Assessment of residual impacts of poultry manure on nutrient, sucrose,

fructose, and glucose content of second crop onion

F. YOLDAS1, S. CEYLAN1, N. SAATCI MORDOĞAN2

1Odemis Technical Training College,

Ege University,

Odemis, 35750, Izmir, TURKEY

2Faculty of Agriculture, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department,

Ege University,

Bornova, 35100, Izmir, TURKEY

1Corresponding author

Abstract: - This study was conducted to determine the effects of poultry manure applications on the nutrient,

sucrose, fructose and glucose content of second-crop onions. This study was done in the research and practices

area of Ege University, Odemis Technical Training College. Three onion (Allium cepa L.) varieties (Burgaz,

Karbeyazı, Şampiyon) and also three different doses of poultry manure (20 t ha-1, 40 t ha-1, 60 t ha-1) and mineral

fertilizer were used in this research. A non-fertilized parcel was used as the control. The experimental design was

a split plot with three replications.

Nitrogen, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu content in the leaf and bulb of onion samples were analyzed. In

addition, sucrose, fructose, and glucose values in the bulb were determined. The highest nutrient contents of

leaves and bulbs were obtained with the residual effect of 40 t ha-1 doses of poultry manure Karbeyazı variety

contains the highest level of fructose, sucrose, and glucose compared to other varieties.

Key-words: - Onion, poultry manure, nutrient content, macro and microelements, sucrose, fructose and glucose

content, environment

Received: June 15, 2022. Revised: October 16, 2023. Accepted: November 18, 2023. Published: December 31, 2023.

1 Introduction

Currently, onion is one of the most important crops

grown in the world [30]; [31]; [52]; [43]. Onion is

one of our special foods, which has great importance

in human nutrition and in Turkish cuisine, where it

is valued as a nutritious staple.

In Turkey, fresh onion production is 138,993 tons

and dry onion production is 2,131,513 tons. The

cultivated area is 87,393 da for spring onions and

576,918 da for dry onions [5] The best onion

cultivation is done in sandy-clay or clay-sandy,

organic-rich soils. Heavy clay or sandy soils and

excess moisture are not suitable for growing onions

[20]; Günay, 1983; [48].

The soil is generally poor in organic matter in

Turkey. Animal fertilizers with high organic matter

content regulate and maintain soil fertility by

improving the physical, chemical, and biological

properties of soils. These materials are also storage

of plant nutrients. High doses of fertilizers used in

onion cultivation hurt human health and the

environment [51]; [53]. Therefore, it is important to

create conscious fertilization programs for

sustainable production and sustainable living

according to plant varieties. Crop production has

increased with the increasing world population and

this has increased the use of inputs. Synthetic

chemical fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides have

also caused substantial damage to the ecology of

agricultural systems (Manoj et al, 2019).

[50] reported that the residual effect of chicken

manures and onion varieties as a second crop

significantly affected the yield and bulb production

in the field condition. The highest results were

obtained especially with 60 t ha-1 of chicken manure

application in the field condition.

[34] investigated the effects of NPK and animal

manure applications on the yield and development

of onion and garlic plants. It showed that the highest

yield is obtained from plots where the recommended

amount of NPK is mixed with animal manure.

[47] their study investigated the effects of mineral

and animal fertilizers and their combinations and

observed that low manure alone yields better results

than NPK fertilization alone. However, the

combination of animal manure with NPK yielded the

highest marketable yield under favorable moisture

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conditions.

20, 40, 60 t ha-1 animal manure, NPK (75:50:100 kg

ha-1), and 2, 3 times the applications and

combinations with each other were examined in

other research. It was noted that NPK fertilization

only gives good results at low humidity levels. Also,

the lowest onion yield was obtained from

unfertilized parcels with an average of 16.2 t ha-1

[40]. [3] reported that the total onion product (9.55 t

ha-1) was more affected by animal fertilizers than the

plant density. Similar studies can be found in [41],

[42], [44].

