Investigation of Hybrid Power System for Marine Applications
T. SASILATHA1, D. LAKSHMI1, J. K. VAIJAYANTHIMALA1, R. K. PADMASHINI1, S. PRIYA1,
J. PADMAPRIYA1, K. S. KAVITHA KUMARI2
1Department of EEE, AMET Deemed to be University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
2Department of EEE, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract – Today’s Marine industries are undergoing transformation because of rapid growth of advancement
in the field of automation. Shipping industries use hybrid propulsion systems to de-carbonize and orient the
path towards zero emission. The renewable energy supply (RES) is utilized by reducing the dependence on
imported conventional fossil fuels; greenhouse gas emissions produced by the usage of fossil fuels are reduced.
Renewable green energy is used to generate power at the distribution level. Energy sources are distributed
around the world. The utility's hybrid (wind/solar) power system has proven to be a reliable source of energy.
In this article, PV and wind (hybrid) power used for marine applications with the reduction of fuel consumption
is proposed. The hybrid buck boost converter used for regulating DC output voltage. A multi-level H bridge
inverter between DC-DC converter and load provides the load's ac voltage requirement in hybrid systems. For a
given output waveform quality, MLI topology provide lower THD and EMI output, higher efficiency and better
output waveform. In order to design a multilevel inverter, a cascaded H-Bridge structure was adopted. PWM
(Pulse Width Modulation) techniques enable the operation of Cascaded H Bridges to generate an approximate
sine wave output from a multilayer inverter. To improve the hybrid system's performance, output of converter
is supplied to the thirteen level H bridge inverter. This combination can maintain the appropriate voltage to load
ratio. Voltage profile is improved by using H-bridge multilevel inverter. The proposed framework is re-enacted
utilizing MATLAB/Simulink.
Key-words— Hybrid power system, DC/DC converter, Solar PV system, WECS, multi-level inverter, on board
ship, propeller, Total Harmonic Distortion.
Received: May 18, 2021. Revised: May 15, 2022. Accepted: June 18, 2022. Published: July 11, 2022.
1 Introduction
Issues over air quality and transport costs have
inspired opportunities for future research in a
variety of areas, primarily in the transportation
industry. The naval and maritime sectors have
taken massive steps to reduce airborne emissions
and energy consumption around the world. The
International Convention for the Prevention of
Pollution from Ships organisation follows certain
guidelines regulating pollution prevention and its
effects on the marine environment [1].
Power generation of marine vessels has the
capability to minimize fuel consumption and co2
emissions. The Integrated Power System integrates
ship operations and electric propulsion into a single
power platform, expelling the need for completely
separate power generation for these loads. The
Integrated Power System also has ON/OFF facility
for alternative power resources, as well as the
capacity to set up many such sources in a divided
way, similar to a stand-alone micro grid, such as
sustainability and energy storage systems (ESS). It
is now possible to enhance fuel economy and
progress toward safer and more environmentally
friendly marine vessels due to improvements in
ESS technology. [2, 3]
In terms of fuel efficiency, hybrid onboard designs
combined with ESS can either support or work in
combination with DG to supply the load. As a
result, depending on the DG usage period,
operating costs can be reduced. [4] Explains the
feasibility of an electric hybrid transportation
vessel as a diesel-powered conversion.
Investigation of SCES (Super capacitor energy
system) and battery combination in ships for
maximum power transfer is dealt in [5, 9]. In this
regard, ESSs function as backup units that not only
decrease the price of energising the system during
peak demand and enhance the dynamic behaviour of
the system, but could contribute to pollution
reduction by removing unnecessary traditional unit
commitment [10].190kwh battery prototype hybrid
coastal fishing ship is demonstrated in [11].
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on POWER SYSTEMS
DOI: 10.37394/232016.2022.17.21
T. Sasilatha, D. Lakshmi, J. K. Vaijayanthimala,
R. K. Padmashini, S. Priya, J. Padmapriya,
K. S. Kavitha Kumari
E-ISSN: 2224-350X
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Hybrid power system illuminates many key faults
and challenges in hybrid RES design and
development of energy management [12-14].
