Power Quality Gain of Self-Lift Luo Converter used for Hybrid

Renewable Power System with Battery Grid Integration

E. RAJENDRAN, V. SURESH, V. K. DINESH PRABU, M. KARUNAKARAN

1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,

S. K .P. Engineering College, Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu,

INDIA

Abstract: - The renewable power sources such as wind as well as photovoltaic (PV) energy are fashionable for

residential and commercial applications. For the reason, that eco friendlessness plus expenditure are effective.

This paper intends a Self-Lift Luo converter integrated with solar photovoltaic system to the utility grid along

with its Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) control

strategies are proposed. By achieve an energy management for the proposed system using Bidirectional Battery

converter along with battery system. Power supervision move towards is suggested to control the DC bus

voltage by way of Self-Lift Luo converter. The wind power with Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)

based grid integration with a PI controller. Under this work, DSTATCOM has been used to improve the quality

of power under different load conditions. The obtained results designate that the proposed approach delivers

recovered performance with enhanced efficiency and nominal harmonics. The intact system is validated

through a MATLAB simulation.

Key-Words: - Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Doubly

Fed Induction Generator (DFIG), Photovoltaic (PV), Storage System (ESS), Voltage Source

Inverter (VSI).

Received: April 15, 2023. Revised: November 2, 2023. Accepted: December 2, 2023. Published: December 31, 2023.

1 Introduction

In the early time of power transmission due to

reactive control unbalances, the problems

comparable to voltage deviation during load

changes as well as power transfer limitation are

observed. The widely held of the AC loads are

consuming reactive control due to the occurrence of

reactance. The power value is getting reduced due

to serious utilization of reactive power. The growth

of power semiconductors devices (GTO and IGBT)

allowed modern power electronic configurations to

be introduced to the responsibilities of power

transmission and load flow control. In excess of the

transmission parameters, the FACTS devices

suggest a fast and dependable control. The widely

used custom power devices are IPC, TCPST, DVR,

UPFC, TCSC, SVC, STATCOM, and

DSTATCOM. In the centre of them DSTATCOM

is very well known and can provide price valuable

clarification for the reparation of reactive power as

well as unbalance loading in distribution system.

Here the DSTATCOM competent to inject a

current into the system to correct the power factor

along with reactive power compensation and

harmonics lessening.

This message proposes a technique for

choosing the trade-off orientation value of the DC-

side voltage of a D-STATCOM to decrease the

switching losses moreover the harmonic content of

its output current without compromising its lively

performance, [1]. The increasing saturation of

distributed production as well as regular power

loads complicates the trade for the electric utilities

on the way to deliver high-quality electrical power.

Conventionally, electrical energy source converters

supply Power Quality compensation; the strength

of character of these converters. However, the

huge electrolytic capacitors (e-caps), which that

contain well-known not success rate, [2]. The

algorithm shows high lively performance to

organizing the CHB STATCOM with several

numbers of cells. Here, FCS-MPC needs high

sampling frequency to make certain good control

act, because of unpredictable switching frequency,

requiring an often unnecessary computational time,

[3]. The changed case studies are planned to make

known the hardiness of the obtainable ASFC on

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on POWER SYSTEMS

DOI: 10.37394/232016.2023.18.48

E. Rajendran, V. Suresh, V. K. Dinesh Prabu, M. Karunakaran

E-ISSN: 2224-350X

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harmonic mitigation, active voltage stabilization,

and reactive power recompense in addition to

power factor development considering the variety

of RESs such as variations of wind speed, solar PV

irradiation along with provisional fault situation,

[4].

The DVS systems capitalize on the active

power sustain from PV units subsequent an

unforeseen event make use of the maximum

permissible current of the PV inverters.

Additionally, the inverter plan margin is taken into

description in designing the proposed idea to limit

the injected grid current contained by the maximum

acceptable inverter current, [5]. Surveys on the

combined achieve of Voltage Source Converter

(VSC)-based sources along with synchronous

condensers in grid unbalanced fault. VSC is suffers

from high switching losses as it normally requires a

high switching frequency to function, [6]. The

entire signals in the closed-loop plan are certain to

be semi-globally surrounded, along with the

productivity of the system converges to a little

neighbourhood of the source, [7]. The accurate

strength of the closed-loop arrangement with the

earlier period control method is reputable in mild

assumptions, and it is demonstrated that the relative

position and the virtual attitude converge to a tiny

locality of nought, [8].