The combination of mineral and organic fertilizer

resulted in approximately 22 to 53% higher crop

yields. In recent years, based on long-term field

trials, organic and mineral fertilizers in combination

give higher yields than only mineral or only organic

fertilization [28]; [21]. Similar studies can be found

in [29].

[10] studied the effects of chicken manure and

inorganic fertilizers and their combinations on onion

production. Applications increased the product, and

they noted that the amount of dry matter was

reduced.

As with each product, high yield and quality in onion

production depends on soil nutrient content [45]. In

this sense, issues such as increasing the fertility of

our soil resources by natural means, preventing the

pollution of underground waters by chemical

substances, and the decrease of natural flora can be

cared for by using conscious organic material.

The objectives of this study were (i) to find the

effects of poultry manure doses on nutrient content in

onion bulbs, (ii) to find the effects of poultry manure

doses on nutrient content in onion leaves and (iii) to

determine the residual effect of poultry manure

applications on sucrose, fructose and glucose

content of second crop onion.

2 Materials and Methods

This study was carried out to determine the effects

of poultry manure on the nutrient content of second-

crop onion grown after lettuce. This study was done

in the research and application field of Ege

University, Odemis Technical Training College.

Three onion (Allium cepa L.) varieties (Burgaz,

Karbeyazı, Şampion) were used.

In the research, 0, 20, 40, and 60 t ha-1 poultry

manure was applied to the parcels for the production

of lettuce in the previous production period. Mineral

fertilizer, NPK (120:100:150 kg ha-1), 15:15:15,

K2SO4, and Ammonium Nitrate were applied to the

lettuce plant. The lettuce was harvested on

04.04.2017 and then the planting of onion seedlings

was carried out on the same trial plan.

To produce seedlings of onion varieties used in the

experiment, seeds were cultivated on 23.01.2017.

Onion seedlings were planted in their places on

05.04.2017 and harvested on 02.08.2017. In the

study, after harvesting lettuce and before planting

onion seedlings, soil samples were taken from each

plot for analysis. A planting distance of 30x15 cm

was used in the experiment and the distance between

the parcel and the block was 1 m. The study was

established with three replications according to the

divided split trial design.

The composition of poultry manure that the residual

effect investigated was analyzed according to [25]

and is presented in Table 1.

Soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected from the

individual experimental plots (15 samples) at the

beginning of onion vegetation. The soil sample was

air-dried, ground, and passed through a 2 mm sieve

for the determination of chemical parameters. The

pH [22], total soluble salt, [4], CaCO3 [25] and

organic matter content [39] were determined in the

soil. Total N was also analyzed according to [11],

the available K+ was determined after extracting

with 1 N NH4OAc by flame photometer [6], [7] and

available P was measured by colorimeter [38].

Leaf samples were taken from the youngest leaves

for chemical analysis [23] before the onion bulbs

reached maturity.

After the leaf and bulb samples were taken from

plots, they were dried in 70oC, and ready for analysis

[24]. In the study, the manure and onion bulbs and

leaf samples were wet digested [(nitric (HNO3):

perchloric acid (HClO4); 4:1] for P, K, Ca, Mg, Na,

Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn analysis. Following the

digestions, quantifications were made for the

phosphorus colorimetric method, for K, Ca, and Na

by flame photometer and Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn

by AAS [35]; [13]. Total nitrogen in plant samples

was analyzed according to the modified Kjeldahl

method [8].

2.1 Sugar analysis methods

Extraction of samples and HPLC analysis conditions

was done according to [12]. 10 g of a fruit sample

was taken; it was completed with 50 ml of pure water

and broken down in the homogenizer. Samples were

centrifuged at 6000 rpm and passed through the

Whatman No. 42 filter paper. The final volume was

adjusted to be acetonitrile: filtrate (6:2, v/v).

Samples were kept at -18°C. A refractive index

detector (RID) was used in sugar analysis.

Conditions for HPLC analysis were adjusted as

follows. The method was modified as needed.

