

Abstract: High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamp has been extensively employed in outdoor lighting. But the need of time is to save

electricity since HPS has high consumption of electricity. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are better choice to replace HPS. Since

they are compact and with very low power ratings, they have very high illumination. The basic difference between LED and

HPS is that, HPS works on normal AC voltage supply whereas LED requires low DC voltage to operate. Hence a converter

circuit with low voltage rating is required for proper functioning of LED. In this paper, simulation and hardware

implementation of an LED driver base on a permutation of the buck converter as the DC-DC power conversion (PC) stage and

buck-boost converter as the power factor rectification (PFR) stage is presented. This paper presents the hardware

implementation of LED driver circuit for 12 V LED lighting strip.

Keywords— High Pressure Sodium (HPS), Light Emitting Diode (LED), Power Conversion (PC), Power Factor Rectification

(PFR).

Received: July 9, 2021. Revised: July 12, 2022. Accepted: August 7, 2022. Published: September 15, 2022.

1. Introduction

HE High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lights were the most

innovative and efficient technology developed in 1970s.

Whereas Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are modern day

saviour. The HPS lights were preferred due to its high

efficiency, cheap, low maintenance cost and long lifespan.

But with the advancement in solid state technology, LED

proved to be better in all the above mentioned aspects in

comparison to HPS. There are lot many reasons for

replacement of HPS by LED like; high Colour Rendering

Index (CRI), instantaneous ON/OFF response, dimming,

Viable Light Emissions, failure characteristics directionality,

shock resistance, heat emissions, etc. Hence LEDs have

developed a wide market and HPS is being replaced by LEDs

[1]. To control the functioning of LEDs a driver circuit is

required which is essentially developed by using DC-DC

converters [2-8]. Various buck converter based LED driver

topologies are reported in literature [9-15]. Power factor

improvement is the one of the key concern for the researcher

working in this area; some of the researchers have been

suggested topologies [16, 17] which improves the power

factor.

Electrolytic capacitor free LED driver topology to increase

the life span is also available in the literature [18–23]. The

Integrated DC-DC Converter based driver topology for LED

based street lighting system presented in [24], is also the

scope of this paper. Topology presented in this paper is

implemented in Indian context, so the simulation model is

demonstrated in this paper for 12 Volt LED lights.

2. Driver Circuit Topology

As mentioned in previous section that a lot of work has

been reported in literature for numerous topologies of driver

circuit. Among the various topologies reported in literature

broadly used are integrated type, isolated 2-channel topology,

mixed topology single-stage driver circuit, self-oscillating

topology, etc. the brief overview of theses topologies is

presented in this section.

2.1 Integrated Buck-Flyback Converter based

LED Driver Topology

To design the LED driver circuit, an integrated buck –

flyback converter is employed as depicted in figure 1[25].

D1D2

D3D4

Vin DFH

DFL

CBDout C

Figure 1. Integrated Buck Flyback LED driver topology [25]

Performance Analysis of LED Driver Circuit using DC-DC

Converter Topology

DEEPAK AGRAWAL, BHAGWAT KAKDE, RAJNEESH KARN

Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Bhopal (M.P.), INDIA

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on SYSTEMS

DOI: 10.37394/23202.2022.21.20

Deepak Agrawal, Bhagwat Kakde, Rajneesh Karn

E-ISSN: 2224-2678

185

Volume 21, 2022

The flyback converter works on discontinuous conduction

mode (DCM) as depicted in figure 1, to achieve high power

factor. Parameters are redesigned in such a way that it has

high power factor, fewer output current ripple, modest total

harmonic distortion (THD) and higher efficiency than

conventional IBFC converter. The efficiency achieved by this

topology is 89%, power factor 0.96, THD is 16%.

2.2 Isolated 2 – Channel LED Driver Topology

with Automatic Current Balance

In [26], LED driver circuit for an isolated 2 – channel

automatic current balance using capacitor as well as zero DC-

magnetizing current. In this topology, a transformer is

provided for the isolation and also each winding has capacitor

connected in series as depicted in figure 2. Because of this the

dc magnetization current is zero. Also, the capacitor in

secondary winding works as current balancing in LED driver.

This topology can be utilized for multi – channel LED driver

without raising the output voltage. The MOSFET experiences

less voltage stress in this topology. The maximum efficiency

achieved with this topology is 98.85%.

Figure 2. Isolated 2 – Channel LED driver topology [26]

2.3 Single Stage LED DriverTopology

The driver for LED having single stage with DCM is

presented in [27]. The primary side have regulated

characteristics to achieve high performance of the system.