The multiple powers interactive power system

through power quality perfection function to

moderate the unreliability of power supply. It gets

better power value of power supply used for load.

The Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is

comparatively high, [9]. The model outcome is

incompatible with the abstract analysis in PV

balanced case. The presence of ripple current in

night operation is high comparatively, [10]. The

system’s performance is huge in unusual

functioning conditions. It is not tested in noisy

environments. It has an upper sum of THD

comparatively, [11]. An innovative PWM clamping

strategy to put into practice the zero sequence

voltage calculation in the converter. It helps in the

line voltage by way of active and reactive power

swap in the grid through situation fault condition.

PV has unevenly distributed solar irradiance, [12].

The D-STATCOM becomes an option device for

civilizing the power quality of the MG is

customized to be self-tuned along with more

valuable.Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is high

reasonably, [13]. A new PWM approach based on

state changeover for cascaded H-Bridge inverter by

way of unbalanced DC sources to reach high

quality line-to-line output voltages. In additionally,

to capitalize the linear modulation ranges. The

control capacity of Power Control Algorithm

(PCA) will reduce when the modulation index is

unmitigated, [14].

An intentional applies of a Static Synchronous

Compensator (STATCOM) for provided that active

reactive power management of a hot rolling mill

plant along by way of active alleviation of

harmonics is proposed. The topology chosen for the

converter did not fine the possible of the control

algorithm, [15]. The MCCF is carrying out to

eliminate the voltage harmonics beginning

decidedly polluted grid voltages. It is not tested in

noisy environments, [16]. Based on the above

mentioned survey, the proposed Self-lift Luo

converter through Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference

System (ANFIS) algorithm used PV system and PI

controller-based wind power systems as well as

RNN controller based VSI system are integrated

with grid network. The voltage and supplying the

reactive power, power quality issues are overcome

for grid. The role of the manuscript is mentioned

below:

• To extract maximum power from PV system

using Self-lift Luo converter with MPPT Neuro

Fuzzy Logic algorithm.

• To achieve high gain output DC voltage with

Proposed MPPT and Self Lift Luo converter.

• To achieve energy management for the

proposed system using Bidirectional Battery

converter along with battery system.

• To achieve the grid synchronization using D-Q

theory and RNN controller.

• To demonstrate the characteristics of the PV

along with Wind and the battery systems is

analysed using MATLAB Simulink

environment and experimental model.

2 Materials and Methods

In this proposed system implementing a recent DC-

DC multi-source converter construction supported

grid-interactive microgrid consists of Photovoltaic

(PV), wind and Energy Storage System (ESS), and

Self-Lift Luo converter is proposed as shown in

Figure 1. The intended system design makes use of

solar and wind power, as well as batteries for an

efficient storage system. The grid synchronization

of renewable energy source applications like PV

source is performed. The PV voltage is partial by

the impacts of climate variations including

irradiation and temperature.

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DOI: 10.37394/232016.2023.18.48

E. Rajendran, V. Suresh, V. K. Dinesh Prabu, M. Karunakaran

E-ISSN: 2224-350X

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Fig. 1: Proposed System Block Diagram

The aim of PV array to produces maximum

power, whereas the converter power is to grid

coordinated. Here, SELF-LIFT LUO converter, an

ANFIS MPPT regulator is connected to follow the

maximum power near evaluating the current via

voltage obtained from the PV array. This situation

is voltage if not duty cycle for similar the power to

immediate power point tracking. The MPPT

checker exploits ANFIS along by way of non-linear

moreover varies with accordance with time. A

DFIG based Wind energy conversion provides the

necessary DC supply through a PWM rectifier. To

achieve energy management for the proposed

system is uses using Bidirectional Battery converter

along with battery system. The optimal DC voltage

extracted from the PV panel via ANFIS MPPT is

injected into a proposed converter, which helps to

manage the DC voltage. A power output obtained

from a PV panel with self-lift Luo converter and

WECS PWM rectifier outputs are added and fed

into the three phases Voltage Source Inverter

(VSI). The inverter output is injected to the grid

after proper synchronization process. When the

RNN controller is implemented to retain the

unvarying voltage of the DC link and increase the

grid’s performance. The PWM pulse generator is

working in this study to generate the proper PWM

pulses. The harmonic present in VSI is rectified

using LC filter, in that way the real and reactive

power has been safely injected into the grid.