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Column: Supelco (300mmx4.1mm ID), column

temperature: room temperature (18-22°C), mobile

phase: Acetonitrile: distilled water (75:25), flow

rate: 1.8 m/min, detector: RI, 30°C, injection

amount: 20 µL.

The collected data on various parameters were

statistically analyzed. Analysis of variance was

computed and LSD was used to compare means. The

trial statistical evaluation result of data was done

using the software package TARIST [2]

3 Results and Discussion

3.1 The effect of poultry manure applications on

some physical and chemical properties of soils

At the beginning of onion vegetation, pH, organic

matter, and lime contents of field soils at 0-20 cm

depth are presented in Table 2. According to this,

soil pH is 6.98-7.08, organic matter is between 0.66-

0.89%, and lime is between 0.63-0.84%. Field soils

are neutral (6.6-7.3), humus (p<0.01), and lime (0-

2.5) poor (Table 2).

At the beginning of onion vegetation, nutrient

element contents of field soils at 0-20 cm depth are

given in Table 2. Total N: 0.056-0.110%, available

P: 24.16-35.50, K: 97.4-106.7, Ca: 891-1089, Mg:

210-224 and Na: 16.26-42.90 mg kg-1 was found.

The microelements are Fe: 3.49-3.75, Zn: 1.03-3.03,

Mn: 3.68-4.15, and Cu: 0.63-0.67 mg kg-1 (Table 3).

The difference between the applications in terms of

these nutrients was insignificant except for N, P, Na,

and Fe. The N, P, Na, and Fe contents of the soils

were at the lowest level in the control plots, while

the highest dose of poultry manure application was

analyzed at the highest value at 60 t ha-1 dose

(p<0.01). Poultry manure application at 60 t ha-1

doses and mineral application gave the same results

in the Fe content of soils statistically. These results

could be explained by the positive effect of poultry

manure on improving the nutritional status of soil

generally, and also due to mineralization of organic

matter. Similarly, [15] stated that the application of

chicken manure under greenhouse conditions

significantly increased the nitrogen content of the

soils. [36] found that organic manure applications to

olive-growing soils in 0-20 cm depth N, K, Ca, Mg,

Cu, Na content, in addition, in 20-40 cm depth P, K,

Ca, Mn, Cu, Na content were affected significantly.

[19] observed a significant increase in nitrogen and

phosphorus with the addition of chicken manure.

When the fertility of the trial soils was evaluated, N

was found to be moderate (0.05-0.1 %); P rich

(greater than 3.26 ppm); K (<150 ppm) and Ca (715-

1430 ppm) poor; Mg (>114 ppm) well; Fe (2.5-4.5

ppm) deficiency possible; Zn (>1 ppm), Mn (>1

ppm), Cu (>0.2 ppm) seems to be sufficient [9].

3.2 Residual effect of poultry manure

applications on the nutrient content of second

crop onion leaves

Residual effects of poultry manure applications on

the leaf nutrient content of the onion grown as a

second product after the lettuce production are given

in Table 4.

According to Table 4, N content in leaf is between

2.09-2.69, P is between 0.14-0.22; K is between

1.89- 2.64; Ca is between 0.93-1.34; Mg is between

0.51-0.67; Na is between 922.9-1193.7; Fe is

between 86.36-102.36; Zn is between 16.78-19.92;

Mn is between 20.4-25.06; Cu is between 5.58-7.02.

The difference among the applications in terms of

these nutrients was significant except for K, Na, and

Mn amounts. The N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe Zn, Mn,

and Cu contents of the leaves were at the lowest level

in the control plots, while the highest doses (40 and

60 t ha-1) of poultry manure application were

analyzed at the highest value. However, the N and

Mn contents of the leaves were statistically at the

same level with the highest applications of poultry

manure and NPK (p<0.01).

When the sufficiency levels of nutrient content of

onion leaves were investigated, it was seen that P,

Zn, Mn, and Cu values were at the deficiency level

although N, Ca, and Mg amounts were sufficient. K

values in leaves were determined at sufficient levels

only in plots where 40 and 60 t ha-1 doses of poultry

manure were applied [9].