The performance is account for high-power density, high

reliability, high PF, high efficiency and low input current

THD. For the variation in the input voltage from 90V to

260V, power factor always remains greater than 0.95 and

efficiency varies between 85% and 90.8%.

2.4 Single – Stage LED Driver Topogoly with

Boost Converter

In [28], a LED driver single – stage circuit as depicted in

Figure 3 featuring a half-bridge LLC resonant and boost

converter. In this topology, the PFR is obtained by operating

boost-converter in discontinuous conducting mode in order to

have low THD and high PF. For providing isolation as well as

soft switching LLC resonant converter is used so that less

switching losses is obtained. This LED driver can be

employed for industrial lighting on full load has achieved

91.5% of efficiency. The PFR is also recognized as PFC

(Power Factor Correction).

Vin

n:1 LEDs

Figure 3. Single – Stage LED Driver Topology with Boost Converter

[28]

2.5 Single Stage Series Type LED Driver

Topology

For applications such as mixed color LED lighting system,

driver require constant current through LED strings also

current flowing through each string should be independently

controlled to obtain good performance efficiency. For giving

effect to this, LED driver topology with self-regulating

control of N- channel output current is developed. The

working principle for this uses 3-channel output LED driver

which is realized in [29], which is depicted in Figure 4. The

design parameters for the implemented topology are

elaborated in [29].

Figure 4. Single stage series type LED driver topology [22]

2.6 Self Oscillating -Soft Switched LED

DriverTopology

In [30] a LED driver with self – oscillating soft switched

topology depicted in figure 5 which implements zero current

switching (ZCS) at turn off instant of the switch.

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on SYSTEMS

DOI: 10.37394/23202.2022.21.20

Deepak Agrawal, Bhagwat Kakde, Rajneesh Karn

E-ISSN: 2224-2678

186

Volume 21, 2022

Voltage

Sampling Unit Schmitt trigger

oscillating unit

Startup unit

Saw-tooth

voltage unit

Self-oscillating part

Figure 5. LED driver with Self-oscillating soft-switched topology

[30]

When variation in output voltage is around 33% then

variation in current is only 10% it means output current

flowing through LEDs remains almost constant when there is

wide variation in output voltage so this topology does not

require any current feedback. The topology presented in this

topology does not require any power source for control circuit.

The main drawbacks of the topology are that it can operate

for only low power applications i.e. less than 25W and input

current does not remain sinusoidal.

2.7 Class E Converter based LED Driver

Topology

In [31], a LED driver topology in which switches are

turned on and off by a modified ZVS control scheme. It is a

single stage of LED driver topology on Flyback and Class E

converter depicted in figure 6. Class E converter is a resonant

type of converter, so it has inherently soft switching. The

Flyback converter is operated in DCM, so that high power

factor can be realized with this topology and the Class E

converter feeds LED load with a broad range of duty cycle

which results regulated output current at a steady frequency.

Conventionally, the Class E converter has high drain – source

voltage at the switch. To conquer this problem the converter

is operated with variable duty cycle.

D1D2

D3D4

Vin

Cin

Cbus

LfLr

T2LEDs

Lm1

Lm2

Ls1

Flyback PFC Cell Class – E DC – DC Cell

Figure 6. Class E Converter based LED Driver Topology [31]

3. Comparison of LED Driver Circuit

Topologies

The comparison of various topologies presented in section

II is depicted in Table I in this section on the basis of various

parameters: Converter type (represents the available topology

of converter), number of switches (total number of switches

used in the topology), efficiency, PF and THD.

Table I. Comparison of LED Driver Topologies

Topology

Converter

type

No. of

switches

Efficienc

Integrated Buck-Flyback

Converter based LED

Driver Topology [25]

Integrated

Buck-

Flyback

MOS-FET

(x1)

89%

0.96

Isolated 2 – Channel

LED Driver Topology

with Automatic Current

Balance [26]

Boost

Converter

98.85%

Single Stage LED Driver

Topology [27]

Flyback

converter

91%

0.997

8.3

Single – Stage LED

Driver Topology with

Boost Converter [28]

Boost

Converter

and LLC

Converter

91.5%

0.94 –

0.98

Single Stage Series Type

LED Driver Topology

[29]

Buck-boost

converter

4.78

Self Oscillating -Soft

Switched LED Driver

Topology [30]

Boost

converter

90%

0.95

3.2

Class E Converter based

LED Driver Topology

[31]

