49c556d0-2c50-4507-8e2e-593644bb073820250304061925393wseas:wseasmdt@crossref.orgMDT DepositWSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT2224-34961790-507910.37394/232015http://wseas.org/wseas/cms.action?id=4031110202511020252110.37394/232015.2025.21https://wseas.com/journals/ead/2025.phpElviantoWihatnoDoctoral Program of National Resilience Studies, Postgraduate School, University of Brawijaya St. MT. Haryono No.163, Ketawanggede, Lowokwaru, Malang City INDONESIAMoeljadiMoeljadiDoctoral Program of National Resilience Studies, Postgraduate School, University of Brawijaya St. MT. Haryono No.163, Ketawanggede, Lowokwaru, Malang City INDONESIAMildaIstiqomahDoctoral Program of National Resilience Studies, Postgraduate School, University of Brawijaya St. MT. Haryono No.163, Ketawanggede, Lowokwaru, Malang City INDONESIASolimunSolimunDoctoral Program of National Resilience Studies, Postgraduate School, University of Brawijaya St. MT. Haryono No.163, Ketawanggede, Lowokwaru, Malang City INDONESIAThe COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the need for nations like Indonesia to strengthen defense and disaster management frameworks against biological risks. Collaborative governance integration emerges as a key strategy to ensure a unified response to protect national security and public health. This research aims to identify determinants of collaborative governance in addressing biological threats. A Systematic Literature Review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines in May 2021. Eligible studies were sourced from databases like PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, focusing on collaborative governance determinants in managing biological threats. Content analysis methods were used for data extraction and analysis. Analysis of 22 articles identified 12 key determinants of collaborative governance in managing biological threats. These include institutional structure, leadership, stakeholder engagement, transparency and communication, social capital, resource mobilization, technology and innovation, policy tools and measures, community participation, inter-agency coordination, evidence-based medicine, and local community involvement. The review highlights the multifaceted nature of collaborative governance in addressing biological threats. Understanding and leveraging these determinants are crucial for policymakers and stakeholders to enhance the resilience of governance frameworks and protect public health during health emergencies. These insights inform evidence-based policies and interventions to mitigate the impact of biological threats, contributing to global health security.34202534202572827https://wseas.com/journals/ead/2025/a145115-1236.pdf10.37394/232015.2025.21.7https://wseas.com/journals/ead/2025/a145115-1236.pdf10.1111/puar.12432Bryson JM, Crosby BC, Stone MM. 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