Environmentally friendly power sources, for
example, Photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine
generators, which are powered by the sun, provide
a viable alternative to motor-driven generators in
such scenarios. [15-17].
The inherently unstable nature of wind and solar
systems, as well as their reliance on weather, is a
major disadvantage. To be completely reliable if
used separately, most of these will need to be much
larger, leading to a higher overall cost.
Incorporating solar and wind energy into a hybrid
power generation system, on the other hand, can
reduce energy storage requirements while also
lowering individual variability. [18-21]. the overall
cost of the autonomous renewable system has been
shown to be significantly reduced as a result of this
structure [22-25].
In on board ships, integration of solar / wind
systems with a battery bank and diesel backup is
now a realistic and cost-effective solution.
Multilevel inverters incorporating some power
semiconductor devices and DC voltage sources
were also gaining popularity these days. [26] The
most desirable topology is one with only one DC
source. Recently, a five-level active-neutral-point-
clamped system with an inductor and DC-link
capacitor has been used. [27]. To provide power to
the on-board ship, a multi-level inverter with
13 levels was implemented in this paper. Thus, the
objectives of the proposed work are as follows.
To design a hybrid buck-boost converter and a 13-
level inverter for the hybrid power system in order
to maximise the use of renewable resources. The
same model is verified using Matlab/Simulink. To
select a optimal control mechanism for extraction
of maximum power from RES system.
2 Configuration of Hybrid Power
System
Figure 1 shows the configuration of Hybrid
wind/PV system. This system consists of WECS
/PV system for electric power generation with
necessary MPPT controllers. The Buck-Boost
Converter gets the variable output from the
alternative sources, and the AC output from the
multi-level inverter is used to power the ship's
propeller.
Fig. 1: Configuration of Hybrid Power System
2.1 Modelling of Solar Panel
Basic PV device is the configuration of PV
modules. Entire PV generating unit is made up of
this group of panels. A photovoltaic cell is a p-n
junction semiconductor that converts light into
electricity. To attain a specific voltage or current,
single cells are connected in series or parallel to
form a module. Figure 2 shows the equivalent
circuit of PV cell.
Fig. 2: Equivalent circuit of PV
Current source Iph is the photocurrent of the cell. Rs
and Rsh are the intrinsic series and shunt resistance
of the cell. Group of PV cells are called as PV
modules. Interconnection of modules in a parallel-
series configuration is known as PV arrays.
Equation (1), (2) and (3) represents the I-V
characteristics of the solar panel
(1)
(2)
(3)
Where, Ipha is the current generated in a PV module,
Rse and Rsh is the series and series resistance, , Id is
the current of the Diode, Vd is voltage of the Diode,
Il is the current generated by Light in solar array, Ipv
is the current of PV, I0 is current at saturation
level, Vt is the thermal voltage of cells and A is the
ideality factor of diode.
Moduled photo current of the PV is given in
equation (4)
(4)
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on POWER SYSTEMS
DOI: 10.37394/232016.2022.17.21
T. Sasilatha, D. Lakshmi, J. K. Vaijayanthimala,
R. K. Padmashini, S. Priya, J. Padmapriya,
K. S. Kavitha Kumari
E-ISSN: 2224-350X
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2.1.1 Maximum Power Point Tracking Methods
On the P-V curve, there is only one maximum
voltage; it works at maximum power efficiency and
delivers maximum output power. Maximum power
point tracking (MPPT) controller act as a closed
loop feedback system which senses PV output
voltage and convert it into duty ratio for maximum
power peak driving purpose. In non-linear solar P-
V curves, the peak power point must be reached.
some MPPT algorithms have been developed and
utilized in some solid state devices.
2.1.1.1 MPPT Techniques - INC
Due to its medium complexity and good tracking
performance, the incremental conductance
approach appears to be the most preferred. The
MPP; however, magnitude generate oscillations
around MPPs. The voltage at the array endpoints
has always been set at MPP voltage. Oscillations
are produced in the output power which is similar
to P&O algorithm. Incremental conductance
(dI/dV) of the photovoltaic array has been utilized
in order to find the polarity of dP/dV.
