density is one of the most important parameters of
urban planning. The building density must be fully
compliant with the road, technical, social,
educational, road, technical, social, educational, etc.
infrastructure parameters. In addition, the density of
the building must also ensure the fulfillment of other
conditions such as; natural lighting, ventilation, fire
extinguishing, etc.
Plans can be considered assets of agendas,
policies, designs, and strategies for physical
development, summarized in a ‘two-dimensional
layout of the physical form of the city’; urban
development regulations are binding rules
concerning ‘what is built, where it is built, and when
and how it is built’, [7]. Generally, these take the
form of land use regulations, zoning ordinances, and
building codes. Such regulations generally have the
force of law, unlike master plans, which city
councils consult, [8]. Well, there is a strong need for
an integrated national policy, a strong need for
special development control mechanisms, a
moderately strong need for a separate format for
preparing the Development Proposal Report, a
moderate need for special planning standards, and
some support for revising the present town and
country planning to satisfy the town development,
[9]. The elements needed to formulate measures
adapted to the needs of society are being designed to
ensure the consolidation of the urban morphology.
This can be seen in the historic centers, [10].
In Kosovo, spatial planning control is also
carried out through the building permit. This permit
is required for any construction work inside or
outside the settlement. It is a combined planning and
building control system, that regulates the
construction and demolition of buildings, as well as
the change of land use. However, in most cases,
these rules on the ground are overlooked, avoiding
standards. Consequently, most of our cities have
been caught by chaos, especially after the last war in
Kosovo in 1999.
2 Literature Review
Decision-making in the spatial planning process is
focused on spatial planning theories, laws, and
systems, but they do not dealing with concrete
issues regarding urban development. Cities are
complex organizational systems, where for
sustainable development and efficient use of urban
areas, the interconnection of theories, planning laws,
and spatial planning parameters is required. For
sustainable urban planning, it is required to have:
efficient land management, adequate infrastructure,
protection and services, [11].
In the process of drawing up urban development
plans, and other development plans, the parameters
of urban planning are important, such as population
density calculations, calculation of the population
size at the end of the forecasted period, the way of
land use, the coefficient of construction, etc. Many
authors have addressed all these problems.
The application of urban parameters and
development control mechanisms helps in the
realization of urban centers with sustainable
development. To improve the living environment,
such as transport system, public safety,
minimization of negative externalities, efficiency of
land use, equal access to urban land, social welfare,
etc.
Population projection techniques can be simple
and straightforward or exotic and complex, [12]. A
very important indicator is the population density
that can be predicted from population projections.
Many demographers developed an innovative
approach and described a model of population
density. It concludes that past growth rates, and
population density, measured in people/ ha, affect
population changes, affect population changes. At
different stages of the community life cycle,
maximum population density changes and growth
decline results. Under this model, communities
progress through the initial stages. Maturity and
decline are each represented by mathematically
derived critical density ceilings. Because its output
is expressed in persons per hectare, and population
is established by multiplying that figure with the
current area of the community, the model can
account for annexations or their boundary changes.
It also allows what-if analysis that produces
different results depending on where the community
is in its life cycle and how the analyst categorizes
the community with calculated projected
parameters, [13]. A low level of economic
development, which leads to emigration of the
young members of society, is among the major
factors causing population decrease. Development
controls such as growth control lower the urban
population growth path and thus create smaller
cities; this eliminates congestion and overcrowding
and thus has a welfare-enhancing effect on the
residents of the city, [14]. This happens also in
Kosovo in general and in the Municipality of
Kaçanik in particular.
Many authors have described the application of
density measures in urban planning and regulation.
“Accommodation density”, or the number of
habitable rooms/acre, is problematic because the
number of persons per room is not taken into
account, and the definition of “habitable” rooms is
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on ENVIRONMENT and DEVELOPMENT
DOI: 10.37394/232015.2024.20.12
Ferim Gashi, Ibrahim Ramadani