Optimized Electrical Machine Operation Scheduling using
Classification Learning
SAURABH DHYANI1, SUMIT KUMAR2*, MAYA P. SHELKE3, SUDHANSHU S. GONGE4,
P. S. G. ARUNA SRI5
1Department of USCS,
Uttaranchal University,
Premnagar, Dehradun,
INDIA
2Department of Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning,
COER University,
Roorkee,
INDIA
3PCET's Pimprihu Chinchwad College of Engineering,
Pune,
INDIA
4Department of Computer Science & Engineering,
Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International (Deemed University),
Pune,
INDIA
5Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation,
Vaddeswaram, Guntur,
INDIA
*Corresponding Author
Abstract: - Scheduling electrical machines based on consumer demands improves the efficiency of the purpose
through flawless allocations. However, due to peak utilization and maximum run-time of the machines, the
chances of schedule mismatch and overlapping are common in large production scales. In this paper, an
Operation Scheduling process (OSP) using Classification Learning (CL) is proposed. The proposed process
classifies operation schedules based on overlapping and mismatching intervals post-output completion. The
classification is performed using interval stoppage and re-scheduling performed between successive completion
intervals. This is required to improve the output success rate for simultaneous machine operations. Therefore
the scheduling is improved regardless of distinct tasks allocated with better outcomes.
Key-Words: - Classification Learning, Electrical Machines, Operation Scheduling Process, Overlapping,
intervals, schedule mismatch, interval stoppage, re-scheduling.
Received: November 19, 2022. Revised: November 21, 2023. Accepted: December 22, 2023. Published:
December 31, 202 3.
1 Introduction
Electrical machine operation scheduling is a process
that schedules the resources based on purpose and
activities. Electrical machine scheduling is mainly
used to improve the quality of service (QoS) range
of the machines, [1]. A maintenance record-based
scheduling approach is commonly used in electrical
machines. The actual mismatch circuits and normal
frequency range of nodes are evaluated for the
scheduling process, [2]. The scheduling approach
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on POWER SYSTEMS
DOI: 10.37394/232016.2023.18.34
Saurabh Dhyani, Sumit Kumar, Maya P. Shelke,
Sudhanshu S. Gonge, P. S. G. Aruna Sri
E-ISSN: 2224-350X
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schedules the process based on operations and
functions. The scheduling approach increases the
performance range of electrical machines which
reduces the complexity of the computation process,
[3], [4].
Electrical machine scheduling is also used for the
failure reduction process in electrical machines, [5].
A deep learning-driven scheduling algorithm is used
in the electrical machine to reduce the tardiness and
difficulty level. The scheduling algorithm uses a
polynomial-time estimator which estimates the
criterion values for the scheduling process, [6]. The
scheduling algorithm trains the datasets which are
gathered from records that reduce the latency in
further processes. The scheduling algorithm
improves the significance and feasibility level of the
electrical machine scheduling process, [7], [8]. The
contributions are listed below:
Designing an operation scheduling process for
improving the efficiency of electrical machines
through flawless task allocations.
Classifying overlapping and mismatching
scheduling intervals to prevent uninterrupted
stoppages in distinct operation processes.
Performing a comparative analysis using distinct
metrics and external data with different variations
and methods.
2 Related Works
The study, [9], introduced a new energy-efficient
production scheduling for preventive maintenance.
The introduced strategy is commonly used during
the machine on/off control and maintenance process.
The main rule in scheduling is to identify the exact
purpose of the process and analyze the available
resources. Heuristics are used in the method which
maintains the activities of the machines. The
introduced scheduling strategy improves the
performance range of maintenance systems.
The study, [10], proposed a local-based method
for scheduling in a parallel machine environment. A
hybrid meta-heuristic is developed here to improve
the accuracy of the scheduling process. An iterative
local search (ILC) method is used in the method to
search the issues in machines. The ILC method
minimizes the tardiness level of parallel machines
which increases the feasibility level of the machines.
The proposed scheduling method improves the
significance level in the search process.
The study, [11], designed pre-emptive
scheduling with fractional precedence constraints
for unrelated machines. The designed method is
used as a scheduling algorithm that schedules the
resources based on the classes of the tasks. Both
significant and optimal conditions of the machines
are evaluated using maintenance records. The
designed method maximizes the approximation ratio
in the pre-emptive scheduling process.
The study, [12], proposed a bi-criteria parallel
batch machine scheduling. The main aim of the
method is to reduce the weighted tardiness of the
machines. A mixed integer linear programmer
(MILP) is implemented in the method to analyze the
special cases which are occurred in the machine. A
genetic algorithm (GA) is also used here to improve
the heuristic features in the scheduling process. The
proposed method also reduces the computational
cost ratio of the machines.
The study, [13], introduced a green power-aware
approach for task scheduling processes in multi-core
machines. The actual goal of the approach is to
schedule the tasks based on priorities and
characteristics. The introduced approach uses
renewable resources to perform tasks in the
machines which reduces the energy consumption
level in the computation process. The introduced
approach increases the performance and reliability
range of the machines.
The study, [14], designed new robust scheduling
using extreme learning machines (ELM) for flexible
job-shop problems (FJSP). The designed method is
mainly used to minimize the machine breakdown
ratio which improves the effectiveness level of the
systems. The ELM is used here to measure the
