Abstract: - Massive electric power distribution over long distances with consequential Power Quality (PQ)

challenges such as voltage sags and power losses are some of the significant attributes of a Radial Distribution

Network (RDN). Deployment of Power Angle Regulated (PAR) based Unified Power Quality Conditioner

(UPQC) in a distribution network is also securing attraction because of the latest recorded achievements and

improvements in Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) built power electronic systems. However, optimal allocation of

this kind of device to mitigate PQ problems remains a challenge for achieving set objectives. Consequently, this

study considers the best possible allocation of PAR and Improved-UPQC know as I-UPQC in the distribution

network to enhance power network performance. The identification of optimal location is achieved through the

presented. Imaginary power circulation enhanced the voltage-associated challenges at the range of 0.949 to

0.9977. Hence, power dissipation minimized to 1.15 percent compared to the initial 3.35 percent, according to

results of I-UPQC allocation in RDN utilizing mathematical and optimization technique. Additionally, the

network losses, voltage dip, and minimum bus voltage profile all fall within the regulatory standards of less

than 2%, 5%, and 5%, correspondingly. Also, the performance of the compensated network for both ordinary

and optimized scenarios indicated the fitness of the projected method in accomplishing an operational

optimization of RDN, specifically for voltage profile (VP) improvement and I-UPQC's series and shunt inverter

share imaginary power.

Key-Words: - Power Quality, Unified Power Quality Conditioner, Power Angle Control, Particle Swarm

The deficiency of imaginary power in grids results

in variability, which triggers voltage drop and

oscillation. Ameliorating imaginary power at an

optimal point would eliminate voltage instability

problems and substantially enhance the grid

because of transformer tap has a low range limits its

application (can result in voltage swings). Optimal

capacitor placement is determined in, [2], [3], and

this is achieved using a heuristic search-based

approach. Due to factors like controlling existing

ameliorators and the financial costs of removing

some absorbing loads, this method has gained less

support than the hypothetical power injection

hypothetical energy provided by the shunt

capacitors described in, [4], has an extremely poor

response time for unexpected varying loads.

method is used to allocate multi-objective capacitors

in distribution systems. Furthermore, another power

quality device is a flexible AC transmission system

(FACT), but they find their application in optimal

imaginary power amelioration in the LV distribution

network. A distribution static compensator

multi-dimensional FACT technology due to its

capacity to correct for a variety of PQ-related

factors, including voltage dips, overvoltage,

imbalance voltage, imaginary current, flashes, and

distortions, [7]. By injecting a monitored and

adjustable quadrature voltage simultaneously to

address under-voltage difficulties, the VSI linked in

series can produce real power and imaginary power,

[8]. The work done in [9] present a comparative

analysis of models of UPQC.

the possibility of the presence of this type of load in

RDN and the level of sensitivity required for its

protection, there is a need for the proper allocation

of I-UPQC in the larger network. I-UPQC can

produce imaginary power amelioration in a

distribution network, [11]. The use of such a method

enables the de-termination of the assignment

optimizing ameliorator, in which all grid variables

seem to be in their ideal state. In, [12], imaginary

Fig. 1: Basic block diagram of UPQC, [11]

Fig. 2: Evaluation of shunt and series amelioration

(a) under a voltage dip (b) at optimum conditions

This study presents detailed development of a multi-

objective framework that identifies the best site for

First Goal 1: Rating of I-UPQC (VA)

shunt VSI, respectively.

Second Goal 2: RDN power loss

Discover the new set of instructions;

Repetition =repetition+1;

Pseudocodes for the scheduling of fictitious power

at the substation, and the other bus were load (Q)

buses. The slack bus voltage was given as 1,0 p.u.

per unit. Three examine UPQC modes were tested

under methodologies scenario on three distinct

ratios of the highest voltage produced from the

%, 39.9 %, and 59.9 % in connection to dip/surge.

which considers most cases at 60% disruption. The

convergence provides the best spot for the I-UPQC's

inverters to effectively share imaginary power. The

test system's ability to improve reactive power is

also shown in Figure 4 as a result of a 60 %

injection. It is noted that the chosen approach gives

convergence of 0.151 in second scenario and 0.156

in first scenario at 59.9 % provided, during the 40th

iteration, case 3 converges at 0.148. This section

illustrates the distribution system for three sites

network for the best placements at 40% injection.

Also, Figure 5 displays a more accurate

Fig. 6: Analysis of convergence on 33 buses at a

single I-UPQC location with a 20 % injection

This section compares the GA-IPSO and UPQC best

allocation in the RDN to the other models for the

Similar to Figure 7, the test system FF for imaginary

power amelioration is evident due to 60% injection.

It should be noted that the selected approach yields

convergence of 0.1352 for second scenario and

0.147 for the first scenario of 60 % provided in

RDN over other models for three positions shown in

this segment. Case 3 converges at 0.139 at the 49th

iteration.

Fig. 7: Analysis convergence on 69 buses at a single

repetition evaluation for GA-IPSO at 25% superior

As shown in Figure 10 (a) and Figure (b), in that

order, the VA capability of I-UPQC when it is

situated correctly in 33 and 69 bus RDN. The VA

rating of the device installed in the ideal position

consistently demonstrates an improvement above

the results obtained using an analytical technique at

each network bus. Employing GA-IPSO, it was

determined that the busses 17 and 61 of the

networks were the optimum locations for PQ

enhancement in terms of sharing imaginary power

amid voltage dip, surge, and the decrease of power

circumstances, more reactive power amelioration is

required. However, Figure 10 (a) and Figure (b)

show the quantity of VA distributed by VSI linked

in series at different points in the two RDN. Given a

spike in the size of series injected voltage, the

Figures show that VSI linked in series gives better

amelioration.

case 2 have minimum capacities of 0.1 kVA and

0.070 kVA, respectively, due to imaginary capacity

the candidate buses where the least power loss was

observed owing to the I-UPQC connection.