An Approach Towards Automate Models Construction and Research of

Wireless Local Area Networks based on State Transition Diagram

KVITOSLAVA OBELOVSKA1, KHRYSTYNA PELEKH1, YURIY PELEKH1,

ELEONORA BENOVA2, ROSTYSLAV LISKEVYCH3

Lviv Polytechnic National University,

12 Stepana Bandery str., Lviv,

UKRAINE

UKRAINE

Abstract: - Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) are widely used and their number is constantly increasing.

Therefore, the creation of models for their detailed study, and even more, so the automation of this process is an

urgent task. As an example of the research object, we chose the Media Access Control (MAC) sublayer and the

Carrier Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) access scheme. A simplified version of the

state transition diagram was suggested by us, and an analytical model based on a system of differential

equations was developed. Automation of the process of creating such models is realized by a software solution

Received: August 25, 2022. Revised: September 26, 2023. Accepted: October 4, 2023. Published: November 1, 2023.

1 Introduction

One of the important tasks for the improvement of

wireless communication is to increase the efficiency

of wireless local networks and ensure the required

quality of service. Wireless communication is

developing rapidly, and at this stage, significant

progress can be noted in increasing the transmission

speed at the physical level of the network

resources, including time. As a result, even with the

use of the most effective technologies at the

physical layer, the efficiency of using wireless

channels wants to be better. Therefore, the analysis

and improvement of one of the bottlenecks of

wireless local networks, the Media Access Control

sublayer (MAC-sublayer), which is responsible for

stations' access to the shared environment, is an

urgent and important task. One of the ways to solve

this problem is to develop models that will allow

automating the construction of models of a certain

class is a significant contribution to the solution of

this problem.

The main contributions of this paper can be

summarized as follows:

 Automation building process analytical

models of the Carrier Multiple Access with

2 Related Work

The current trend in the development of

telecommunication technologies is aimed at

increasing the use of wireless communication and

physical environment.

the shared physical environment, the most common

of which is the competition-based method. The

competitive access method is used by such well-

known standards as IEEE 802.11 for WLAN, [1],

and IEEE 802.15.4 for low-speed wireless personal

networks (Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area

Networks, LR-WPAN), [2]. The access method

described in these standards is implemented as

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision

example, [8].

improving the CSMA/CA scheme for wireless local

networks and illustrating the use of machine

learning for these purposes. To increase the

performance of the CSMA/CA scheme,

reinforcement learning is used to optimize the value

of the contention window by adapting to the traffic

in the WLAN. As a result, the proposed access

scheme has a higher throughput than the existing

model, and the expressions for estimating the

average delay, energy consumption, and reliability

were obtained. The OPNET simulation package was

The results demonstrate that the modified CSMA

improves reliability while reducing the average

delay. Article, [9], proposes a modified CSMA/CA

scheme that provides channel coordination between

heterogeneous wireless technologies. Wi-Fi (IEEE

802.11) and Zigbee (IEEE 802.15.4) networks are

used as WLAN and WPAN technologies. An

wireless Body Area Networks. The prioritized

channel access is achieved by assigning a backoff

period range to each traffic class in every backoff

during contention. The main advantage of the

proposed scheme is reduced packet delivery delay,

packet loss, and energy consumption, and improved

throughput and packet delivery ratio.

One of the current areas of improvement in

wireless communication is the use of Quality of

Service (QoS) mechanisms, both in mobile

the automation of intellectual processes and the

model's construction for other applications, [14],

[15], [16], [17], [18].

then its mathematical model will be a system of

differential equations, [12]. For the one shown in

Figure 1 graph system can be written as:

 󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜

󰇛󰇜

 󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜

󰇛󰇜

 󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜

󰇛󰇜

 󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜󰇛󰇜

stationary mode, the system of equations (1) can be

rewritten in the system of algebraic equations:

(2)

the discrete states is equal to 1, which gives the

normalization identity:

the probability p1.

probability of the station being in the sixth state due

to the probability p1 is deduced:



From the fifth equation of system (2) considering

equation (6), we get the probability of being in the

fifth state:



From the third equation of system (2)

considering equation (7):

make it possible to estimate the probability of a

WLAN station being in each of its states depending

on the intensities of transitions between states.

4 Automatization of Creating a

method. If you need to make any changes in the

model, you won't have to do large-scale calculations

manually. It will be done automatically in a few

minutes with the program.

The developed program computes systems of

algebraic equations by recognizing and converting

textual data into numerical data. This program has

This software solution can be used to automate

the construction of analytical models of objects that

can be described by a transition diagram with an

arbitrary number of states, transitions, and different

transition intensities.

The program allows you to describe the

operation of the station as follows:

For example, if a transition from the first state to the

second is possible, then you need to set 2 - L1 or 2 -

1 (assume that the intensity of the transition from

the first state to the second is 1), and the program

will automatically use one of the calculation

algorithms.

through L1, L2, ...., and Li. The proposed

redefinition can be implemented in several ways:

express Li in terms of Lk, use additional

coefficients, or specify numerical values.

algebraic equations, algorithms were developed for

processing text data, their recognition, and

conversion to numerical values for further

processing and calculation of equations.

considering the order of their processing and

conversion into a numerical value.

In the process of calculations, the intensities of

transitions determined by one parameter (number or

coefficient) are determined first, and the intensities

expressed by one mathematical operation are

worked out in the next step. Then the intensities,

representing the probability of the station being in

each of its states (Figure 3). It also describes the

transitions between the states of the station using the

state transition diagram. Accordingly, p1, p2, p3,

p4, p5, and p6 are the probabilities of being in each

of the states.

The software product that automates the process

of building analytical models of objects was

developed using the C# programming language and

the .NET 6 technology stack. Windows Presentation

improving.

field of computer programming. This software

solution has the potential for wide application in a

variety of disciplines, including education and

science. For example, it can be used to solve

systems of algebraic equations that occur in the

[2] IEEE Standard 802.15.4 Part 15.4: Wireless

[4] Olga Panova, Kvitoslava Obelovska. An

[10] Viacheslav Kovtun, Ivan Izonin, Michal

[11] Karakurt, H.B., Koçak, C. Increasing quality

[13] Auzinger W., Obelovska K., Dronyuk I.,

[18] Singh, Akarsth & Pal, Aritra & Kumar, Pavan

research, at all stages from the formulation of the

problem to the final findings and solution.

No funding was received for conducting this study.

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.