Concept of hill climbing has been used in this INC
method, in which the slope of P-V curve is zero at
the point of MPP, negative at the right side of the
curve and positive at the left side. It has been
obtained by differentiating PV array power with
respect to voltage and equating to zero and shown
in Equation (5)
(5)
When MPP is reached, then, the state would be like
Equation (6);
at MPP (6)
MPP is achieved by comparing the incremental
conductance with instantaneous conductance as
shown in Equation (7),
V
I
V
I
>
to the left the right of
MPP (7)
Thus, the characteristic of INC compensates the
disadvantages of P&O method. But in pracitcal, the
constant point of Maximum value cannot be
obtained. Hence there will be some oscillations
near MPP.
Fig. 3: MPP Tracking using INC algorithm
2.2 Modeling of a WT and Induction
Generator
The most extensively used nonconventional,
renewable energy source is wind energy. Wind
Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) have seen
tremendous technological improvement, which has
resulted in a number of environmental, social, and
economic benefits. Variable-speed WECS has a
number of advantages over constant-speed WECS,
including an increase in power production, a
reduction in mechanical stress, and an improvement
in power quality and system efficiency. Many
Maximum Power Pointing Tracking (MPPT)
strategies for variable speed operation of Wind
Energy Conversion Systems have been developed
in recent years to maximize power extraction.
2.2.1 Optimal Torque Control
Optimal torque management can also be used to
achieve maximum power output, as shown in
Equation (9);
TMαωM (9)
The mechanical torque of the turbine is TM, while
the turbine speed is M. Because the mechanical
power losses of the gearbox and drive train are
ignored for a given gear ratio, the turbine
mechanical torque Tm and speed ωM are identical
to the generator mechanical torque Tm and speed
ωM. The desired torque referenceTm is calculated
using the generator speed wM. The coefficient for
the optimal torque Kopt can be derived using
Equations (10) to (13) based on the generator's
rated characteristics.
3
.max *
optp
CP
(10)
3
5
.
2
1
opt
optpopt R
CK
(11)
(12)
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DOI: 10.37394/232016.2022.17.21
T. Sasilatha, D. Lakshmi, J. K. Vaijayanthimala,
R. K. Padmashini, S. Priya, J. Padmapriya,
K. S. Kavitha Kumari
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1
035.0
08.0
11
3
ii
(13)
Wind, being one of the most widely used renewable
energy sources, appears to have the best chance of
replacing fossil fuels in the near future. Maximum
power point tracking (MPPT) in variable-speed
operating systems, such as doubly fed induction
generator (DFIG) and permanent magnet
synchronous generator systems, has received a lot
of attention in order to achieve high efficiency in a
wind power conversion system. Three tactics have
been investigated throughout the history of MPPT
methods: use wind speed; output power
measurement and calculation and the characteristic
power curve.
The majority of wind energy control systems rely
on wind speed measurements. Anemometers are
commonly used in these systems to measure wind
speed. Sensor costs and complexity add to the cost
of such systems. Wind speed estimating methods
were employed to solve this challenge. The wind
speed can be recorded using advanced software
techniques in order to control the appropriate tip-
speed ratio and perform the MPPT. Additionally,
tracking the maximum power could be done by
directly measuring the output power. The goal of
this method is to extract maximum power from the
wind turbine system by measuring output power
online and checking the rate of change of power
with regard to speed, i.e., dp/dw. When dp/dw=0,
MPPT can be performed by altering the rotor speed
or duty cycle of the converter.