In the research, it is noteworthy that the P, Zn, Mn,

and Cu nutrient contents of onion leaves are

insufficient while the P content of the soils is high

before planting. This may be due to the conversion

of available phosphorus in the soil into a fixed form

that cannot be taken up by plants during vegetation.

On the subject, [27] reported that the phosphorus

fixation capacity in alluvial soils of the Aegean

region was between 36-89%. It is thought that the

important positive correlation that the researchers

determined between soil’s organic matter and

exchangeable Mg x K fixation explains this situation

[27]; [14].

In addition, although the Ca content of the soils was

poor, it was seen that the amount of Ca in the leaves

was sufficient (Table 3, 4). This result may be due to

the slow release of organic fertilizers and their

effects on the subsequent products. Similarly,

although P, Zn, Mn, and Cu are insufficient in the

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E-ISSN: 2732-9992

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soil, these elements were found in insufficient

amounts in the leaves. This situation can be

explained by the antagonistic effects between P and

Zn, P and Mn, P and Cu [26]. Thus, [32] stated that

the excess nutrient content in the soil does not

produce benefits to plants or may even depress the

uptake of nutrients as well as crop growth and yield.

In the study, it was determined that leaf nutrient

content varies significantly according to the varieties

of onion except for Fe, Mn, and Cu amounts (Table

5).

It was determined that the N, P, and Zn content of

the Burgaz variety is significantly higher than other

varieties. Burgaz and Karbeyazı varieties had

significantly higher K content than the Şampiyon

variety; Karbeyazı and Şampiyon varieties had

significantly higher Ca than the Burgaz variety; the

Mg content of Şampiyon variety was analyzed

higher than the others (Table 5).

However, there was no statistically significant

difference between the Şampiyon and Karbeyazı in

terms of Mg content. In addition, in terms of Fe, Mn,

and Cu content, there was no significant difference

between the varieties depending on the applications

(Table 5).

3.3 Residual effect of poultry manure

applications on the nutrient content of second

crop onion bulbs.

The Macro and micronutrient contents of onion

bulbs are given in Table 6.

According to Table 6, N is 2.10-2.93, P is between

0.16-0.23; K is between 1.37-1.73; Ca is between

0.10-0.15; Mg is between 0.156-0.183; Na is

between 283.9-477.7; Fe is between 26.97-43.19; Zn

is between 20.19-25.65; Mn is between 12.37-14.89;

Cu is between 4.64-5.96. The ranking of nutrient

elements based on their established amount in the

examined onion bulbs was N > K > P > Mg > Ca

>Na > Fe > Zn >Mn >Zn.

The differences among the applications in terms of

these nutrients were significant except for Mg and

Cu. The N, P, K, Na, Ca, Na, Zn, and Mn contents

of the bulbs were at the lowest level in the control

plots (p<0.01) (Table 6). On the other hand, the

highest K, Ca, Na, and Fe contents in onion bulbs

were determined by the residual effect of 40 t ha-1 of

poultry manure.

Similarly, [52] reported that the K content of onion

bulbs increased significantly in cattle manure

applications in the first year, but N, P, Ca, Mg, Fe,

Zn, Cu, Mn, and Na amounts of onions were not

significantly affected by manure applications. [17]

stated that in onion bulbs N and P content was

increased by N application. Mn, Fe, and Zn contents

tended to increase; K, Cu, and Mo contents were not

affected. [1] found that increasing the rate of the

sheep and chicken manure increased the N content

of onion significantly, while P and K contents had

low levels. [33] found that the chemical constituents

(N, P, K, and total protein) significantly increased by

increasing the level of compost application up to 180

kg N/fed in sandy soil. These results may be due to

the capacity of soil organic matter to influence a

range of functional physical, chemical, and

biological properties of soil and to play an important

role in nutrient cycling [37].

