Energy Management in the nodes of telecommunications network

systems

NIETO TRELLES DILSON JHONATHAN

Postgraduate Directorate

Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi

Latacunga

ECUADOR - QUITO

Abstract: - Currently there is a significant increase in energy consumption, due to the use of electronic devices,

at the same time the use of renewable energy has grown to reduce the impact of greenhouse gases. Therefore,

the importance of implementing energy management in telecommunications networks to reduce costs and

negative environmental impacts. So in this article we propose the implementation of an intelligent EMS

architecture for telecommunications networks with the use of ZigBee and communication and data transfer

elements. In addition, it has a server that collects and calculates energy generation and consumption data to

establish usage and purchase patterns and creates useful information for statistical analysis. Finally, it is

expected that this scheme will optimize the energy of the telecommunications network and result in energy

savings

Key-Words: elecommunications, renewable energy, management, energy, energy efficiency, reduction of

costs

Received: April 11, 2024. Revised: September 15, 2024. Accepted: October 5, 2024. Published: November 4, 2024.

1 Introduction

The normalization of the use of ICT has implied a

significant increase in the energy footprint [1].

According to Van Heddeghem et. al (2007), energy

suppliers record a growth in electricity consumption

from 160 TWh/year in 2007 to 259 TWH/year in

2012. Likewise, Gelenbe and Caseau (2015) point

out that consumption related to ICT , represents

4.7% worldwide, despite the fact that more efficient

ICT technologies are developed every year,

considering energy savings, but it is not considered

sufficient to reverse the trend of growth in the

energy footprint, causing ICTs are responsible for

23% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2030

[4].

Likewise according to Ejaz et. al (2017), the use of

internet devices increases exponentially and

consequently the demand for energy. So, energy

efficiency and the useful life of the devices are

important factors to reduce the environmental

impact [6]. Kim et. to the (2014), states that the

energy management design is directly related to the

energy collection capacity, whether solar, wind,

vibrational, thermal or produced by radio waves.

Ulukus et. al (2015), establishes that the energy

harvesting capability directly involves the network

protocol design, leading to harvesting-aware

solutions to problems such as: topology control [9],

routing [10], control access [11], transmission

policies [12], management control based on

programming [13], data cycles [14] and admission

control [15].

Tan et al. (2015) describes that the formation of

links between nodes depends on the available

resources and energy, because long distance links

require greater energy transmission. On the other

hand, Hieu et al. (2016) points out that adequate

energy management must consider residual energy,

produced energy and link quality. Despite the

importance of energy management, in relation to the

use of ICT and its negative impact on the

environment, it is a topic that has been very little

researched, limiting the information for making

policies and/ or strategies to improve energy

management, especially in telecommunications

networks. So, we propose to evaluate energy

management in nodes for intelligent

telecommunications networks. For which a scheme

is developed that considers energy consumption,

based on a ZigBee and a solar energy Gateway.

Applying an energy management system (EMS)

architecture, developed by Han et al. (2014), which

considers both energy consumption and generation.

International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

DOI: 10.37394/232027.2024.6.30

Nieto Trelles Dilson Jhonathan

E-ISSN: 2769-2507

252

Volume 6, 2024

According to [26-27], distributed generation will

be a factor that facilitates the gradual migration

from a conventional generation system to a

renewable energy scheme, so Fig. 1 shows the areas

for energy intervention. Zou et al. (2016), considers

solar energy production for the future, for which it

proposes routing and grouping algorithms of nodes,

with the aim of making data transmission more

efficient and optimal. Likewise, Saleem et al.

(2016), states that energy prediction allows the use

of an energy management scheme to maximize its

performance. According to Qureshi et al. (2017),

having an adequate scheme for energy prediction

makes it possible to improve the energy

management of available resources and gives rise to

establishing improved protocols to have an efficient

energy supply system. This article is an extension of

energy management in telecommunications

networks, for which the document is divided into

sections to describe the problem, the results and

conclusions of the article.

2 Problem Formulation

2.1 System architecture

Over the years, technology has been developed to

produce correct the grid energy-efficient devices or

equipment [20-21]. On the other hand, currently

renewable energies are more used for energy self-

sufficiency considering a medium and long-term

investment [22], although there are also non-

renewable sources with a minimum percentage of

pollution compared to conventional generation such

as cogeneration. with natural gas [23-24]. At the

same time, tools such as distributed generation are

also used to improve efficiency and guarantee the

reliability and resilience of the network [25].

According to [26-27], distributed generation will be

a factor that facilitates the gradual migration from a

conventional generation system to a renewable

energy scheme, so Fig. 1 shows the areas for energy

intervention.

Fig. 1 Areas of intervention in management energy.

So, a new architecture is used for the energy-

efficient telecommunications network, considering

that the network at the energy level is composed of

consumption and generation. Regarding energy

generation, we have two schemes: 1. Electric energy

and 2. renewable energy such as solar. Therefore,

considering that the network consumes and generates

energy, a control and monitoring device is required

to verify and minimize the energy cost. Fig. 2 shows

the architecture of the EMS system, which considers

all the equipment and devices for the operation of

correct the grid energy-consuming

telecommunications and solar energy resources.

Fig. 2 Scheme of the EMS architecture of the

network.

Energy consumption is monitored through an

energy measurement and communication unit

(EMCU), which has been installed in the outlet

of each device, in order to measure energy and

consumption, this information is received by the

ZigBee server.