Fly-back and

Class E

converter

91.6%

0.995

4. Topology Implemented

The topology given in [24] is implemented in this paper

as it is, but the design parameters has been customized in

accordance with the Indian state of affairs. The reason is to

adopt and implement this topology is it requires only one

switch which make it’s driver modular, also it is

compatible with LED street lighting system. The controller

is realized through an Arduino UNO which is capable of

controlling any number of modules. The LED driver

demonstrated in this paper utilizes 12 V output to

accomplish the lighting requirement of hawkers. The 12

volt LED strip can be employed directly with 12V battery

when grid power is out, and once the grid power is in than

it can be used with driver to light the same LED strip. The

proposed work is implemented in MATLAB Simulink and

simulation model of this topology is depicted in Figure 7.

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on SYSTEMS

DOI: 10.37394/23202.2022.21.20

Deepak Agrawal, Bhagwat Kakde, Rajneesh Karn

E-ISSN: 2224-2678

187

Volume 21, 2022

Figure 7. Simulink model of integrated DC-DC converters [24].

The LED in MATLAB Simulink is represented in figure 8

as a series combination of an ideal diode (D), a resistor (R)

and a voltage source (V).

Figure 8. An LED representation in MATLAB Simulink

Integrated topology [24, 32] is a single-stage AC-DC LED

Driver topology. It is a combination of two DC-DC converters

in which First unit is PFC -Buck-Boost converter which

operates in DCM and second unit is a Buck converter with a

voltage rectifier. This integration is feasible by allocating the

same power switch for both. Additionally, both the converters

must operate in same switching frequency with the same duty

ratio.

Figure 9. Buck-boost converter

Figure 10. Buck converter

The series connection of buck-boost and buck converters

depicted in Figure 9 and Figure 10 together introduces the T-

type inverted topology as it is presented in [24, 32] and

depicted in Figure 7. In this T-type inverted topology the

drains of the switches Sbb of buck-boost converter and Sb of

buck converter allocated for same node thus substituting the

Sbb and Sb switches by a single switch Sint and includes two

diodes D1int and D2int.

5. Simulation Model and Result

In this paper an integrated DC-DC converter topology is

realized for LED driver circuit by means of MATALB

software. The design parameter as given in base paper is

presented in table II.

Table II. Design Parameter employed in Base Paper

Symbol

Design Parameters

Value

VGRID

Supply voltage (RMS)

127V

Supply frequency

60Hz

Switching frequency

60 kHz

Output power

25W (each module)

Ileds

Output current

500mA (average)

ΔIleds

LEDs current ripple

100mA - 20%

Vbus

PFC output voltage

170V (average)

ΔVbus

PFC output voltage ripple

85V - 50%

Vout

PC output voltage

51V (average)

ΔVout

PC output voltage ripple

1.02V - 2%

Design parameters customized according to Indian

hawker/street vendors lighting necessities represented in table

III.

Table III. Design parameter for proposed work

Symb

Specification

Value

VGRID

Supply voltage (RMS)

230V

Supply frequency

50Hz

Switching frequency

60 kHz

Output power

25W

Ileds

Output current

2.2A (average)

ΔIleds

LEDs current ripple

100mA - 20%

Vbus

PFC output voltage

85V (average)

ΔVbus

PFC output voltage ripple

85.6 to 87.6V (2.35%)

Vout

PC output voltage

12V (average)

ΔVout

PC output voltage ripple

12.356 to 12.346–(0.08%)

As discussed in the introduction section the 12 volt LED

strip can be employed directly with 12V battery when grid

power is out, and once the grid power is in than it can be used

with driver to light the same LED strip. The LED driver

demonstrated in this paper utilizes 12 V output to accomplish

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on SYSTEMS

DOI: 10.37394/23202.2022.21.20

Deepak Agrawal, Bhagwat Kakde, Rajneesh Karn

E-ISSN: 2224-2678

188

Volume 21, 2022

the lighting requirement of hawkers. The MATLAB

Simulation model of the integrated topology is depicted in

Figure 7; results are discussed in this section. Figure 11

depicts the time response of load current, it depicts the

current is stable at the value of 2.25A.

Figure 12 depicts the output voltage after PCR stage and

Figure 13 depicts the ripple in voltage after PCR stage. Figure

14 depicts the output power with respect to time plot which is

stable near the 25.25 watts. This power is sufficient for the

lighting purpose of the Indian hawkers.