2.1 Solar Power with Analysis of Self Lift

Luo Converter

Fig. 2: Self Lift Luo Converter Diagram

The Self Lift Luo converter is shown in Figure

2. In this path, S is the power switch down with D

is the freewheeling diode. Here, the energy storage

submissive elements are inductors L1, L2 along by

way of capacitors C1, C0, and R be the load

resistance. To consider the process of the Self Lift

Luo converter, the circuit can be divided keen on

two modes. While the switch is ON, the inductor L1

is charged through the solar panel supply voltage

Vpv. At the same time, the inductor L2 absorbs the

energy from source moreover the capacitor C1.

When the load is supply via the capacitor C0.

During switch is in OFF state, the current is drawn

from the source befall zero. The inductor current

iL1 flows during the freewheeling diode towards

charge the capacitor C1. The current iL2 flows

through C0 –R circuit as well as the freewheeling

diode D to continue it. If adding together additional

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DOI: 10.37394/232016.2023.18.48

E. Rajendran, V. Suresh, V. K. Dinesh Prabu, M. Karunakaran

E-ISSN: 2224-350X

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filter components parallel to inductor and capacitor

to decrease the harmonic levels of the output

voltage.

Here inductor current is i𝐿2:

iL2 = 1 − α

αiL1 (1)

Switch duty cycle:

α=Ton

T (2)

Output voltage is,

Vo =α

1 − αVpv (3)

Standard Voltage crosswise the capacitor C1 is:

Vc1 =α

1 − αVpv (4)

Peak to peak inductor current is:

VTL1 = 1αTVpv

L1 (5)

Equation (5) inductor L1 value is:

L1 =αTVpv

ΔiL1 (6)

Peak to peak inductor current L2 is:

ΔiL2 = αVpv

L2 (7)

Equation (7) inductor L2 value is:

L2 =αTVpv

ΔiL2 (8)

The charging on this series capacitor (C1)

increases all through off period by iL2 (=io) as well

as decreases through on period by iL1. The modify

in charge on C1 must be zero and Peak to peak

ripple voltage across the capacitor C1 is:

ΔVc1 =1 − α

c1 Ti1 (9)

Equation (9) C1 value is to find:

C1 =1 − α

ΔVc1 Ti2 (10)

2.2 ANFIS Supported MPPT

An innovative ANFIS support MPPT technique is

proposed to attain the highest power of the PV

module under changing the typical weather

conditions. The planned input variables are the PV

voltage (Vpv) as well as PV current (Ipv) in

totalling to the PV cell temperature (Tpv). The

unpredictable is the duty cycle, which is used to

control the DC-DC switched Self Lift Luo

converter to order to preserve tracking maximum

power. As the modelling of the conservative FLC is

support on trial and error, the chance of obtaining

the finest recital is low. For that reason, obtaining

membership functions as well as fuzzy rules can be

done in ANFIS. The qualified data should be

collected initially. To attain the qualified data, the

steps concerned are as follows,

 The scheme is to be under different solar

radiation in addition to temperature conditions.

 The data to be composed along with

manipulated using a MATLAB code, which

built for this utility to get the needed data.

 The manipulated data to be subsequently

shuffled. The results data are then filtered once

more to attain only the exclusive rows

surrounded by collecting data.

Fig. 3: ANFIS Model Structure

The current as well as power of the PV mode in

addition to the duty cycle relation of the converter

is obtained the outputs via ANFIS controller as

shown in Figure 3. The input labels give permission

the ANFIS for produce the converter command

which is further feed to the converter for ensuring

power modification.

2.3 RNN Supported Reference Current

Generation by 3-Phase Inverter

The improved tradition of non-linear loads to leads

distortions in current moreover voltage; conversely,

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DOI: 10.37394/232016.2023.18.48

E. Rajendran, V. Suresh, V. K. Dinesh Prabu, M. Karunakaran

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there be a number of methods to mitigate

harmonics. The insertion of incompatible

harmonics in the PCC (Point of Common

Coupling) is one of the expensive methods.