Fig. 4: Wind turbine power curves
2.3 Hybrid Buck – Boost Converter
The circuit diagram of buck-boost converter is
shown in figure 5. The variable output of RES is
fed into a Diode Bridge with an inductor and
capacitor across the load. Energy is stored in the
inductor during ON of switch and discharged when
in OFF state therefore the converter can be used as
a step-down or step-up converter. By switching the
switching device appropriately, the voltage can be
boosted or dropped. Duty cycle regulates the output
voltage. By appropriately adjusting the switching
device, voltage can be boosted or reduced. The
output voltage is determined by duty cycle. The
circuit is conducted in two phases here. The Diode
Bridge circuit conducts the rectification process,
the IGBT switch performs the switching, and the
PWM approach is utilized for output voltage
control.
Fig. 5: Circuit Diagram of Hybrid Buck-Boost
Converter
2.4 CHBI (Cascaded H Bridge Multilevel
Inverter)
Cascaded inverter is dependent on DC sources. For
m DC sources, the levels should be (2m+1). The
CHB inverter can be categorized as symmetric or
asymmetric depending on the input level. The
asymmetric topology is considered in this paper. To
generate thirteen-level output, six asymmetrical DC
sources are used. By using this network, the
number of switches and THD are reduced. Figure
6 shows the thirteen level Inverter considered.
2.4.1 Modelling of CHBI
The output voltage for full bridge inverter is given
by Equation (13) (13)
For input DC current by Equation (14);
(14)
Where j=1,2,3….. ,n
Ia is the cascaded inverter output current , S1i and
S2i are the switches of bridge circuit. The output
voltage/phase is given by Equation (15)
(15)
where j=1,2,3…6
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DOI: 10.37394/232016.2022.17.21
T. Sasilatha, D. Lakshmi, J. K. Vaijayanthimala,
R. K. Padmashini, S. Priya, J. Padmapriya,
K. S. Kavitha Kumari
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Fig. 6: Structure of thirteen level Inverter
3 Simulation results and Discussion
Case (i) Solar PV fed MPPT Controller based
Buck Boost Converter:
Fig. 7: Simulation of Photovoltaic buck Boost
converter with MPPT controller
To do this, a MATLAB/Simulink simulation is
being used to show the suggested system's concert.
PV cell is employed as the input source, with an
isolation level of 1000 Watts per square metre. The
PV cell's output voltage is 24V PV (photovoltaic),
which is fed through a buck boost converter to
produce a voltage of 415 V, which is used to power
a 1 HP induction motor coupled propeller. This
experiment used a 50 mH inductor and a 1 mF
capacitor. Figure 7 shows a simulation diagram of
PV with MPPT.
The PV panel's unregulated dc output is adjusted
using a Buck-boost converter. The switching device
used is an IGBT. The duty cycle is determined by
comparing the MPPT algorithm output to a carrier
wave. DC-DC chopper converters that drop and
increase voltage are known as buck-boost
converters.
Fig. 8: Buck Boost operation using PWM control
When the volt produced is altered, the duty factor
changes in the INC method; when the voltage is
reduced, the PWM's threshold voltage rises. When
the voltage exceeds the threshold, the PWM is
engaged, and the buck converter with a 20% PWM
"ON" duration and a buck converter with a buck
spends 80% of the time "OFF." When the output
does not match the input, something occurs.
When the voltage output is less than the threshold
value, boost converter's PWM wave will be in ON
state for 80 percent and an OFF time of 20 percent.
Depending on the voltage variation at the output,
the duty cycle is set between ten percent and ninety
percent. This is depicted in Figure 8.
Fig. 9: Simulation of Photovoltaic buck Boost
converter current output
Fig. 10: Simulation of Photovoltaic buck Boost
converter voltage output
Figure 9 and 10 displays the output current and
voltage of a Buck boost converter. The propeller
cannot be driven with these outputs. This
converter's dc output should be fed into a multilevel
inverter to generate AC output.
Because solar irradiance and temperature change
over time, MPPT controllers are used to extract
maximum power and create a satisfactory output..
The output of the solar cell is then directed into a
dc / dc converter. The duty cycle can be adjusted to
provide the desired output. Any method can be
used to generate the switching frequency for the
buck boost converter.
