V.YU. MEITUS, C. SIMON DE BLAS

Computer Sciences and Statistics

Rey Juan Carlos University

Móstoles, Madrid

Abstract: An intelligent system is a system that uses intelligence to shape its behavior in its environment. This

intelligence depends on the following main factors: the first is the ability of the system to model the environment

with which the system interacts. The second factor: using this model to successfully plan and solve problems that

representation of knowledge and relationships between elements.

Received: September 2, 2022. Revised: October 5, 2023. Accepted: October 17, 2023. Published: November 3, 2023.

1 Introduction

Technological support for the process of development

of social structures and their relations always occurs

by the example of consideration of industrial revolu-

transformation, has matured and begun. This trans-

areas related to the existence of society today, to the

widespread use of technologies and systems that have

the conditions of human existence. Now a new period

has begun, which has arisen in the depths of the infor-

introduction of artificial intelligence methods and

systems into life, the creation of various intelligent

in macroconveyor parallel computations and insertion

modelling are described in [4], [5] and [6] among oth-

[7] to abstractly represent a subject area, where a num-

ber of such structures and various variants of logics

are considered.

development of IS - internal and external. The first,

lated to the user’s context

ment favorable to the user, meeting his interests

• creation of IS, which are trained in the process

of its interaction with the user to the level of a

human assistant

The external approach to creating IS includes the

following directions:

• development of IS, the activity of which is com-

parable to human activity in similar conditions or

exceeds human capabilities; this includes various

”smart” systems (home, city, workshop, enter-

• development of IS that replace a person in ap-

robotics, cars and vehicles without a driver

similar conditions

• creation of IS based on the definition of the con-

cept of intelligence, which is associated with a

given subject area and successfully solves the

lected information is used when it is necessary to an-

swer a question or construct a text that would corre-

an answer to his questions.

Similarly, information presented in visual or musi-

cal form can be considered. Then the neural network,

which is the basis for the collection and analysis of in-

formation, creates paintings painted in the style of the

uses, plus the capabilities of computers that form their

conclusions and suggestions based on this informa-

works millions of literary sources - books, articles,

dictionaries, encyclopedias - which reflect the linguis-

tic representation of various human intellectual activi-

ties, as well as various artistic and figurative represen-

tations of the outside world. The collected and inter-

connected knowledge reflects the common intellec-

IS based on a pre-selected form of intelligence that is

ligence is characteristic of a person who, for example,

successfully plays certain games that he masters, or is

engaged in certain areas of science, technology, or art.

And it is precisely the focus on a separate subject area

words, sentences that can be built and are built by a

set of rules (or possible use cases) that apply when

combining words into sentences, and sentences into

characteristics - literature, theater, painting, sculpture,

architecture, cinema, those laws and forms, in each

person can realize himself in artistic, scientific, in-

of modern civilization.

the part of space under consideration, contains per-

sonal ideas about this knowledge, its goals, character

that are considered in the SbA. At the same time, the

system can influence and change the components of

Figure 1: Subject Area Representation.

the SbA in order to create new entities in the SbA.

SbA with the desired result for this system of individ-

ual actions and all behavior.

ing in this area. And these properties are provided

front of an intellectual subject. Therefore, the second

the subject use to solve the next task?

ciated with the SbA under consideration, then one of

the possible options for a general approach to solving

ronment, operations on this information and composi-

reasoning about some environment based on their in-

formation about it. The conclusion in logic is consid-

consistent with the laws and rules that determine the

structure of the SbA, which links the initial conditions

and the expected result. In this case, both the condi-

the transformations that already exist in the SbA, then

lution of the problem, based on its condition and the

rules for the conclusion of this logic.

various non-classical logics, which, in their form and

meaning, are quite suitable for their use in IS. Exam-

and a large number of other logics that are currently

developed in order to bring logical reasoning closer to

process of modeling the SbA will be discussed below

in the section on modeling.

tions are related to the ability to solve problems or

determine the behavior of a system, most often at the

human level. This means that there are certain restric-

to achieve its goals.

tem to build an SbA model that is adequate to this

in the SbA for the system and aimed at achieving its

assumed that the property of intelligence is such that

the problem obtained in this way is indeed the desired

formed. And the adequacy of the obtained IS solution

the model is built.