Intended for this, precise reference current

generation is needed in addition to this is talented

in this work near RNN. The plan of RNN is

specified in Figure 4.

Fig. 4: Structure of RNN

3 Simulation Result and Discussion

Fig. 5: Solar Output Voltage

Figure 5 shows the solar output voltage 68V.

To facilitate the 68V fed to the Self Lift Luo

Converter. Figure 6 shows the Self Lift Luo

Converter output voltage attains a maximum

voltage of 600V.

Fig. 6: Output voltage to the converter

Fig. 7: DFIG output voltage

Fig. 8: PWM Rectifier Output Voltage

Figure 7 shows the DFIG based WECS output

voltage of the proposed system, the Voltage value

is attained 540 V AC. In this 540V AC convert to

the 600VDC using PWM rectifier as shown in

Figure 8. Figure 9 represents battery state of charge

which attained a value around 80%.

Fig. 9: Battery SOC Waveform

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E. Rajendran, V. Suresh, V. K. Dinesh Prabu, M. Karunakaran

E-ISSN: 2224-350X

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Fig. 10: Battery Current

Fig. 11: Battery Voltage

Figure 10 and Figure 11 represent the

waveforms for battery current and voltage

parameter.

Fig. 12: Grid Voltage

Fig. 13: Grid Current

Figure 12 and Figure 13 illustrate that the grid

voltage as well as grid current of the statcom

inverter. Mutually the grid voltage moreover grid

current are stable and steady without being affected

by any variations. The voltage and current

magnitude of 300V and 10A is observed. Figure 14

represents the total harmonic distortion. The grid

current THD obtained with the proposed work is

1.24%, as can be seen from the graph.

Fig. 14: Total Harmonics Distortion

4 Conclusion

In this document, a professional way of flexible

voltage stability moreover justifying harmonics is

addressed by using a PV fed DSTATCOM. The

DSTATCOM is essentially shunt connected, which

is provide reactive power recompense as well as

voltage stability. The DC-DC converters is

integrated with PV systems and self-lift LUO

converter has been utilized in this document, along

with ANFIS MPPT for tracking the maximum

power beginning the PV, along by way of dc-link

voltage regulation. The energy supervision for the

proposed system is achieved using Bidirectional

Battery converter along with battery system. A

battery converter is included with the PV system

and WECS system to meet the growing power

demand in addition to provide an uninterruptible

supply to the system. The selected converter

provides well again efficiency moreover voltage-

gain ratio, as soon as compared with other

converters. The RNN supported in the making of

reference signal, therefore the harmonic is

minimized the method to be effectively mitigated.

The justification of the proposed work is conceded

out through MATLAB simulation.

Acknowledgement:

I (Dr.E.Rajendran) would express my sincere

gratitude to my beloved Chairman

Er.K.Karunanithi for his kind inspiration and

supporting in addition to providing necessary

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infrastructure for completion of this project and

research work. I would express my sincere

gratitude to my beloved CEO Dr.R.Sakthi

Krishnan for his kind stimulation and supported to

me. I wish my gratitude to my beloved Principal

Dr.S.Baskaran and Head of the Department

Dr.R.Sridevi for providing us an opportunity to do

the project work. I would like to express my hearty

appreciation to My Parents Mr.P. Elumalai,

Mrs.E.Rukkumani and My Beloved Wife

Dr.R.Vijaya Lakshmi, B.S.M.S., and My

Sweetheart Sons Mr.R.Renu Prasaath and

Mr.R.Sriram. Finally my corresponding authors

grateful to Mr.V.Suresh, Mr.V.K.Dinesh Prabu,

and Mr.M.karunakaran for supporting regularly.

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DOI: 10.37394/232016.2023.18.48

E. Rajendran, V. Suresh, V. K. Dinesh Prabu, M. Karunakaran

E-ISSN: 2224-350X

487

Volume 18, 2023

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Contribution of Individual Authors to the

Creation of a Scientific Article (Ghostwriting

Policy)

The authors equally contributed in the present

research, at all stages from the formulation of the

problem to the final findings and solution.

Sources of Funding for Research Presented in a

Scientific Article or Scientific Article Itself

No funding was received for conducting this study.

Conflict of Interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

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DOI: 10.37394/232016.2023.18.48

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E-ISSN: 2224-350X

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