On the other hand, the generation of the solar

system, which consists of solar panels, eight

batteries, a solar inverter, and the REG, which

guarantees the generation of energy, energy

monitoring and its accumulation. This network

International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

DOI: 10.37394/232027.2024.6.30

Nieto Trelles Dilson Jhonathan

E-ISSN: 2769-2507

253

Volume 6, 2024

architecture guarantees that the REG collects

data and these are transferred via Ethernet to the

server, to analyze energy generation and

consumption data.

The EMS depends heavily on the server for the

analysis of energy consumption and generation

information, so that energy use and generation

profiles can be established, estimating the

amount of renewable energy generated,

considering the weather forecasts calculated on

the Internet.

So, the generation of energy with solar panels

has several correlations with the climate.

Therefore, once the correlations are identified,

the server estimates the future generation of

renewable energy. From there, the server

performs the cost- benefit comparison with the

energy prices of public service companies, so

that it can manage and control the energy use of

the network. Therefore, this allows strategies to

be taken to optimize the use of solar energy,

allows us to have updated information in real

time and to be able to carry out adequate energy

management, always relating generation and

use.

The server is responsible for managing the

EMCUs installed through the ZigBee app. The

server through a node control block monitors

and controls the EMCUs. In such a way that,

with the help of an energy manager and with the

data obtained over time, information is created

to determine energy use patterns throughout the

telecommunications network.

For which, the energy manager, taking into

account the relationship with solar radiation,

analyzes the generation of renewable energy

and establishes weather patterns, in order to

estimate renewable energy based on

meteorological predictions. Finally, the server,

based on the energy generation data, modifies

the programming of the devices to reduce the

energy cost, that is, it will alternate the use of

solar energy or electrical energy, considering

the low generation of renewable energy and the

energy prices of public companies, this will

make according to the priority of the operation.

2.2 Energy Management and

Communication Unit (EMCU)

The EMCU is the key part for measuring power,

energy, power factor, through an integrated circuit

(IC) for energy consumption [3]. The IC determines

power and energy by measuring voltage and current

at different sample periods. Power factor results

from the difference between voltage and current. So

the IC stores the accumulated energy data, so that

the power and factor calculation is in real time, and

also includes an energy control to supply energy to

the devices.

On the other hand, the IC guarantees

communication between the EMCU and the server,

so that it adopts ZigBee and the network to transfer

energy, power, power factor, voltage and current.

2.3 Renewable energy gateway

The generation of solar energy is monitored with a

PLC modem, with TCP/IP communication, so that

the performance is calculated through the data

collected. The REG makes its communication

through three interfaces: PLC with the solar panel,

Ethernet for the server and an RS-485 for inverters

[13].

2.4 Remote Energy Management Server

(REMS)

The REMS stores energy usage information for

equipment and power generation. Once with the

data, the REMS calculates the energy consumption

of the network, with which it determines the

standard energy use.

3 Problem Solution

The REMS, EMCU, PLC modem, REG and server

components were developed in the laboratory.

Fig. 3 shows the devices connected to the EMCUs

and the solar system of the telecommunications

network. The figure describes the consumption of

equipment energy, where several patterns have been

identified, also shows us the consumption and total

cost of energy from the electrical network. From the

app, the user can consult information on the energy

generation and consumption characteristics of the

equipment.

International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

DOI: 10.37394/232027.2024.6.30

Nieto Trelles Dilson Jhonathan

E-ISSN: 2769-2507

254

Volume 6, 2024

Fig. 3 Telecommunications network, implemented

EMS.

The REMS interface allows you to view graphs

regarding the electricity use rate, statistical

information on the energy consumption of the

network over the operating time.

In Fig. 4, the EMCU prototype is shown, which is

connected to the alternating current power line, so

that it measures and controls the electrical energy of

each device or equipment, the same one that will

carry out the data transfer to the server. through

ZigBee communication EMS architecture.

Fig. 4 EMCU, connects online with the renewable

energy grid storage.

The board developed for the operation of the PLC

modem and the Renewable Energy Gateway

performs current and voltage detection and

communication. Likewise, the REG communicates

with the solar inverter through RS-485, allowing the

collection of information. So that the correct

functioning of the hardware is guaranteed so that

energy management can be measured, verified,

controlled and executed in the telecommunications

network.

4 Conclusion

Once the renewable energy network with solar

panels is installed, the energy consumption for the

operation of the network and telecommunications

nodes allows savings in energy costs, so it is

verified that it is important that energy consumption

and generation are simultaneous, to guarantee

optimal and efficient operation of the

telecommunications network.

So the intelligent EMS architecture is a proposal

that considers consumption and generation, through

the EMCU they measure energy consumption with

ZigBee coordination to transfer data. This structure

allows determining energy consumption patterns in

the telecommunications network.

Likewise, the REG collects energy generation and

consumption data from solar panels, estimating

energy generation by estimating the weather

forecast. Finally, with the information obtained,

energy use can be controlled to minimize energy

costs, also allowing users to monitor the energy

information of the network. This is expected to

improve energy management in telecommunications

networks, reducing greenhouse gases and energy

costs.

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Contribution of Individual Authors to the

Creation of a Scientific Article (Ghostwriting

Policy)

The authors equally contributed in the present

research, at all stages from the formulation of the

problem to the final findings and solution.

Sources of Funding for Research Presented in a

Scientific Article or Scientific Article Itself

No funding was received for conducting this study.

Conflict of Interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare

that are relevant to the content of this article.

Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

(Attribution 4.0 International, CC BY 4.0)

This article is published under the terms of the

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International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

DOI: 10.37394/232027.2024.6.30

Nieto Trelles Dilson Jhonathan

E-ISSN: 2769-2507

257

Volume 6, 2024