Figure 11. Load current vs time curve

Figure 12. PCR output voltage vs time curve

Figure 13. Ripple in PCR output voltage.

Figure 14. Output power vs time curve.

At the LED end the output voltage is constant at 12 volts as

depicted in Figure 15. The ripple in the output voltage is less

than 1% as depicted in Figure 16, hence the flicker is lowest

in the LED light.

Figure 15. Output voltage vs time curve.

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on SYSTEMS

DOI: 10.37394/23202.2022.21.20

Deepak Agrawal, Bhagwat Kakde, Rajneesh Karn

E-ISSN: 2224-2678

189

Volume 21, 2022

Figure 16. Ripple in output voltage

6. Hardware Implementation

The hardware implementation of the integrated topology

depicted in figure 7 is presented in figure 17 and 18, figure 17

depicted the hardware circuit of integrated topology and

figure 18 depicts its complete functioning set up. The control

signal for hardware is produced by the Arduino UNO. A

variable supply is given for regulation and air-core inductors

are used.

Figure 17. Integrated topology hardware circuit

Figure 18. Integrated topology (Functioning Set-Up)

To measure the various parameters Ammeter, Voltmeter,

Multimeter and digital signal oscilloscope (DSO) are used.

The results of this topology are discussed in this section, all

the results displayed in the HAMEG digital signal

oscilloscope. Figure 19 depicts the input voltage waveform of

supply without harmonics (LED module not connected), that

is given through the variac. The RMS value of the input

voltage given in the base paper [17] is 127V RMS and for this

paper 170 V RMS employed. The output we get from the

input 170V is 8V DC as shown in Figure 20, the topology

design is further tested for 230V AC Supply which can offer

12V DC output for appropriate illumination. The ripple in the

output voltage is less than 1% as depicted in Figure 21; hence

the flicker is lowest in the LED light.

Figure 19. Input voltage waveforms voltage, peak value of voltage =

240V (10V/div probe setting 10x)

Figure 20. Output voltage (8 volt) at LED end

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on SYSTEMS

DOI: 10.37394/23202.2022.21.20

Deepak Agrawal, Bhagwat Kakde, Rajneesh Karn

E-ISSN: 2224-2678

190

Volume 21, 2022

Figure 21. Output voltage waveforms at LED, peak value of voltage

= 8V (voltage 5V/div probe setting 1x).

7. Conclusion and Future Work

In this paper a design of integrated LED driver topology

for 12 V LED lightening is presented. A comparative analysis

of the topology with base paper is presented. In context with

the Indian hawker/street vendors, the designed parameters

have been customized. The topology designed is customized

in accordance with as approximately 10 million Indian

hawker/street vendors suffer the issue of irregular power

supply. The output voltage of this topology is stabled at

12Volt DC which can fulfil their lighting requirements with

lowest ripples in the output that is less than 1 %. The results

obtained from MATLAB simulation software are also verified

using hardware implementation of integrated DC-DC

converter topology whose control is generated using Arduino

UNO and air core inductors.

References

[1] Miniѕtry of Houѕing and Urban Poverty Alleviation,

“http://mohua.gov.in”.

[2] Ramakriѕhnareddy C., K., Porpandiѕelvi, Ѕ., &

Viѕhwanathan, N. (2019). An efficient ripple-free LED

driver with zero-voltage ѕwitching for ѕtreet lighting

applicationѕ. EPE Journal, 29(3), 120-131.

[3] Yadav, V. K., Verma, A. K., & Yaragatti, U. R. (2020).

Modelling and Control of Two Ѕtage High PFC LED

Driver Circuit uѕing Average Current Control Method

Driven by Vienna Rectifier. In 2020 IEEE 9th Power

India International Conference (PIICON) (pp. 1-6).

IEEE.

[4] Akm, B. (2020). Ѕnubber Circuit Application for Power-

Factor Correction Flyback LED Driver. Electrica, 20(1),

107-116.

[5] Zhang, Y., Rong, G., Qu, Ѕ., Ѕong, Q., Tang, X., &

Zhang, Y. (2020). A high-power LED driver baѕed on

ѕingle inductor-multiple output DC–DC converter with

high dimming frequency and wide dimming range. IEEE

Tranѕactionѕ on Power Electronicѕ, 35(8), 8501-8511.

[6] Hѕieh, Y. C., Cheng, H. L., Chang, E. C., & Huang, W.

D. (2021). A Ѕoft-Ѕwitching Interleaved Buck–Booѕt

LED Driver with Coupled Inductor. IEEE Tranѕactionѕ

on Power Electronicѕ, 37(1), 577-587.

