Construction of an Evaluation Model of Traditional Culture Perception
based on Geographic Environment Differences
WENJUN ZHANG*, QUANLIN LI
International College,
Krirk University,
Bangkok, 10220,
THAILAND
*Corresponding Author
Abstract: - The influence of geography on traditional culture is very great, so there are big differences in the
geography reflected by different cultural arts. The closedness and openness of the geographical environment
directly affect the form and content of culture and art, and the same culture and art form different factions and
styles due to geographical differences. Based on this, this paper takes the Teochew zither and the Hakka zither
as examples to discuss the construction of the traditional culture perception evaluation model, in order to be
able to provide certain references for the study of cultural diversity.
Key-Words: - geographic differences, Physical and geographical factors, guzheng; traditional culture, cultural
perception, evaluation model.
Received: August 23, 2023. Revised: May 29, 2024. Accepted: July 2, 2024. Published: August 8, 2024.
1 Introduction
Natural geographic factors have an inescapable
influence on the development of ethnic music, [1].
The difference in geographical environment is also a
key factor that leads to the division of the same kind
of art into different factions. Based on this, this
paper discusses the formation factors and cultural
perception evaluation of the styles of Teochew
zither and Hakka zither based on geographic
differences, so as to provide certain references for
the development of traditional cultural perception
evaluation.
2 Factors for the Formation of
Chaozhou Zither and Hakka
Zither Styles based on Geographic
Differences
2.1 Human Geographic Conditions
Chaozhou area was ruled by the Han people for
nearly a hundred years during the Qin Dynasty, so a
large number of Central Plains people migrated to
this area, after that, due to a number of riots in
different periods, Central Plains Han people also
migrated to this area one after another. The local
indigenous people, the Min-Yue ethnic group, and
the Han Chinese from the Central Plains continued
to merge, forming the current residents of
Chaozhou. The Hakka region was formed later than
Chaozhou, but like the Chaozhou region, people
from the Central Plains migrated to the Hakka
region and gradually integrated with the natives to
form the current residents, [2]. The difference is that
most of the Central Plains Han Chinese in Chaozhou
came from Shanxi "Qin", while most of the Central
Plains Han Chinese in the Hakka region came from
the Central China region, and the introduction of
Han culture from different regions had a certain
impact on the differences in musical styles.
Therefore, in the zither music of the Chaozhou
zither school and the Hakka zither school, the
tuning, notation, and performance are all influenced
by this special humanistic and geographical
environment.
2.2 The Relationship between the Two Zing
Schools and Regional Dialects
The Teochew dialect uses a lot of gliding sounds
when speaking, and the tone of one word can be
changed in many ways, which makes the Teochew
dialect sound sweet, soft, and with gliding sounds,
like music. The Teochew zither absorbs the
characteristics of the dialect and, on the basis of the
original music, adds techniques such as kneading
and sliding, which makes the left hand kneading
more rhythmic, such as singing and speaking, and
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makes its music beautiful, smooth, distinctive, vivid
and flexible, and also contains a wealth of feelings.
Hakka dialect is one of the most distinctive
dialects in China, and its tones are two less than
those of Teochew, mostly six tones, but at least
three tones. The division of the tones is related to
the clearness and turbidity of the vowels, the ancient
flat clear vowels are read as yinping, and the turbid
vowels are read as yangping, and the incoming
tones are also divided into yin and yang according
to the clearness and turbidity of the vowels, while
the upper and lower tones are generally not divided
into yin and yang. Due to the characteristics of this
tone, the melody of Hakka zither music is also soft
without a lack of robustness, and strong with some
tenderness, [3].
3 Validation of the Mechanism of
Action of the Theoretical Model of
Traditional Cultural Perception
3.1 Research Methods
Structure Equation Modeling (SEM) can realize
multivariate statistical analysis, which is used to
analyze the internal connection of things and predict
their future development, [4]. It usually includes
factor analysis (also known as measurement
modeling) and path analysis (also known as
structural modeling), [5]. The structural relationship
and mechanism of the perceptual model are verified
through path analysis, and the results of path
analysis can prove whether there is a relationship
between the various layers of the perceptual model
and the strength of the relationship.
Based on the assumption of the action
mechanism of the aforementioned theoretical model
of cultural perception, there should be an influence
relationship between the factors as shown in Figure
1:
Fig. 1: Path relationship diagram of the cultural
perception model
This paper carries out path analysis based on the
above relationship, such as the existence of
correlation and positive relationship between the
factors, i.e., each path exists, indicating that the
assumption of the action mechanism of the cultural
perception model can be verified.