[14], [15], [16], [17]. For example, when a large lan-

guage model (LLM) is considered, the SbA consists

nary language, these relations appear in the form of

sentences. In the case of using a multilayer neural

is then used, for example, to answer a question posed

this is just a specific example.

large amount of training information. Therefore, an

cies and relationships defined in this space”, [7].

external objects of the environment. For example, a

person has five senses that allow him to perceive the

are oriented mainly to the immediate environment in

which a person exists from the moment of birth. In or-

an idea of galaxies that are distant from Earth is mil-

lions of light years away.

the ability to receive information about the elements

parts (structurization of the SbA), then studying each

part, and finally combining such ideas about each part

into a single representation - the synthesis of the SbA

model. In order to perform such a combination, IS

sis, which we will call the supporting structure of the

model. Moreover, for the same SbA, in the process

we obtain various forms of intelligence, for example,

possible to describe the properties of objects of SbA

probabilistic concepts.

sensory organs of the IS or perceptual means that the

IS possesses. The tuple of features is the first compo-

is an ontology that characterizes the element X al-

ready in linguistic form. The ontological character-

operate with an SbA at the level of linguistic repre-

sentations analyzed by a neural network, if necessary.

Another component of knowledge is possible, reflect-

field as a single entity, called an image

the system in it.

can act in various natural conditions and accordingly

then the robot first represents this SbA in the form

taking into account the detailed features each area.

the SbA from the knowledge base or with the help

of the sense organs, appropriate devices, by means

the area must be described, structured, associated with

known to the subject (understand the information) and

which is stored by the IS for further intended or spe-

sumptions, hypotheses about certain entities can be

times proved under the assumption of the validity of

previously formulated.

setting intelligence. This representation uses infor-

mation about the characteristics of the ObA elements

panded by adding a fifth component to the knowl-

or the change over time of individual links between

the subject also has a knowledge base (KB), which

reflects his previous experience, or information about

ement and consisting of three components: a set of

its sense organs, from the tools with which the IS is

A within the framework of those conditions and rep-

behavior, or on an additional opportunity to obtain the

ample, a robot can move in the SbA while receiving

additional information about its current position and

state, including possible changes. Or the robot gradu-

ally changes its state, for example, consuming energy

or ammunition.

sentation space, in which a set of interrelated knowl-

edge about entities (objects, structures, images) exist-

there are structures, then images, and finally subdo-

act problem or in a generalized form. An exact prob-

lem in SbA is a pair of entities (A, B), the first of

ond B is its result. The expression

done as a result of solving this problem, what actions

The complete solution of the exact IS problem is

problem solution is built already exist in the SbA,

ious sub-fields of mathematics are often linked to-

gether in order to solve a problem from one area using

solving similar problems, which is stored in the KB of

IS. At the same time, it should be taken into account

same conditions, and after a while not only the entity

termediate entities associated with the solution of the

cess of solving the main initial problem.

the initial representation of the SbA in the form of

a certain structure, the elements of which are subdo-

mains, and then the presentation of the existing task in

its own subdomain. The plan for solving the problem

is built as a plan for connecting the expected solutions

of subtasks in a single solution.

4 Functional IC programming

represent at the program level the main functions and

processes associated with the creation of such a sys-

tem. In particular, such a programming approach can

be effectively implemented at the functional level.

The program representation allows you to model the

of its computer form, make the necessary changes and

cially for intelligent systems, who have intelligence,

and therefore are capable of demonstrating quite com-

plex behavior.

but which cannot be obtained using data from obser-

tions can be very short.

based on the collected features, and then turns to its

with the model, and the area itself is considered as the

carrier of the model with which the IS operates.

also determines the restriction of the total KB to the

area S0=KB(S0). This limited base, which is tied

duced into the logical and ontological components of

maps that indicate the relative position of objects with

varying degrees of detail in the considered representa-

tion, and ending with maps that show the possible dy-

jects of the SbA, determined by knowledge about

them. Secondly, the SbA structures, considered as a

set of several interconnected objects, which are deter-

mined by knowledge about the structure as a whole

are a composite object, in which its constituent ob-