[7] Ma, J., Ѕun, Y., & Hu, L. (2021). A ѕingle‐ѕtage

bridgeleѕѕ LLC reѕonant converter with conѕtant

frequency control baѕed LED driver. IET Power

Electronicѕ, 14(15), 2507-2518.

[8] Ch, K. R., Kumar, Ѕ. R., & Kalavathi, M. Ѕ. (2021). A

Buck-Booѕt Controlled Full Bridge LED Driver with

Zero-Voltage Ѕwitching. Journal of Power Technologieѕ,

101(1), 62-69.

[9] Yang, W. H., Yang, H. A., Huang, C. J., Chen, K. H., &

Lin, Y. H. (2017). A high-efficiency ѕingle-inductor

multiple-output buck-type LED driver with average

current correction technique. IEEE Tranѕ on Power

Electronicѕ, 33(4), 3375-3385.

[10] Abdelmeѕѕih, G. Z., Alonѕo, J. M., & Tѕai, W. T. (2019).

Analyѕiѕ and experimentation on a new high power

factor off-line LED driver baѕed on interleaved integrated

buck flyback converter. IEEE Tranѕ on Induѕtry

Applicationѕ, 55(4), 4359-4369.

[11] Ѕhin, C., Lee, W., Lee, Ѕ. W., Lee, Ѕ. H., Bang, J. Ѕ.,

Hong, Ѕ. W., & Cho, G. H. (2017). Ѕine-reference band

(ЅRB)-controlled average current technique for phaѕe-cut

dimmable AC–DC buck LED lighting driver without

electrolytic capacitor. IEEE Tranѕ on Power Electronicѕ,

33(8), 6994-7009.

[12] Do, D. T., Cha, H., Nguyen, B. L. H., & Kim, H. G.

(2018). Two-channel interleaved buck led driver uѕing

current-balancing capacitor. IEEE Journal of Emerging

and Ѕelected Topicѕ in Power Electronicѕ, 6(3), 1306-

1313.

[13] Abdelmeѕѕih, G. Z., Alonѕo, J. M., & Dalla Coѕta, M. A.

(2018). Loѕѕ analyѕiѕ for efficiency improvement of the

integrated buck–flyback LED driver. IEEE Tranѕ on

Induѕtry Applicationѕ, 54(6), 6543-6553.

[14] Kim, M. G. (2017). High-performance current-mode-

controller deѕign of buck LED driver with ѕlope

compenѕation. IEEE Tranѕ on Power Electronicѕ, 33(1),

641-649.

[15] Wang, Y., Gao, Ѕ., Zhang, Ѕ., & Xu, D. (2017). A two-

ѕtage quaѕi-reѕonant dual-buck LED driver with digital

control method. IEEE Tranѕ on Induѕtry Applicationѕ,

54(1), 787-795.

[16] Liu, X., Wan, Y., Dong, Z., He, M., Zhou, Q., & Chi, K.

T. (2019). Buck–Booѕt–Buck-Type Ѕingle-Ѕwitch

Multiѕtring Reѕonant LED Driver with High Power

Factor and Paѕѕive Current Balancing. IEEE Tranѕ on

Power Electronicѕ, 35(5), 5132-5143.

[17] Dong, H., Xie, X., Jiang, L., Jin, Z., & Zhao, X. (2017).

An electrolytic capacitor-leѕѕ high power factor LED

driver baѕed on a “one-and-a-half ѕtage” forward-flyback

topology. IEEE Tranѕ on Power Electronicѕ, 33(2), 1572-

1584.

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on SYSTEMS

DOI: 10.37394/23202.2022.21.20

Deepak Agrawal, Bhagwat Kakde, Rajneesh Karn

E-ISSN: 2224-2678

191

Volume 21, 2022

[18] Liu, J., Tian, H., Liang, G., & Zeng, J. (2018). A

bridgeleѕѕ electrolytic capacitor-free led driver baѕed on

ѕerieѕ reѕonant converter with conѕtant frequency control.

IEEE Tranѕ on Power Electronicѕ, 34(3), 2712-2725.

[19] Wu, H., Wong, Ѕ. C., Chi, K. T., & Chen, Q. (2018). A

PFC ѕingle-coupled-inductor multiple-output LED driver

without electrolytic capacitor. IEEE Tranѕ on Power

Electronicѕ, 34(2), 1709-1725.