Generally, varieties of onions growing in the same

environment (i.e., same soil and climatic conditions)

have significant differences in the mineral

composition of the bulbs. It is therefore likely that

the source of this variation is genotypic [16].

When the effect of varieties on onion bulb’s nutrient

content was investigated, it was determined that N,

Ca, Fe, and Cu contents of Champion varieties were

significantly higher than other varieties (p<0.01)

(Table 7). P, K, and Na content in bulbs of

Şampiyon and Karbeyazı varieties were analyzed

higher than the Burgaz variety (p<0.01).

In addition, in terms of Mg content, there was no

significant difference between the varieties

depending on the applications.

3.4 Residual effect of poultry manure

applications on sucrose, fructose, and glucose

content of second crop onion

Residual effects of poultry manure applications on

sucrose, fructose, and glucose content of onion bulbs

as a second crop were given in Table 8.

3.4.1 Sucrose: The sucrose contents of onion bulbs

changed significantly depending on the applications

(p<0.01). The highest sucrose content was analyzed

in the no-application control plots as 3.33 g/100 ml

(Table 8). Sucrose content in the bulbs decreased

with applications. Also, [18] reported that Sheep

manure treatment had the lowest amount of sucrose

in sugar beets compared to the control treatment.

Nitrogen caused sugar percentage reduction which

influenced sucrose percentage as well. Therefore,

the negative impact of manure on sucrose percentage

was due to its increasing impact on nitrogen content

in the root.

3.4.2 Fructose: Residual effects of poultry and

mineral fertilizer applications significantly affected

the fructose content of second-crop onion bulbs

grown after lettuce (p<0.01) (Table 8). The highest

fructose values were analyzed in the onion bulbs

from the control plots (17.71 g/100 ml) and 20 t ha-1

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poultry manure applications (16.89 g/100 ml).

3.4.3 Glucose: Glucose contents of onion bulb

samples changed significantly depending on the

applications (p<0.01). Similar to fructose contents,

the highest glucose content was analyzed in the

control plots where no treatment was performed

(Table 8). This was followed by onion bulb samples

taken from the parcels where there was a residual

effect of 20 t ha-1 poultry manure application. The

lowest glucose values were determined in the parcels

where there was the residual effect of mineral

fertilizer application. Similarly, high nitrogen

application to the soil caused a decrease in glucose

and fructose in the leaves of cabbage [49]. In spinach

and komatsuna leaves, sugar content also increased

with decreased nitrogen application [46]. This

situation can be considered as the amount of

nitrogen applied to the plant increased the vegetative

part and product and, accordingly, the dilution of

glucose, sucrose, and fructose amounts.

When the effect of all varieties on sucrose, fructose,

and glucose content of onion bulbs were

investigated, it was determined that the highest

sucrose content was in Burgaz (3.53 g 100 ml-1) and

that the highest fructose (18.95 g 100 ml-1) and

glucose (20.35 g 100 ml-1) contents were in

Karbeyazı variety (p<0.01) (Table 9).

4 Conclusion

As a result, it was found that the residual effect of

poultry manures and onion varieties on nutrient

content in leaves and bulbs, and that the sucrose,

fructose, and glucose values in bulbs of second crop

onion grown after lettuce were significantly

affected.

Generally, the highest nutrient contents of leaves

and bulbs were obtained with the residual effect of

40 t ha-1 doses of poultry manure. The onion variety

Burgaz gave more response to the poultry manure as

compared with other onion varieties in nutrient

content in leaves. The Champion varieties contained

higher nutrient values in bulbs.

Organic fertilizers are slow-release fertilizers and

their effects on soil fertility were seen in the

following years and crops. As observed in our study,

it is important to use organic manure consciously,

with an environmentalist approach, considering the

subsequent effects of organic fertilizers.

Acknowledgment:

This research is a work supported by the scientific

research projects commission of Ege University;

Contact no: 2017/OMYO/001.

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[44]. Sharma, R.P.; Datt, N.; Sharma, P.K.