3.2 Research Data Sources
3.2.1 Selected Research Samples
The Teochew zither and the Hakka zither are rich in
cultural connotations. Both have become intangible
cultural heritages for protection and development,
relying on rich historical and cultural resources,
attracting many visitors to explore. Based on their
resources and development conditions, they are
selected as samples for the empirical study of
cultural perception mechanism, [6].
3.2.2 Data Processing and Analysis
Using the path analysis of SPSS software, based on
the path relationship of the cultural perception
model of Figure 1, the relevant data are inputted,
and the results of the path analysis are obtained as
shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
Table 1. Summary of regression coefficients of Chaozhou zither cultural perception model Grid
X
→
Y
SE
CRz
p
Standardized path
factor
Cultural vehicle→Cultural
Connotation
0.090
2.527
0.012
0.167
Cultural Connotation→Cultural
Value
0.051
2.615
0.009
0.178
Knowledge base→Cultural
Connotation
0.084
3.123
0.002
0.207
Knowledge base→Cultural
Value
0.065
2.112
0.035
0.144
Remarks: → indicates path influence relationship
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Table 2. Summary table of regression coefficients of Hakka zither culture perception model
X
→
Y
Unstandardized path
coefficients
SE
CRz
p
Standardized
path factor
Cultural vehicle→Cultural
Connotation
0.272
0.098
2.769
0.006
0.196
Cultural Connotation→Cultural
Value
0.177
0.065
2.708
0.007
0.195
Knowledge base→Cultural
Connotation
0.175
0.056
3.117
0.002
0.220
Knowledge base→Cultural
Value
0.154
0.052
2.963
0.003
0.213
Remarks: → indicates the path effect relationship
3.3 Conclusion of Empirical Research
The results of the study show that there are three
levels in the review texts, namely, cultural carrier
feeling, cultural connotation perception, and cultural
value deduction, and the content elements assumed
in each level are reflected in the review texts. So far,
the theoretical assumptions of the theoretical model
on content elements and structural levels have been
validated.
The study of the two samples of Teochew zither
and Hakka zither shows that there is a significant
influence relationship between the structural levels
of perception and the four factors of personal-
related knowledge reserve, thus verifying that the
theoretical assumptions of the theoretical model on
the mechanism of action are valid.
4 The Construction of Evaluation
Model of Traditional Culture
Perception--Taking Chaozhou
Zither as an Example
4.1 Evaluation of Content Elements
4.1.1 Coverage
(1) Definition and formula
Coverage refers to the ratio of the number of content
elements perceived in the three levels of cultural
carrier sensation, cultural carrier perception, and
cultural value deduction to the number of content
elements at each level in the theoretical model after
the perceiver has perceived traditional culture, [7].
Its calculation formula is as follows:
degree of coverage
C
=Perceived number of
content elements
N
/Theoretical value of the
number of content elements
max
N
(1)
(2) Rating Criteria and Meaning of Indicators
This paper refers to the five-point rating scale
and categorizes the coverage of content elements of
traditional culture perception into five grades: high,
relatively high, medium, relatively low, and low.
The indicators reflect the subject being evaluated,
the diversity and richness of the content elements of
its culture that can be perceived, and the higher the
evaluation level, the higher the level of diversity and
richness of its perceived elements. Details are
shown in Table 3.
The number of content elements of Chaozhou
zither culture perception is 42 in total, the
theoretical maximum value is 48, and the coverage
rate is 87.5%, which indicates that the diversity and
richness of the cultural perception information
provided to tourists in the development of Chaozhou
zither culture is at a high level. The coverage rate of
the level of "culture carrier feeling" is 86.11%.
Table 3. Coverage of content elements perceived by Teochew zither culture
Level
N
max
N
C
Feelings of cultural carriers
31
36
86.11%
Cultural connotation perception
4
5
80%
Cultural value deduction
7
7
100%
Total
42
48
87.5%
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4.1.2 Frequency of Perception
Frequency of perception (F) refers to the number of
times the content elements of traditional culture
perception are perceived in a certain sample of
tourists' perceptions, which reflects the active
degree of perception of each content element, [8].
The higher the perceived frequency of a content
element, the more active the content element can be
perceived. The three levels of the perception model,
can be divided into the frequency of perception of
content elements of cultural carriers, the frequency
of perception of content elements of cultural
connotation, and the frequency of perception of
content elements of cultural value.
There is a big difference in the perceived
frequency of the content elements of Chaozhou
zither culture perception. At the cultural carrier
perception level, the perception frequency of zither
is exceptionally prominent, totaling 268 times,
accounting for 26.99% of the total perception
frequency of the cultural carrier perception level,
and other content elements with high perception
frequency also include cultural atmosphere
(14.80%), and the former residence of celebrities
(4.23%), which is above the average of 3.03% in the
frequency ratio. At the level of cultural connotation
perception, vernacular culture is the cultural
connotation element with the highest frequency of
perception. At the level of cultural value deduction,
artistic value, and ecological value were perceived
with the highest frequency, while educational value,
spiritual value, and research value were perceived
with the lowest frequency.