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DOI: 10.37394/232016.2022.17.21
T. Sasilatha, D. Lakshmi, J. K. Vaijayanthimala,
R. K. Padmashini, S. Priya, J. Padmapriya,
K. S. Kavitha Kumari
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In this scenario, the INC method is used. The INC
technique is depicted in Figure 11 as a simulation
graphic. Changing the voltage and then measuring
the power yield is part of the Incremental
conductance algorithm. When the movement is on
the left side of the MPP, voltage incrementing
causes the option to boost, and when the movement
is on the right side of the MPP, it causes the power
to drop.
Fig. 11: Simulation diagram of Photovoltaic mppt
controller
Through using output current (ipvCk) and output
voltage (VpvCk) from the PV module's output
terminal, this algorithm calculates the output power
(PpvCk).The output power (PpvCk) will be
compared to the final step of power computation
(PpvCk-l) to determine the maximum power point;
the difference between the two figures will be
zero.. If the difference is not zero, the next stage of
computation will analyze the (VpvCk) and
(VpvCk) values to indicate the direction of the
power point on the RHS or LHS of the P- V curve
Figure 12. (VpvCk-1).
Fig. 12: PV module I- V and P- V curves, as well
as maximum power point
By comparing old and new data, the duty cycle is
computed. In the diagram below, the enhanced
MPPT controller power is also depicted.
Fig. 13: Simulation output of power and duty cycle
from a MPPT Controller
Case (ii)
Wind Energy fed MPPT Controller based DC-
DC Converter
WIND GENERATORS (WGs) have been widely
employed to power remote loads in both
autonomous and grid-connected applications.
Although WGs are less expensive to install than
photovoltaics, the overall cost of the system can be
further reduced by utilising high-efficiency power
converters that are tuned to provide the best output
based on current atmospheric conditions.The blade
pitch angle can be mechanically changed to control
WG power generation [6]. On the other hand,
special-purpose WGs are frequently required,
particularly in small-scale stand-alone WG
systems. Figure 14 is a simulation figure depicting
the power characteristics of wind turbines.
Fig. 14: Wind turbine power characteristics
simulation
The WG load is modified, resulting in a variable-
speed WG operation that captures maximum wind
power on a continual basis (MPPT control).Another
benefit of variable-speed operation is that as the
WG rotation speed changes, the blades absorb the
wind torque peaks, decreasing stress on the WG
shafts and gears. Variable-speed operation has the
drawback of necessitating the usage of a power
conditioner in order to simulate the WG perceived
load. On the other hand, advances in power
electronics have helped to lower the cost of power
converters and enhance their dependability, while
the higher cost is offset by increasing energy
generation.
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T. Sasilatha, D. Lakshmi, J. K. Vaijayanthimala,
R. K. Padmashini, S. Priya, J. Padmapriya,
K. S. Kavitha Kumari
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Fig. 15: Wind Generator power curves at various
wind speeds
A control system based on wind-speed readings [7]
is shown in Figure 15. After the wind speed is
measured, the required rotor speed for maximum
power generation is computed. Furthermore, the
rotor speed is measured and compared to the
determined optimal rotor speed, with the difference
being used to run a power interface. Using
measurements of the Wind Generator output
voltage and current, the MPPT technique monitors
the Wind Generator output power and adjusts the
dc/dc converter duty cycle instantly based on a
comparison of sequential Wind Generator -output
power data.Based on a comparison of consecutive
Wind Generator -output-power measurements, the
MPPT technique in the proposed system changes
the duty cycle of the dc/dc converter immediately.
Despite the wide range of wind speeds, the power
received by the Wind Generator varies very slowly
over time because to the linked wind-
turbine/generator system's poor dynamic response..
As a result, the steepest ascent strategy may be able
to successfully address the challenge of improving
Wind Generator output power by utilizing the
converter operating frequency as a control variable.
Fig. 16: Simulation of wind energy conversion
using a buck boost converter and an MPPT
controller
To increase smoothing and constant output
performance, a PMSG is utilised to provide
changing frequency and voltage at the output,
which is then fed into the Buck-Boost converter.
