photovoltaic solar energy, emerges as a viable alternative to meet this need, but it is necessary to consider the

technical and economic challenges associated with its implementation to guarantee its long-term viability.

Research background highlights the potential of solar-powered home PV stations as a clean alternative to fossil

fuels in diverse climates such as Peru, where coastal regions can benefit from optimal charging infrastructure

due to high projected solar radiation. The research shows an autonomous control system integrated into a

photovoltaic station with solar tracking for which a validation prototype was developed. As a result, the

prototype of the autonomous control system with solar tracking demonstrated its effectiveness in capturing

energy and visual monitoring verified the dynamic adjustment to light conditions to optimize solar collection.

The main conclusion is that the implementation and remote monitoring of a photovoltaic station with two-axis

solar tracking demonstrated the viability of the technology in obtaining energy efficiently.

Currently, there is an energy deficiency in rural

areas or human settlements because they do not

have electricity due to remote or poorly accessible

areas. Furthermore, as they belong to areas of low

economic level, they are not considered in future

electrical planning, showing a lack of support from

the state added to the difficulty of access, the

investment in electrification, and the management of

uncontrolled zonal growth of the population, [1],

sources of energy, [5], [6]. With the use of

renewable energy, installation, operating, and

maintenance costs are reduced because photovoltaic

stations with solar panels can support some of the

basic services required by inhabitants of rural areas.

elevation of the module, [16], [17]. It is also

indicated that a stable relationship between charge

and energy consumed is increased with the use of

Lithium-Iron Phosphate batteries [18], [19], Lead-

Acid (Pb), ultracapacitors and Lithium-Ion

capacitor,s [20]. Also, there are different types of

energy charging techniques such as the application

of constant voltage or current, [21], [22] using in

some cases electronic curve plotting systems for

characterization and evaluation, [11], [23].

Furthermore, this control stage is integrated by a

management algorithm, which reduces power losses

by improving energy quality, [26], [27]. In some

research, techniques based on artificial intelligence

algorithms with MPTT and Shunt Active Parallel

Filter algorithms are used to optimize energy

capture, [28], [29].

been developed using the Python OTSun library to

analyze solar collection devices and thermal

key aspects such as computer boards, sensors,

and cloud platforms, concluding that Amazon Web

Services, [32].

question arises: How can a photovoltaic station for

homes in rural areas be designed? It is for this

reason that this paper describes the design and

implementation of a photovoltaic station with a two-

axis solar tracking mechanism, for which it seeks to

adapt its design to rural locations, which have

corresponding to the introduction; Section 2 of

materials and methods describes the methodology;

Section 3 shows the results; Section 4 focuses on the

discussion and finally, the conclusions.

Finally, SG90 servomotors are used to move the

base horizontally and the solar panel vertically.

servomotor are in “ESP32Servo.h”, while “WiFi.h”

and “time.h” allow to initialize the Wi-Fi network.

calibration is essential to ensure the accuracy and

efficiency of the solar tracking mechanism

operation. During the data acquisition process, the

voltages obtained from the photoresistors (LDR) are

voltages are calibrated, they already have different

resistance values. Therefore, as a result, we have the

equations shown in Table 2 with respect to the

variable “v_ldr1” (equation 1), “v_ldr2” (equation

3), “v_ldr3” (equation 5) and “v_ldr4” (equation 7).

Subsequently, these values are transformed so that

they are related to the movement and directions up,

down, left and right, using the variables “prom_top”

(equation 2), “prom_bot” (equation 4), “prom_left”

(equation 6) and “prom_right” (equation 8).

When it is less than 90 in the vertical position, it

rotates horizontally clockwise, however, the

opposite occurs when it is greater than 90. The

algorithm detects when the limits of the conditioned

values, which are configured for the rotation of the

Fig. 7: System structure components

prototype. Figure 8 shows the integrated

controls the servomotor to perform the horizontal

movement of the platform, along with the LDRs and

the solar panel.

Fig. 8: Electronic components of the base and upper

part of the structure

photovoltaic station, battery load tests were

of the solar cell location mechanisms, LDR data,

and servomotor status, an information visualization

stage was integrated using a ThingSpeak web

service, which provides an interface for remote

access. The ESP32 module sends this information

via the Internet to monitor widgets, using the HTTP

protocol, to display the LDR data, servomotor

status, and activation of the tracking system as seen

generating an average current of 80mA during a

short-circuit measurement and managing it

effectively, guaranteeing optimal operation of the

prototype in the pilot test.

adequately showed that the system operated

continuously 24 hours a day, optimizing the

obtaining of light for the solar panel during the

hours of greatest intensity, verifying the

visualization of the LDR data obtained for real-time

[5] A. Shah Irshad, N. Kargar, M. H. Elkholy,

[7] F. Jamshidi, M. R. Salehizadeh, R. Yazdani,

[9] V. E. Rudnik, R. A. Ufa, and Y. Y. Malkova,

[10] X. Lu and S. Wang, “A GIS-based assessment

[12] C. Cacciuttolo, X. Guardia, and E. Villicaña,

[13] K. E. Melgar Dionicio, C. A. Ravines Salazar,

[22] R. Maurya, S. R. Arya, R. K. Saini, and J.

[23] R. Yauri and R. Espino, “Embedded

[24] A. Mohamad, M. T. A. Rahman, K.

[25] I. Abadi, E. H. Setyawan, and D. R.

[27] P. Ezhilvannan, D. Ramasamy, S. K.

[30] R. Pujol-Nadal and G. Cardona,