4.1.3 Quality Comprehensive Evaluation
(1) Definition and method
The quality of perception refers to the evaluation of
the degree of the perceiver's affirmation, approval,
positive attitude, and inclination towards the content
elements of traditional settlement culture perception,
[9]. Perception quality evaluation is based on the
principle of Positive comprehensive evaluation
(PCE), which systematically and comprehensively
evaluates the perceived content elements of
traditional culture, so as to quantitatively judge the
perceiver's overall evaluation of the perceived
content elements of the Hakka zither and the
Teochew zither.
(2) Establishment of indicator system
The hierarchical analysis method (AHP) is used to
construct the index system for comprehensive
evaluation of perception quality.
(3) Determine the weight of indicators
In the above evaluation of perceived frequency, the
perceived frequency of perceived content elements
under each indicator has been obtained
F
. Counting
the perceived frequency of the ith indicator as
i
F
, its
weight
i
W
is:
n
iiii FFW 1
/
(2)
The indicator weight set is:
n
WWWW ,...,,21
(3)
(4) Evaluation Synthesis
Evaluation synthesis uses the weighted composite
index method to determine the positive
comprehensive evaluation value, namely
n
iiiPWP 1
(4)
P
is the comprehensive evaluation value;
i
W
is the
weight of the ith indicator;
i
P
is the ith indicator
value;
n
is the total number of indicators.
According to the formula, the data obtained
from the questionnaire survey is used to calculate
the comprehensive evaluation, which is calculated
according to the five-point scale, and the evaluation
score of the cultural carrier feeling is 3.499, the
evaluation score of the cultural connotation
perception is 3.508, and the evaluation score of the
cultural value deduction is 3.713, and the
comprehensive evaluation score is 3.573, which is at
the medium level.
4.2 Evaluation of Structural Relationship
4.2.1 Degree of Coupling Coordination
This study introduces the coupling coordination
degree index to measure the degree of benign
coupling of the interaction between the three levels
of traditional cultural perception, including the
coupling coordination degree
c
D
of coverage, the
coupling coordination degree
f
D
of perception
frequency, and the coupling coordination
degree
p
D
of comprehensive quality evaluation,
with the following calculation formula:
ccc
dcsc
dcs
dcs
dcsc
TCD
CCCT
CCC
CCC
CCCC
3/1
3,, 3
1
3
(5)
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The degree of coverage of content elements at
the three levels of cultural carrier feeling
s
C
,
cultural connotation perception
c
C
and cultural value
deduction
d
C
, respectively.
fff
dcsf
dcs
dcs
dcsf
TCD
FFFT
FFF
FFF
FFFC
3/1
3,, 3
1
3
(6)
The average frequency of perception of the
content elements at the three levels of cultural
carrier feeling
s
F
, cultural connotation
perception
c
F
and cultural value deduction
d
F
,
respectively. As the coupling coordination degree
formula requires that the value of each item is
between (0,1], it is necessary to convert the
frequency of perception to 1-point data, and then
substitute it into the formula for calculation.
ppp
dcsp
dcs
dcs
dcsp
TCD
PPPT
PPP
PPP
PPPC
3/1
3,, 3
1
3
(7)
As indicated above.
The coverage and quality evaluation
coordination of the three levels of sensation,
perception, and deduction are at the level of quality
coordination, and the frequency of perception is at
the level of good coordination, mainly because the
frequency of perception at the level of perception is
too low. The evaluation results of Chaozhou Zheng's
cultural perception structure are shown in Table 4.
4.2.2 Structure Level Coefficient
(1) Definition and formula
Drawing on the index of industrial structure
hierarchy coefficient 3, the formula for the structural
hierarchy index of traditional cultural perception is
constructed:
n
i
n
ipjFW 1 1
(8)
jFp
is the ratio of the average perception
frequency of the content elements at the three levels
of cultural carrier feeling, cultural connotation
perception, and cultural value deduction to the total
perception frequency, [10].
(2) Evaluation Criteria and Meaning of Indicators
As shown in Table 5. When the structure of cultural
perception is in the low or medium-low level, the
reasons can be analyzed with the data and adjusted
and optimized in the development planning and
design.
Substitute the percentage of the average
perception frequency of the three levels of cultural
carrier feeling, cultural connotation perception, and
cultural value deduction into the calculation. The
average perception frequency share of the three
levels is 0.4357, 0.2553, and 0.3090 respectively,
and the structure level coefficient is 1.8733, which
is at the advanced level.
4.2.3 Path Analysis
Based on the cultural perception hierarchical
influence relationship model, path analysis was
conducted in SPSS software, and the analysis results
shown in Table 6 were obtained.
