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        <full_title>International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science</full_title>
        <issn media_type="electronic">2769-2507</issn>
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      <journal_article>
        <titles>
          <title>Reconnaissance, Signal Stabilization using Deterministic/Gaussian Signals, &amp; Suppression of Limit Cycles in 3×3 Systems with Memory Type Nonlinearities</title>
        </titles>
        <contributors>
          <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Kartik Chandra</given_name>
            <surname>Patra</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Department of Electrical Engineering C. V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752054, INDIA</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
            <ORCID>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4693-4883</ORCID>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Asutosh</given_name>
            <surname>Patnaik</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Department of Electrical Engineering C. V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752054, INDIA</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
          </person_name>
        </contributors>
        <jats:abstract>
          <jats:p>The paper presents an innovative graphical technique that uses computer graphics in conjunction with geometric tools in the estimation of limit cycles (LC) in 3×3 nonlinear (NL) systems with rectangular hysteresis and backlash Nonlinearities. In the event the system exhibits LCs under autonomous conditions, the work explores the possibility of mitigating/quenching limit cycling oscillations through signal stabilization using high-frequency deterministic/Gaussian signals. In addition, another attempt is taken to suppress LCs by the pole placement (PP) technique through state feedback. The state feedback gain matrix K is determined either by arbitrary selection ensuring a complete state controllability condition or by optimal selection from the Riccati equation. To avoid the mathematical complexity of formulation for 3×3 memory-type Nonlinearities, in particular for estimation/prediction of LCs, a novel graphical method is developed using the most common and popular describing function (DF), assuming harmonic balance with proper justification that the linear components of systems possess low-pass characteristics. The complexity and criticality in the mathematical expression (which diminish problem insight) are mitigated when the system exhibits LC predominantly at a single frequency. The proposed methods are demonstrated through practical examples and validated using digital simulations, implemented via a program developed in MATLAB. These results are further substantiated by those obtained using the SIMULINK toolbox in the MATLAB environment.
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        </jats:abstract>
        <publication_date media_type="print">
          <month>07</month>
          <day>13</day>
          <year>2026</year>
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          <month>07</month>
          <day>13</day>
          <year>2026</year>
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        <pages>
          <first_page>38</first_page>
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          <item_number item_number_type="article_number">4</item_number>
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          <doi>10.37394/232027.2026.8.4</doi>
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