actual FJSP in machines that produce optimal
information for further processes. ELM evaluates
the robustness range of machines that create impact
over breakdowns.
Corrective maintenance (CM) and time-based
preventive maintenance (PM) are the most often
used maintenance approaches, according to, [15].
CM is a firefighting strategy that permits
uninterrupted equipment operation and reduces
maintenance actions when a machine breaks down.
To keep updated on the state of the machinery, the
least amount of resources and effort are needed,
[16]. The drawback is that if a major breakdown
occurs, expensive maintenance will be needed.
However, PM is a fundamental maintenance
strategy that is typically used in an industrial context
to improve equipment efficiency and simplify
production flow. The scheduled activities include
the maintenance tasks that need to be documented,
the amount of labor and materials needed, the time
needed to complete the task, and any additional
technical references about the equipment. The work
priorities, work orders, labor resource availability,
task completion times, and equipment and
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Saurabh Dhyani, Sumit Kumar, Maya P. Shelke,
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component planning are all taken into consideration
when organizing the activities, [16].
3 Operation Scheduling Process using
Classification Learning
In large-scale production surroundings, scheduling
electrical machines based on consumer demands is
necessary for developing efficaciousness in the
process. However, provocations such as peak
utilization and maximum run-time of machines
often result in schedule discrepancies and
overlapping, leading to decreased productivity. This
paper proposes an Operation Scheduling process
(OSP) that utilizes Classification Learning (CL) to
convey these obtained issues. The foremost
intention of the proposed system is to classify the
operation schedules based on overlapping and
mismatching intervals that occur after the
accomplishment of a task. This operation schedule
classification is achieved by integrating the interval
stoppage and re-scheduling between successive
process completion intervals. The OSP is illustrated
in Figure 1.
Fig. 1: Proposed OSP Illustration
Electrical machinery and drive systems are used
in a variety of circumstances and are important to
many sectors these days. Given the variety of
purposes for which electrical devices are employed,
operation is a critical concern. The electrical power
sector is always being reinvented. Energizing
production and storage techniques are always
evolving. The electricity markets are getting
stronger, and choices and policies pertaining to the
production and use of electric power have grown
more flexible. When electric vehicles and their
corresponding storage batteries proliferate, for
instance, the way the electrical power is used is
changing dramatically. Power consumption
optimization could become much more sophisticated
and detailed with the introduction of the concept of
smart energy utilization. The principle of proper
consumption of electricity in the context of easily
accessible real-time electricity rates is what that
would be interested in developing now. The term
real-charging enables consumers to more effectively
budget for and control their energy use. Severely,
there have been a few instances where energy costs
have been negative, which means that users get
compensated for using electricity;
The optimum load scheduling challenge and its
integration into an optimized electrical machine
system are the main topics of this work. Also
approach the optimal load scheduling system as a
supervised classification learning (CL) issue,
utilizing market values as features. Combining such
rules into effect in a scaled manner is feasible and
practicable, particularly for consumer households,
given how quickly Internet of Things (IoT)
technology and standards are developing. While
Classification learning has been applied extensively
to power price prediction, load scheduling issues
differentiate slightly in that the goal is optimization
over time rather than error. Since power markets
exist, different market pricing ought to provide the
most cost-effective "appropriate" characteristics that
serve as the foundation for our CL problem's
training and our energy-use decisions.
By determining and estimating these overlapping
and mismatching intervals, the proposed approach
focuses on enhancing the success rate of concurrent
machine operations and also enhances the overall
scheduling efficiency. The significant advantage of
this proposed approach is its capability to
manipulate the recognizable tasks distributed to
different machines. By productively controlling
overlapping and mismatching intervals, the
proposed system ensures that each task is
established efficiently without affecting the
performance of other operation schedules. This
results in enhanced operation scheduling outcomes
and effective utilization of available resources. By
classifying operation schedules based on
overlapping and mismatching intervals and
implementing interval stoppage and re-scheduling,
this approach enhances the success rate of
concomitant machine operations. Therefore this
leads to enhanced scheduling efficiency and
optimized resource allocation, providing increased
productivity in large-scale productions.
The electric machines are analyzed for further
scheduling processes. Based on the consumer
demands, the scheduling process is happening then
it is sent as the input to the classification procedures.
The analyzing process of the electric machines helps
in the understanding of the specific needs and then
the consumers’ requirements to effectively plan and
schedule the operations for further processes. This
process helps in determining the data based on
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Saurabh Dhyani, Sumit Kumar, Maya P. Shelke,
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consumer preference and also to estimate the
performance of the proposed system. Therefore,
consumer satisfaction is enhanced and the machines
are made according to the consumer expectations
without any issues. The process of analyzing the
electrical machines for the scheduling process is
explained by the following equation given below:
󰇛󰇜

󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜

 󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜

󰇛󰇜

󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜
󰇛󰇜

󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜
(1)
Where is denoted as the analyzing operation of
the electric machines, is represented as the
obtaining consumer expectations, is denoted as the
performance of the electric machines. Now the
scheduling process is happening after the electric
machines analyzing process. If there is overlapping
in the scheduling operation then there will be no
expected output. This scheduling process helps in
planning and optimizing the electrical machines to
meet the determined consumer demands. This
scheduling process ensures that the precise electric
machines are analyzed for the process according to
the user demand. This task includes identifying the
sequence of the tasks, allocating resources, and
defining timelines to ensure efficacious production.
The process of scheduling the operation is explained
by the following equation given below:
󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇛󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜

󰇭󰇛󰇜
󰇛󰇜
󰇛󰇜󰇮󰇭 󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜
󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜
󰇛󰇜 󰇮
 󰇛󰇜

󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜
󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜
 
󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜
󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜
(2)
Where is represented as the scheduling
procedure, is denoted as the operation of
allocating resources in the operation. Due to the
high utilization and increased run-time of the
machines, the chances of operation schedule
mismatch and overlapping are common in large
production scales. By using the proposed technique
OSP, the schedule mismatches are decreased and
then it is sent as the input for the further
classification process by using the classification
learning technique. This process is explained by the
following equation given below:

󰇛󰇜
󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜

󰇛󰇜
󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜
󰇛󰇜
󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜

󰇛󰇜
󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜

󰇛󰇜
󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜

󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜

󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜
 󰇛󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜


(3)
Where is represented as the occurred
overlapping in the scheduling process, is denoted
as the mismatches of the schedules. Now the
classification process is happening based on the
interval stoppage and re-scheduling of the
operations between successive completion intervals.
The overlapping schedule detection process is
illustrated in Figure 2.
The schedules are validated for the available
operations across various. Considering the 
across, the mismatching sequences of the
schedules are identified for  detection. The
resource allocations are confined for this process
based on  for which assimilations are performed
(Figure 2). The operation schedule is given as the
input for this classification process and thus
classification learning technique is used in this
operation. During the process of allocating the tasks,
if the operation is overlapped with one another then
the previous process is stopped to control any issues.
There internal storage occurs and this classification
process is happening to determine the reasons and
factors causing the interval stoppages. By
understanding the frequency of these stoppages, the
proposed system reduces them by enhancing overall
production efficiency.
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Fig. 2: Overlapping Schedule Detection
The process of determining the interval
stoppage by using the classification learning
technique in the classification process is explained
by the following equation given below:



󰇡
󰇢
󰇡

󰇢
󰇡
󰇢
󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜
(4)
Where is represented as the determination of
the interval stoppages by using the classification
learning method. Now the re-scheduling process is
happening in the classification process based on the
operation scheduling process. After determining the
reasons for the interval stoppages, the proposed
system is used to identify the issues and enhance the
production scales. This re-scheduling process in
classification operation involves making obtained
production plans to cope with the preventive
maintenance, enhance equipment reliability, and
also to improve the efficiency of the operation
schedule. A fundamental maintenance strategy
called preventive maintenance is typically used in
manufacturing settings to improve equipment
efficiency and optimize the workflow of production.
PM typically refers to a schedule with set time
frames that are completed on a daily, weekly,
monthly, or other prearranged basis. Performance
intervals are used to execute preventive tasks as
required. When using PM, maintenance tasks are
often planned and scheduled in accordance with the
specifications of the equipment and past failure data.
Planning an efficient maintenance program that
might be combined with production scheduling is
critical to PM's ability to create an effective and
reliable manufacturing system. Thus, intending to
prevent the failures that necessitate re-scheduling, it
is important that production planning and processes
for PM are executed in an integrated manner.
However, many issues emerge when PM is
implemented. Consider those instances where the
scheduling of manufacturing and PM management
intersect. Due to its significance in the
contemporary, strongly competitive conditions, the
integration of both fields is emphasized. This will
therefore result in further issues with the operating
system, including production flow, setup times,
downtime, waste generation, and equipment
deterioration. In printed-circuit manufacturing,
preventive maintenance (PM) scheduling is one of
the most challenging problems because of the
complexity of flexibility printed circuit fabrication
and infrastructure, the interdependency of PM
responsibilities, and the need to balance WIP (work-
in-progress) scheduling with demands for efficiency
and consumption. Following a review of the
problem's history, this part suggests PM planning
and rescheduling for flexible printed-circuit
fabrication.
This process helps in reducing downtime and
also enhances the overall productivity. The process
of re-scheduling the operations in the classification
process is explained by the following equation given
below:
󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜

󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜󰇟󰇠
󰇟󰇠

󰇛󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜

 󰇛󰇜
󰇛󰇜

󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜󰇟󰇠
󰇛󰇜
Where is represented as the re-scheduling
operation in the classification process. Now the
output is extracted after the classification process is
done. The classification process is required for the
improvement of the output success rate for
contemporaneous electrical machine operations. The
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re-allocation of the operations and then the new
allocations are done for the successive outcomes.
Fig. 3: Classification Process
This is done based on the interval stoppages and
then the re-scheduling processes in the classification
procedure which is done by using the learning
technique. This classification process is illustrated in
Figure 3.
The classification is performed for the varying
operation cycles to improve the non-rescheduling. In
the classification process, the deviations in
mismatches between the intervals (sequential) are
validated for preventing multiple distributions.
Therefore the reallocations are confined across
multiple operation intervals, preventing  (Refer to
Figure 3). Based on the scheduling information
provided in, [15], the maximum re-schedule/
machine for 10 intervals is tabulated in Table 1.
Table 1. Classification Analysis
Intervals
F
Machines
U %
Classification
1
0
3
5.36
152
2
1
2
4.17
187
3
1
5
7.14
148
4
2
10
15.41
89
5
0
13
16.54
35
6
3
9
10.23
121
7
2
8
9.65
98
8
1
12
12.36
45
9
0
14
19.3
18
10
1
10
15.41
32
In above Table 1, the  variations impact the 
directly for ensuring re-allocations. The re-
allocation process is validated under multiple
intervals for leveraging smooth operations. The
classifications under available machines are used for
improving the machine allocations. The resources
are allocated based on the classifications performed
such that is impacted based on  This operation
helps in determining the cause of the interval
stoppage and hence re-arranging the sequence of the
tasks happening to reduce the stoppages in the
process. The process of determining the output is
explained by the following equations given below:

󰇛󰇜󰇡
󰇛󰇜󰇢
󰇧󰇧
 󰇛󰇜󰇨󰇨
󰇛󰇜
󰇟󰇛󰇛󰇜󰇠


󰇣
 󰇛󰇜
󰇤
(6)
󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜

󰇟󰇠󰇟󰇛󰇜
󰇠
 󰇟󰇛󰇜󰇠
󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜
󰇛󰇜

󰇛󰇜
Where is represented as the re-allocation of the
operations, is represented as the new allocations.
This proposed method helps in determining the
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interval stoppages and their causes by using the
classification learning technique. This leads to
effective outcomes in the production of electrical
machines by minimizing disruptions. And also it
enhances the overall efficiency of the production by
considering the classification process outcome.
4 Results and Discussion
The results and discussion section presents a
comparative analysis discussion using scheduling
rate, stoppage intervals, classifications, and re-
scheduling metrics. The number of schedules and
data logs is varied for analyzing the above metrics.
Along the proposed OSP-CL, the existing
BCPBMS, [12], and FJSP-ELM, [14], are
augmented in this comparative analysis.
5 Scheduling Rate
Fig. 4: Scheduling Rate
The scheduling is efficacious in this process by
using the analyzing procedure of electrical machine
outputs. This scheduling process helps in planning
and optimizing the electrical machines to meet the
determined consumer demands. Based on consumer
demands, the scheduling process of the electrical
machines is happening for further classification
procedures. During the scheduling process, if there
is an overlapping of the operations then the expected
output will not be received. The scheduling rate is
presented in Figure 4.
6 Stoppage Intervals
The stoppage intervals (Figure 5) are reduced by
using the classification learning technique in the
classification process. The interval stoppages occur
during the overlapping of the operations in the task
allocation. While this overlapping occurs the
previous process is stopped to eliminate some other
issues. Their internal storage occurs and this
classification process is happening to determine the
reasons and factors causing the interval stoppages.
Fig. 5: Stoppage Intervals
7 Classifications
Fig. 6: Classifications
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The classification process (Figure 6) is
happening efficiently by using the classification
learning technique according to the outcome of the
operation scheduling procedures. The operation
scheduling is given as the input for this
classification process and thus classification
learning technique is used in this operation. This
process is done based on the interval stoppages and
re-scheduling between the successive completion
intervals. A classification process is required to
enhance the output success rate for simultaneous
machine operations.
8 Re-Scheduling
Fig. 7: Re-Scheduling
The re-scheduling (Figure 7) is efficacious in this
process with the aid of the classification process by
classification learning technique. This re-scheduling
process in classification operation involves making
obtained production plans to cope with the
preventive maintenance, enhance equipment
reliability, and also to improve the efficiency of the
operation schedule. This re-scheduling process helps
in establishing an effective outcome and also
reduces downtime by enhancing overall
productivity.
Several solutions may be applied and their
impact on maintenance operations evaluated based
on these observations, analyses, and benefits:
Electrical machines must receive complete
attention, and preventive maintenance must
be performed constantly because they have a
significant impact on the process's entire flow
and downtime cannot be allowed.
The preventive maintenance schedule must be
modified to remove non-critical machines.
The technicians have to find a balance
between maintenance and service work,
which takes time. Since the electrical
machines receive priority over non-critical
machines to ensure predictive and periodic
service can be performed, it makes sense to
eliminate the non-electrical machines' regular
maintenance to clear out more time for the
technicians to perform more significant tasks.
This demonstrates that the overall schedule may
be modified to exclude preventative maintenance for
electrical machines, allowing operators to have
fewer tasks to perform.
9 Conclusion
In this article, the operation scheduling process
using classification learning is introduced to
improve the task scheduling efficiency of electrical
machines. The proposed process classifies
overlapping and mismatching schedules across
various production scales to prevent unexpected
machine stoppages. Based on the classification
learning the interval stoppages and re-scheduling
instances are identified. Such identified instances
are prevented from handling flawless allocations for
increasing the actual scheduling rates. Thus the
proposed process is found to reduce the unexpected
stopping schedules by 7.89% and re-scheduling by
7.44% for the varying allocated task intervals. The
proposed approach is to demonstrate that, in contrast
to other classification learning techniques, the
application of preventive maintenance (PM) has
shown that, when performed properly, electrical
machine failure rates may be significantly
decreased. This reduces the downtime of crucial
machines, guaranteeing uninterrupted production.
It should be emphasized that this work does not
examine the influence of various parts of machinery
properties on machine state deterioration. One of
our future initiatives will involve expanding on the
suggested reinforcement learning approach and
solving dynamic re-scheduling and integrated
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on POWER SYSTEMS
DOI: 10.37394/232016.2023.18.34
Saurabh Dhyani, Sumit Kumar, Maya P. Shelke,
Sudhanshu S. Gonge, P. S. G. Aruna Sri
E-ISSN: 2224-350X
337
Volume 18, 2023
preventive maintenance in optimized electrical
machine systems while taking the influence of
electrical machine features on machine deterioration
into consideration.
The proposed approach is to demonstrate that, in
contrast to other classification learning techniques,
the application of preventive maintenance (PM) has
shown that, when performed properly, machine
failure rates may be significantly decreased. This
reduces the downtime of crucial machines,
guaranteeing uninterrupted production.
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WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on POWER SYSTEMS
DOI: 10.37394/232016.2023.18.34
Saurabh Dhyani, Sumit Kumar, Maya P. Shelke,
Sudhanshu S. Gonge, P. S. G. Aruna Sri
E-ISSN: 2224-350X
338
Volume 18, 2023
Contribution of Individual Authors to the
Creation of a Scientific Article (Ghostwriting
Policy)
The authors equally contributed in the present
research, at all stages from the formulation of the
problem to the final findings and solution.
Sources of Funding for Research Presented in a
Scientific Article or Scientific Article Itself
No funding was received for conducting this study.
Conflict of Interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
(Attribution 4.0 International, CC BY 4.0)
This article is published under the terms of the
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WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on POWER SYSTEMS
DOI: 10.37394/232016.2023.18.34
Saurabh Dhyani, Sumit Kumar, Maya P. Shelke,
Sudhanshu S. Gonge, P. S. G. Aruna Sri
E-ISSN: 2224-350X
339
Volume 18, 2023