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[50]. Yoldas, F.; Ceylan, S.; Mordoğan, N. 2019.

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12647. ISSN 1589 1623 (Print), ISSN 1785

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[52]. Yoldas, F.; Ceylan, S.; Mordoğan, N.;

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[53]. Yoldaş, F.; Çardakçi, Y.; Atılgan, A.

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Contribution of Individual Authors to the

Creation of a Scientific Article (Ghostwriting

Policy)

The authors equally contributed in the present

research, at all stages from the formulation of the

problem to the final findings and solution.

Sources of Funding for Research Presented in a

Scientific Article or Scientific Article Itself

No funding was received for conducting this study.

Conflict of Interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare

that are relevant to the content of this article.

Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

(Attribution 4.0 International, CC BY 4.0)

This article is published under the terms of the

Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en

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Table 1. Some properties of poultry manure.

8.55

C/N

12.1

Total Salt (ms/cm)

2.47

P (%)

0.70

Ash 550oC (%)

K (%)

1.02

Organic Matter (%)

19.8

Ca (%)

1.37

Organic Carbon (%)

11.51

Mg (ppm)

3729

Total N (%)

0.95

Na (ppm)

1248

Table 2. Some chemical properties of trial soils at the beginning of onion vegetation.

Table 3. Macro-micro nutrient contents of trial soils at the beginning of onion vegetation.

Treatment

O. M.

CaCO3

(%)

7.06

0.66

0.63

NPK

7.00

0.89

0.84

20 t ha-1

7.08

0.83

0.69

40 t ha-1

6.98

0.72

60 t ha-1

7.02

0.79

0.66

LSD

**: p<0.01 *: p<0.05 n.s.: not significant

Treatment

(%)

(mg kg-1)

0.056 c

24.16 b

100.6

1056

224

16.26 d

NPK

0.090 b

34.56 a

98.0

1023

215

27.96 bc

20 t ha-1

0.076 b

27.59 b

97.4

986

210

23.90 cd

40 t ha-1

0.081 b

24.72 b

80.9

891

220

32.13 b

60 t ha-1

0.110 a

35.50 a

106.7

1089

218

42.90 a

LSD

0.018**

5.92**

8.15**

Treatment

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Table 4. Residual effect of poultry manure on the nutrient content of onion leaf as the second crop.

Table 5. Effect of variety on the nutrient content of onion leaves as the second crop.

Variety

(%)

(mg kg-1)

3.38 b

1.06

3.68

0.64

NPK

3.75 a

1.19

4.03

0.63

20 t ha-1

3.49 ab

1.16

4.13

0.67

40 t ha-1

3.49 ab

3.03

4.04

0.65

60 t ha-1

3.75 a

1.09

4.15

0.63

LSD

0.368*

**: p<0.01 *: p<0.05 n.s.: not significant

Treatment

(%)

(mg kg-1)

2.09 d

0.14 c

1.89 c

0.93 c

0.51 b

922.9 b

NPK

2.69 a

0.19 ab

2.48 ab

1.25 ab

0.63 a

948.8 b

20 t ha-1

2.29 c

0.18 b

2.19 b

1.11 b

0.59 ab

1071.2 ab

40 t ha-1

2.39 bc

0.19 ab

2.53 a

1.34 a

0.67 a

1155.0 a

60 t ha-1

2.47 b

0.22 a

2.64 a

1.29 a

0.61 a

1193.7 a

LSD

0.126**

0.028**

0.337**

0.124**

0.099**

199.4**

Treatment

(mg kg-1)

86.36 b

16.78 b

23.20

5.58

NPK

102.36 a

19.07 a

24.51

5.99

20 t ha-1

97.72ab

19.92 a

20.99

7.02

40 t ha-1

100.51ab

19.75 a

25.06

6.22

60 t ha-1

93.57ab

19.89 a

20.40

6.10

LSD

14.89*

1.25**

**: p<0.01 *: p<0.05 n.s.: not significant

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Burgaz

2.56 a

0.20 a

2.45 a

1.08 b

0.55 b

Karbeyazı

2.48 b

0.19 ab

2.40 a

1.19 a

0.61 ab

Şampiyon

2.12 c

0.17 b

2.19 b

1.29 a

0.65 a

LSD

0.049**

0.026**

0.185**

0.118**

0.096**

Variety

(mg kg-1)