For research purposes, a simulation of this topology
was done in MATLAB/ Simulink. A Simulink
model of a PMSG supplying a resistive load via a
Buck-Boost converter is shown in Figure 16. With
a fixed dc or inverter output, the Buck-Boost
converter uses a PWM regulating technique to
provide three phase balanced output voltage and
frequency.
Fig. 17: Wind Energy BUCK BOOST Current
Simulation Result
Regardless of the type of generator utilised, the
accuracy with which the peak power points are
tracked by the WECS control system's MPPT
controller determines the amount of power
produced by a WECS. The three main control
approaches investigated so far in maximum power
extraction algorithms are tip speed ratio (TSR)
control, power signal feedback (PSF) control, and
hill-climb search (HCS) control [8].
The method used by the P&O algorithm is to use a
mathematical optimization strategy to locate the
MPP. Changing control factors such as the dc-link
voltage or the rotor speed and seeing how they
effect WECS performance is part of this strategy.
In the classic P&O (CPO) technique, the obtained
power is combined with the generator speed to get
a zero slope for the P-curve. The key features and
advantages of this method are that it does not
require any sensors, such as an anemometer, or
knowledge of the WT parameters.
Fig. 18: MPPT Control block in WECS
The controller adjusts the operational point of the
CPO algorithm to the right of the MPP if it is to the
left of the MPP, and vice versa[9-10]. Using
information on the size and direction of change in
power output owing to a change in command
speed, the MPPT controller calculates the ideal
speed for maximum power point.
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T. Sasilatha, D. Lakshmi, J. K. Vaijayanthimala,
R. K. Padmashini, S. Priya, J. Padmapriya,
K. S. Kavitha Kumari
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The operation of the controller is described below.
If the difference between current and past sampling
instants Po(k) is within a given lower and upper
power limit PL and PM, no action is done;
however, if it is outside this range, appropriate
control action is taken. The magnitude and
direction of the change in active power caused by
the change in command speed dictate the control
action.
• If the power in the current sampling instant is
higher, i.e. P0(k)> o, the command speed is raised,
either due to an increase in command speed or
because the command speed was unaltered in the
prior sampling instant, i.e. (K-1)>=0.
• If the power in the current sampling instant is
determined to be higher, i.e. P0(k)> o, the
command speed is reduced due to a decrease in
command speed in the preceding sampling instant,
i.e. (K-1)0
• In addition, the command speed is reduced if the
power in the current sampling instant is discovered
to be lower, either due to a constant or greater
command speed in the prior sampling instant, i.e.
(K-1)>=0.
• Finally, if the current sampling instant's power is
found to be lower, i.e. P0 (k) o, because the prior
sampling instant's command speed was lower, i.e.
(K-1)0, the command speed is increased.
The product of the magnitude of power error P k o
and C determines the size of each change in
command speed in a control cycle. The value C is
determined by the wind speed. During the
maximum power point tracking control operation,
the above-mentioned product gradually lowers until
it reaches zero at the peak power
point.
Fig. 19: Shows the results of a simulation of a wind
energy system controlled by MPPT
To test the performance of the recommended
controller, a rectangular speed profile with a
maximum of 9 m/s and a minimum of 7 m/s was
applied to the PMSG WECS. Figure19 shows the
wind speed, rotor speed, power coefficient, and
active power output for this sample. The tracking
capability was found to be exceptional.The highest
CP value for the turbine studied was 0.48, while the
lowest CP value was 0.33, suggesting that the
proposed controller functioned effectively. It is
reasonable to conclude from the simulation results
that the suggested control algorithm can track peak
power locations. The method could be applied to
other types of WECS as well.
Case (iii)
Solar/Wind Fed Multilevel inverter fed
Induction motor driven propeller
The Induction motor driven propeller integrated
with a hybrid PV/wind-based power system,
designed and managed by the P&O MPPT
algorithm, has been described in this section.
Figure 20 depicts the detailed simulation model.
Fig. 20: Simulation result of wind energy system
with MPPT control
The outputs of the solar photovoltaic system with
MPPT controller are tested individually. The P&O
MPPT controller is accounted for. Because of the
ease with which the P&O system can be developed.
