor is a manager, counselor,

Conceptually, the preceptor's performance is

measured based on the main task of planning the

clinical guidance process, carrying out the clinical

guidance process, and evaluating the clinical

guidance, [21]. Preceptors oblige to carry out the

three components effectively and efficiently.

Regarding the role of the preceptor, the results

of the study showed that the performance of the

nurse profession student of preceptor of 40.4% of

students stated that they were in the category of

condition refers to the results of a survey in 2021 in

one of the universities in Lampung Province. There

were 43% of students passed the competency test in

the December 2020 period. Second, the results of a

study conducted by the Indonesian Ministry of

Health in four provinces in Indonesia showed that

preceptor performance was still low, namely 47.4:

29.1% had attended training in the last three years,

39.9% of nurses had performed non-nursing

assignments, and There is no system to evaluate the

Scholar. The impact of exemplary leadership is

trust. Without trust, building elements that enable

the achievement of nursing education outputs and

in 18 provinces in health universities in Indonesia

on May 22, 2021, with a total of 112 respondents,

the performance of the receptors was still less than

optimal, with 35 respondents (31.5%), many

receptors in the frequency range. Attendance is still

lacking and only occasionally 49 respondents

(43.8%). Generally, the preceptors came on the first

and last days of the practice period. This condition

indicated a lack of performance of the receptors in

the practice field to guide students. The Exemplary

performance of receptors in Indonesia, especially in

Lampung Province. The authors identified

knowledge gaps in previous investigations on

receptor performance, [2]-[4]. Preceptor

performance deserves further exploration to

provide an understanding of the preparation of

guidance programs, implementation of guidance

programs, implementation of clinical guidance

evaluations, and implementation of improvement

and enrichment programs.

Likewise, investigation of Trust in the field of

nursing is still rare. A shortage of Trust can damage

the building of elements that enable the

achievement of nursing education outputs and

outcomes, so Trust needs to be investigated further,

[15]-[17].

The lack of preceptor performance in the

practice field causes students-nursing professional

problems. The research purpose is to analyze the

effect of Exemplary Leadership on Trust. This

preceptors for higher education quality assurance

management as planning and development of

human resources for health workers, especially

performance of nursing students in clinical

clerkships is due to the lack of humanism in the

precepts. Preceptors should apply more humanist

guidance so that students can grasp the essence of

being professional nurses.

Referring to searches using the Google Scholar

and Vos Viewer applications, it is challenging to

find research on exemplary leadership variables

associated with trust. 'Exemplary Leadership' is

connected with social capital, cultural border, job,

This research was conducted at the Health College

of Lampung Province. This type of research is a

quantitative survey. The population was all

professional students at the Health College of

Lampung Province in the odd 2021/2022 academic

year. The populations are from Malahayati

Profession Students [28], [29]. The research used a

simple random sampling technique to fulfill SEM

analysis. Inclusion criteria, Nurse Profession

Students who have completed the first semester,

Nurse Profession Students in Lampung Province,

and Nurse Profession Students at State and Private

Universities. The questionnaire is in the form of a

Likert scale model, consisting of items equipped

with five answers. Measurements were carried out

using Google Forms. Respondents were asked to

variables studied by the researcher. The results of

the estimation of Amos 23, the authors present as

follows.

3.5 Estimate

In the following, the researchers describe several

estimates based on the Maximum Likelihood

Estimates method. The maximum likelihood

estimate is the regression weight of the exogenous

variable variance, the covariance between

Table 2 tells us that there are two latent

variables: exemplary leadership and trust.

Exemplary leadership (EL) comprises four

dimensions: ELKAN, ELRONG, ELMO, and ELT,

ELKAN has five manifests. ELRONG has five

manifests, ELT has five manifests, ELMO has six

manifests. While Trust (T) has five dimensions: TI,

dimension and indicator (manifest) are from the

critical ratio (C.R.) score of 1.96 and the P value of

0.05, and the presence of a *** sign (three

asterisks).