Burgaz

92.37

20.37 a

21.50

6.48

Karbeyazı

94.55

18.68 b

23.74

6.01

Şampiyon

101.39

18.21 b

23.25

6.06

LSD

1.227**

**: p<0.01 *: p<0.05 n.s.: not significant

Table 6. Residual effects of poultry manure on the nutrient content of onion bulbs as second crop.

Treatment

(%)

(mg kg-1)

2.10 e

0.16 b

1.37 c

0.10 c

0.156

283.9 d

NPK

2.93 a

0.23 a

1.59 ab

0.12 b

0.183

448.4 ab

20 t ha-1

2.32 d

0.20 a

1.49 bc

0.11 bc

0.182

402.9 bc

40 t ha-1

2.54 c

0.22 a

1.73 a

0.14 a

0.178

477.7 a

60 t ha-1

2.68 b

0.21 a

1.52 bc

0.15 a

0.178

390.8 c

LSD

0.128**

0.033**

0.174**

0.014**

57.038**

Treatment

(mg kg-1)

32.29 c

20.19 b

12.37 b

5.25 b

NPK

41.94 ab

25.65 a

14.89 a

5.78 a

20 t ha-1

26.97 abc

22.49 ab

13.71 ab

5.42 ab

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40 t ha-1

43.19 a

23.99 ab

13.56 ab

5.96 a

60 t ha-1

36.11 bc

21.86 ab

13.33 ab

4.64 b

LSD

6.823**

5.024*

1.863*

**: p<0.01 *: p<0.05 n.s.: not significant

Table 7. Effect of variety on the nutrient content of onion bulb as second crop depending on residue

effect of poultry manure.

Variety

(%)

(mg kg-1)

Burgaz

2.37 c

0.17 b

1.34 b

0.12 b

0.171

325.2 a

Karbeyazı

2.47 b

0.22 a

1.61 a

0.12 b

0.175

501.2 b

Şampiyon

2.71 a

0.23 a

1.67 a

0.13 a

0.179

375.9 b

LSD

0.065**

0.029**

0.099**

0.008**

69.055**

Variety

(mg kg-1)

Burgaz

26.94 c

21.19 b

11.61 b

4.78 b

Karbeyazı

39.19 b

22.69 ab

16.83 a

4.73 b

Şampiyon

48.18 a

24.61 a

12.28 b

6.73 a

LSD

3.721**

2.09**

0.845**

0.825**

**: p<0.01 *: p<0.05 n.s.: not significant

Table 8. Residual effects of poultry manure on sucrose, fructose, and glucose content of onion bulbs as

a second crop.

Treatment

Sucrose

Fructose

Glucose

(g 100 ml-1)

3.33 a

17.71 a

22.13 a

NPK

2.29 b

12.09 b

11.70 c

20 t ha-1

2.56 b

16.89 a

19.68 a

40 t ha-1

2.69 ab

12.16 b

13.93 bc

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60 t ha-1

2.12 b

13.03 b

15.55 b

LSD

0.715**

1.752**

2.670**

**: p<0.01 *: p<0.05 n.s.: not significant

Table 9. Effect of variety on sucrose, fructose, and glucose content of onion bulbs as second crop.

Variety

Sucrose

Fructose

Glucose

(g 100 ml-1)

Burgaz

3.53 a

14.61 b

18.30 b

Karbeyazı

2.37 b

18.95 a

20.35 a

Şampiyon

1.89 b

9.57 c

10.55 c

LSD

0.472**

0.774**

1.373**

**: p<0.01 *: p<0.05 n.s.: not significant

For Table of Contents Only

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Volume 3, 2023