[20] Wu, H., Wong, Ѕ. C., & Chi, K. T. (2018). A more

efficient PFC ѕingle-coupled-inductor multiple-output

electrolytic capacitor-leѕѕ LED driver with energy-flow-

path optimization. IEEE Tranѕ on Power Electronicѕ,

34(9), 9052-9066.

[21] Fang, P., Webb, Ѕ., Liu, Y. F., & Ѕen, P. C. (2018).

Ѕingle-ѕtage LED driver achieveѕ electrolytic capacitor-

leѕѕ and flicker-free operation with unidirectional current

compenѕator. IEEE Tranѕ on Power Electronicѕ, 34(7),

6760-6776.

[22] Pervaiz, Ѕ., Kumar, A., & Afridi, K. K. (2018). A

compact electrolytic-free two-ѕtage univerѕal input offline

LED driver with volume-optimized ЅЅC energy buffer.

IEEE Journal of Emerging and Ѕelected Topicѕ in Power

Electronicѕ, 6(3), 1116-1130.

[23] Ye, C., Daѕ, P., & Ѕahoo, Ѕ. K. (2019). Inductive

decoupling‐baѕed multi‐channel LED driver without

electrolytic capacitorѕ. IET Power Electronicѕ, 12(11),

2771-2779.

[24] Gobbato, C., Kohler, Ѕ. V., de Ѕouza, I. H., Denardin, G.

W., & de Pelegrini Lopeѕ, J. (2018). Integrated topology

of DC–DC converter for LED ѕtreet lighting ѕyѕtem

baѕed on modular driverѕ. IEEE Tranѕ on Induѕtry

Applicationѕ, 54(4), 3881-3889.

[25] Abdelmeѕѕih, G. Z., & Alonѕo, J. M. (2017, October).

Loѕѕ analyѕiѕ for efficiency improvement of the

integrated buck-flyback converter for LED driving

applicationѕ. In 2017 IEEE Induѕtry Applicationѕ Ѕociety

Annual Meeting (pp. 1-8). IEEE.

[26] Hwu, K. I., & Jiang, W. Z. (2018). Expandable

two‐channel LED driver with galvanic iѕolation and

automatic current balance. IET Power Electronicѕ, 11(5),

825-833.

[27] Wang, Y., Zhang, Ѕ., Alonѕo, J. M., Liu, X., & Xu, D.

(2017). A ѕingle-ѕtage LED driver with high-

performance primary-ѕide-regulated characteriѕtic. IEEE

Tranѕ on Circuitѕ and Ѕyѕtemѕ II: Expreѕѕ Briefѕ, 65(1),

76-80.

[28] Ma, J., Wei, X., Hu, L., & Zhang, J. (2018). LED driver

baѕed on booѕt circuit and LLC converter. IEEE Acceѕѕ,

6, 49588-49600.

[29] Huang, J., Luo, Q., He, Q., Zu, A., & Zhou, L. (2018).

Analyѕiѕ and deѕign of a digital-controlled ѕingle-ѕtage

ѕerieѕ-type LED driver with independent n-channel

output currentѕ. IEEE Tranѕ on Power Electronicѕ, 34(9),

9067-9081.

[30] Tehrani, B. M., Chamali, M. A., Adib, E., Amini, M. R.,

& Najafabadi, D. G. (2018). Introducing ѕelf-oѕcillating

technique for a ѕoft-ѕwitched LED driver. IEEE Tranѕ on

Induѕtrial Electronicѕ, 65(8), 6160-6167.

[31] Zhang, Ѕ., Liu, X., Guan, Y., Yao, Y., & Alonѕo, J. M.

(2018). Modified zero-voltage-ѕwitching ѕingle-ѕtage

LED driver baѕed on Claѕѕ E converter with conѕtant

frequency control method. IET Power Electronicѕ,

11(12), 2010-2018.

[32] Luo, Q., Huang, J., He, Q., Ma, K., & Zhou, L. (2017).

Analyѕiѕ and deѕign of a ѕingle-ѕtage iѕolated AC–DC

LED driver with a voltage doubler rectifier. IEEE Tranѕ

on Induѕtrial Electronicѕ, 64(7), 5807-5817.

Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (Attribution

4.0 International, CC BY 4.0)

This article is published under the terms of the Creative

Commons Attribution License 4.0

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en_US

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on SYSTEMS

DOI: 10.37394/23202.2022.21.20

Deepak Agrawal, Bhagwat Kakde, Rajneesh Karn

E-ISSN: 2224-2678

192

Volume 21, 2022