As can be seen from the above table, among the
influences of cultural carrier and cultural
connotation, the number of UN-standardized path
coefficients is 0.268 and the number of Standardized
path factors is 0.193 > 0, so it means that the path
from cultural carrier to cultural connotation is
significant at the level of 0.01, where z=2.667, p =
0.008 and p<0.01, which indicates that cultural
carrier will have a negative impact on culture.
Among the influences of cultural connotation and
cultural value, the values of Unstandardized path
coefficients and Standardized path factor are 0.175
and 0.182 > 0, which means that the path from
cultural connotation to cultural value has obvious
significance at the level of 0.05, where z=2.508, p =
0.012 and p<0.05), which indicates that cultural
connotation has a significant positive influence on
cultural value.
4.3 Analysis of Evaluation Results
The evaluation results of the above indicators are
analyzed. From the evaluation results of the
coverage index, it can be seen that the perceivable
cultural content elements provided by the current
Chaozhou zither have a certain degree of diversity,
and can bring rich perceived content elements to the
perceiving group.
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Table 4. Evaluation results of perceptual structure coordination of Chaozhou zither culture
sensory
Perception
deduce
Coupling
C
Harmonization
index
T
Harmonization
index
P
Coverage
0.8611
0.8000
1
0.9956
0.8870
0.939
Frequency of
perception
1
0.5859
0.7094
0.9754
0.7651
0.8639
Quality
Evaluation
0.9424
0.9448
1
0.9996
0.9624
0.9808
Table 5. Structure level grading criteria
Structural hierarchy factor
W
[1,1.25)
[1.25,1.5)
[1.5,1.75)
[1.75,2]
Structural hierarchy level
Low level
Medium-low level
mid-to-high level
advanced
Table 6. Model regression coefficient summary grid
X
→
Y
Unstandardized path
coefficients
SE
CRz
p
Standardized
path factor
cultural vehicle→Cultural
Connotation
0.268
0.100
2.667
0.008
0.193
Cultural Connotation→Cultural
Value
0.175
0.070
2.508
0.012
0.182
From the evaluation of the three indicators of
structural relationship, it can be seen that the
cultural perception structure of the Chaozhou zither
is complete, and the role of the mechanism is played
more fully, indicating that in the culture of the
Chaozhou zither, the cultural carrier can basically
express the cultural connotation, and the cultural
connotation has a high cultural value, [11].
In addition to the above relatively advantageous
evaluation results, there are also some problems in
the cultural perception of the Chaozhou zither.
According to the evaluation results, the coverage,
frequency of perception, and comprehensive
evaluation of the perceptual level of cultural
connotation are lower than that of cultural carrier
feeling and cultural value deduction, indicating that
the effect of perception from the cultural
connotation is poorer in comparison with that of the
cultural carrier, [12]. The frequency and quality of
perception of the cultural connotations of the
Chaozhou zither culture are relatively low,
indicating that the excavation of the cultural
connotations is not deep enough, [13]. On the other
hand, the frequency and quality of perception of the
perceivers of the cultural value of the Chaozhou
zither are relatively high, indicating that the cultural
connotation of the Chaozhou zither has a high
historical and cultural value, and as long as the
perceivers can reach the perception of the cultural
connotation, the degree of recognition of its value is
very high. Therefore, the key to planning and
development lies in clarifying the cultural
connotation of the Chaozhou zither, determining its
cultural theme, and improving the cultural
perceptibility and readability of the Chaozhou zither
by strengthening the relationship between cultural
carriers and the representation of cultural
connotation.
5 Conclusion
Taking Chaozhou guzheng as an example, this paper
further analyzes the public's cognition of Chaozhou
guzheng culture, and further discusses the
evaluation of traditional culture perception under
geographical differences. Chaozhou guzheng
provides a certain diversity of perceptual cultural
content elements, which can bring rich perceptual
content elements to perceptual groups. The results
show that the culture of Chaozhou guzheng can
express its cultural connotation, the cultural content
elements are relatively rich, and the cultural carrier
can express its cultural values, but its perception of
cultural connotation is relatively low. Therefore, in
the later spread of Chaozhou guzheng, the key to
planning and development lies in clarifying the
cultural connotation of Chaozhou guzheng and
determining its cultural theme, so as to improve its
cultural cognition and readability.
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Contribution of Individual Authors to the
Creation of a Scientific Article (Ghostwriting
Policy)
The authors equally contributed in the present
research, at all stages from the formulation of the
problem to the final findings and solution.
Sources of Funding for Research Presented in a
Scientific Article or Scientific Article Itself
No funding was received for conducting this study.
Conflict of Interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
(Attribution 4.0 International, CC BY 4.0)
This article is published under the terms of the
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