Thus, all dimensions show a significant value.

As for the manifestations, some are not significant,

namely, ELT= .06, ELRONG= .06, ELMO= .06,

ELME= .06, ELKAN= .06.

Next, the researcher presents the Standard

Regression Weights: (Group number 1 - Default

model). The estimated standard regression weight

is in the estimation table column (estimation). The

Standard methods report control on variable

estimates (correlation between exogenous and

standardized regression weights). When used with

error (SE). The value of Critical Ratio (C.R.) is the

same as the value of t in OLS (ordinary least

squares) regression, and P is the probability level of

significance with *** (three asterisks) means by

default significant at 0.001. Exemplary Leadership

(EL) has a positive effect on Trust (T) with a

standard coefficient of 0.32 (an increase in

Exemplary Leadership (EL) 1 will increase Trust

(T) positively by 0.32).

standarderror (SE).

Source: Primary Data Processed by Researchers with AMOS 23

Table 4. Standard Direct Effects (Group number 1 - Default model)

Source: Primary Data Processed by Researchers with AMOS 23

The value of Critical Ratio (C.R.) is the same as the

value of t in OLS (ordinary least squares)

(T) positively by 0.32).

The results of the calculations are in Table 4.

Exemplary Leadership (EL) has a direct effect on

Trust (T) of 0.32.

4.1 Exemplary Leadership has a Positive

Leadership is many aspects of behavior that will be

become leaders? Such behavior puts this "leader" in

an autonomous space to articulate the potential that

dimensions that support the educational process to

sustain the path to a permanent direction. He admits

that the process consists of two stages. First,

humans become aware (awakened) about preparing

for what befalls them. They must carry out the

praxis of changing the oppressed situation. Second,

They make it possible for others to do good work.

In psychological studies, trust is a person's

tendency to believe in others. Trust is a person's

behavior to rely on the reliability and integrity of

others in fulfilling their expectations in the future,

[31], [34], [35]. Trust is the degree to which a

person believes in a positive attitude toward good

wishes and in others who trust in changing and

dangerous situations, [31], [34], [35].

Trust is a personality trait tendency that is

a person's tendency to believe is the existence of

transcendent ability. Transcendence is a way of

thinking about things beyond what is visible, which

in the universe, for example, thoughts that study the

attributes of God that are so far and human

predictions. Thus, religious people have a higher

level of trust than people who do not have religion

(atheists). Parents who keep most of their promises

and trust their children more can cause children to

tend to have high trust. Several studies have

SEM test on standardized direct effects, Exemplary

Leadership has a positive impact on Trust of 0.32,

which means Exemplary Leadership has a positive

effect on Trust. These indicate that the teacher has

a position with exemplary leadership positive

influence on student confidence. The role of the

precept is to become a facilitator for students by

providing motivation and facilitating learning

experiences, applying active learning strategies,

and delivering systematic learning materials are the

their own learning experiences. With this theory,

the receptors find the techniques that can develop

the student's soul in learning.

strategic concept to improve the quality of human

resources because it has a high tolerance among

human beings. It is necessary to have full support

from universities to realize a humanist education in

establishing humanist methods to eliminate

violence in schools, where schools are places to

develop talents and form good student character.

Humanistic learning theory also focuses on the

student-centered method using interpersonal

contact that is student-centered by developing the

process of the atmosphere in learning, not the

result. A perceiver must be more responsive to the

needs of affection in the educational process so that

trust arises between the perceiver and the student.

education are in one space, where Exemplary

Leadership provides exemplary to direct, motivate,

and supervise student work that creates trust

between students and preceptors in the

implementation of 2000 practice. Preceptors need

Based on the results of this study, authors can

conclude that a positive and significant effect of

leadership exemplary on trust. This research

contributes to the development of human resources

and the growth of student skills, maintaining and

developing Exemplary Leadership, social values,

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