Despite variations in insolation, the duty cycle of
the buck boost converter is controlled to provide
the regulated DC output from the Photo voltaic cell.
A hybrid energy system with variable speed wind
generation and a solar system with a power
electronic interface was described in this paper in
stand-alone mode. MATLAB/SIMULINK was
used to run the computer simulation. The system's
performance was examined for various wind speeds
and irradiation levels in the stand-alone mode, and
the results were analysed. AC voltage varies due to
differences in wind speed and sun irradiation. The
battery system is utilised to keep the source and
load in balance. In the MATLAB/SIMULINK
platform, the performance of the developed system
with proposed Induction Motor driving parameters
of current, speed, and torque can be tested, and the
results are shown.
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on POWER SYSTEMS
DOI: 10.37394/232016.2022.17.21
T. Sasilatha, D. Lakshmi, J. K. Vaijayanthimala,
R. K. Padmashini, S. Priya, J. Padmapriya,
K. S. Kavitha Kumari
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Fig. 21: Output power of hybrid PV/wind energy
system
Fig. 22: Load's actual power consumption
Fig. 23: Load's reactive power consumption
Both the PV cell and Wind Energy outputs are fed
through a nine-level inverter, which generates input
for a three-phase induction motor. The modulation
technique employed is phase shift modulation,
which reduces THD levels.
Fig. 24: Output current and voltage
By adjusting the modulation index ie by varying
the carrier and the reference frequency the output
voltage and current are obtained and is given as
input to the induction motor to drive the propeller.
4 Conclusion
The methodologies for modelling and simulation of
hybrid power systems (PV/WECS) were provided
in this study. The model was created with the
MATLAB/SIMULINK software programme. The
available power of the PV system is heavily
contingent on solar radiation. To compensate for
the PV system's deficiency, the PV module was
connected to the wind turbine system.The designed
system, as well as its control method, performs
admirably. The presented model provides a useful
tool for optimizing hybrid power performance. The
elements of the basic and modified circuits are
created using applicable formulae. Simulink library
pieces are used to create simulation circuits. This
MLI provides cost-effective, small-scale, high-
energy conversion, and low THD solutions for PV
and wind integration. Hybrid systems, according to
the report, can improve energy supply stability and
sustain a relatively consistent power supply from
renewable resources for a specified operational
zone. The investigation reveals a slew of possible
benefits, including lower fuel usage as a result of
lower exhaust gas emissions. Finally, based on the
simulation results, the proposed system for marine
applications can be implemented.
Acknowledgment:
The first author, Professor and Dean Dr.T.
Sasilatha, gratefully acknowledges the financial
support obtained from the All India Council for
Technical Education, India, under the Research
Promotion Scheme.
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T. Sasilatha, D. Lakshmi, J. K. Vaijayanthimala,
R. K. Padmashini, S. Priya, J. Padmapriya,
K. S. Kavitha Kumari
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T. Sasilatha, D. Lakshmi, J. K. Vaijayanthimala,
R. K. Padmashini, S. Priya, J. Padmapriya,
K. S. Kavitha Kumari
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Contribution of Individual Authors to the
Creation of a Scientific Article (Ghostwriting
Policy)
Dr.Priya, K.S.Kavitha Kumari reviewed the state of
art and organized the section 1.
J.K.Vaijayanthimala and J.Padmapriya carried out
the Modelling and Simulation for the PV/Wind
System and also for the converter.
Dr.T.Sasilatha, Dr.D.Lakshmi, R.K.Padmashini
carried out the Modelling and Simulation for the
Hybrid System and the Multilevel Inverter.
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
(Attribution 4.0 International, CC BY 4.0)
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.e
n_US
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on POWER SYSTEMS
DOI: 10.37394/232016.2022.17.21
T. Sasilatha, D. Lakshmi, J. K. Vaijayanthimala,
R. K. Padmashini, S. Priya, J. Padmapriya,
K. S. Kavitha Kumari
E-ISSN: 2224-350X
217
Volume 17, 2022