Coastal Community Empowerment based on Marine Tourism
Development Strategy Case Study in West Java Province, Indonesia
ATIKAH NURHAYATI1, NORA AKBARSYAH1, ASEP K SUPRIATNA2
1Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Padjadjaran,
Highway Jatinangor, Sumedang Regency 45363, West Java Province,
INDONESIA
2Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran,
Highway Jatinangor, Sumedang Regency 45363, West Java Province,
INDONESIA
Abstract: - The potential for developing coastal areas in West Java for marine tourism continues to be
increased. The development of marine tourism areas is an option for local economic recovery after Covid-19
for coastal areas. This research aims to analyze the resilience and development strategy for marine tourism in
west java province, Indonesia. This research was conducted between March until August 2022 in the Southern
coastal area of West Java Province, Indonesia This research used primary and secondary data. The respondent
sampling technique used cluster random sampling of 100 respondents, which consisted of tourists, tour guides,
and tourist destination managers. The analytical tool used SWOT analysis, validity, and reliability of the data
tested. Based on the analysis results coastal community empowerment based on marine tourism development
strategy in quadrant I is a very favorable situation. The coastal community empowerment based on the marine
tourism development strategy has opportunities and strengths so that it can take advantage of the opportunities
that exist. The strategy for coastal community empowerment based on marine tourism development strategy
must be established in this quadrant to support aggressive growth policies. The results of testing the Internal
External Matrix show that the position of the coastal community empowerment based on marine tourism
development is in quadrant I with several internal and external weighting scores of 3.13 and 3.03, respectively.
Key-Words: - coastal community, development strategy, empowerment, marine tourism, internal external factor
Received: February 14, 2023. Revised: May 27, 2023. Accepted: June 26, 2023. Published: July 21, 2023.
1 Introduction
Since the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019
(Covid-19) in Indonesia on March 11, 2020, [1], [2],
social restrictions are imposed on the community,
including activities for marine tourism. The
Indonesian government has taken several policy
steps in terminating and preventing the transmission
of Covid-19 in marine tourism. This condition
decreases the income of the community marine
tourism industry. Entering the new normal era, the
implementation of community empowerment is
required to adapt and change old patterns to manage
coastal marine tourism. Community empowerment
action is an effort to provide power or strength for
the community to overcome the problems it faces,
[3], [4], [5], [6], [7].
West Java province is one of the regions that has
a wealth of biodiversity and marine tourism.
Management of the coastal area of West Java
continues to be carried out to increase the regional
economy, through empowerment and institutional
strengthening of local wisdom of coastal
communities. Management of coastal areas requires
planning in allocating marine tourism areas, and
stage cross-sectoral coordination and cooperation,
[8], [9]. According to the World Travel & Tourism
Council “Sustainable tourism development meets
the needs of tourists and local community while
protecting and enhancing opportunity for the
future”, [10]. It is important to engage hosted-area
residents in the process of tourism planning through
education, extension, and collaboration among all
marine tourism stakeholders, [11], [12], [13].
Coastal community empowerment can be
defined as the process of planning, implementing,
and improving the scale of the utility of coastal zone
management for human well-being, [14], [15]. Thus,
coastal community empowerment is a development
carried out for coastal communities by increasing
the ability to determine their future, [16], [17].
Empowerment of the community in marine tourism
destinations is in line with the culture tourism rule
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Atikah Nurhayati,
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and environmentally friendly perspective that is
developed on the south coast of West Java Province
to reach sustainable development, [11]. Coastal
community empowerment is a public concern and is
considered one of the appropriate approaches to
overcoming environmental and social problems,
such as nature conservation and poverty.
Community empowerment should be carried out by
all involved stakeholders, including government
businesses, local communities, and non-government
organizations, [11], [12]. Coastal community
empowerment is an effort to continuously improve
the dignity of the lower layer of the coastal
community, who were not able to escape from the
trap of poverty and underdevelopment, using coastal
area resources for marine tourism, [5], [12], [18].
Based on the background, the purpose of this
research is to analyze the development strategy for
marine tourism in west java province, Indonesia.
This research is beneficial for local communities in
coastal areas by empowering communities to
develop marine tourism areas and providing
knowledge and learning for the wider community
related to marine tourism development strategies
2 Problem Formulation
The research was conducted from March 2022 -
August 2022 and used Participatory Rural Appraisal
(PRA). The research method used is a case study.
The research location was determined in the
southern coastal areas of West Java, which includes
the districts of southern Sukabumi, southern
Cianjur, southern Garut, and Pangandaran, West
Java Province, Indonesia. The types of data used in
this research include primary data and secondary
data. The primary data was obtained by survey
method through observation, distributing
questionnaires, and interviews. Also, Focus Group
Discussion (FGD) to discuss a problem in a focused
way.
The secondary data were obtained through a
literature study. Data analysis used descriptive
statistics. This study used purposive sampling. The
sample consists of 100 respondents, including 25
fishermen, 60 local tourists, and 13 tour guides of
marine tourism, 2 local government. Representative
respondents of the population were collected with a
reduced version of the entire population, where all
the different characteristics of the population were
present, with equal inclusion of probabilities, [19].
The first section of the questionnaire addressed
the socio-demographic aspects and characteristics of
respondents and the internal factors of coastal
community empowerment. The second part dealt
with the external factor of coastal community
empowerment. These questions were measured on a
5-point Likert scale where 5= Strongly Agree; 4 =
Agree; 3 = Undecided; 2 = Disagree; 1 = Strongly
Disagree, [19], [20]. In this research, the Likert
scale was used to measure attitudes, knowledge,
perceptions, values, and changes in behaviors in the
process of empowering coastal communities,
especially in the marine tourism sector.
2.1 Questionnaire Validity Test
A validity test is a test of precision between the
observed and the expected observation in this
research. A validity test is used to measure the
validity of a questionnaire. This validity test is
carried out on each question item by looking for the
calculated R-value or the correlation coefficient of
each question item, [21], [22]. The sums relation
coefficient in the validity test can be calculated
using the Rank Spearman formula as follows:
=1-
(1)
Where is:
rs =Rank Spearman Correlation Coefficient
d= Difference Each Rank
n= Number of Data Pairs
Measurement of validity must have the following
criteria:
1. If r count > r table, then the data is valid
2. If r count < r table, then the data is not valid.
2.2 Questionnaire Reliability Test
Reliability is the measure of consistency in the
answers to a research questionnaire. The reliability
test is used to determine the consistency or
confidence of the measurement results that contain
measurement accuracy. Reliability shows the
consistency of the questionnaire to respondents'
responses in several tests under different conditions
with the same questionnaire. The reliability test can
be calculated using Cronbach's Alpha formula as
follows:
Where is:
:
Instrument Reliability
K
:
Number of questions
:
Number of item variants
:
Total variance
Measurement of instrument reliability has the
following provisions:
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1. If r11 > 0.60, then the question items from the
questionnaire are said to be reliable
2. If r11 < 0.60, then the question items from the
questionnaire are said to be unreliable
2.3 SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses,
Opportunities, and Threats) used for
Evaluation of a Coastal Community
Empowerment based on Marine Tourism or
Business Activity
SWOT Analysis is a tool used for strategic planning
and strategic management in organizations,
including Coastal community empowerment based
on marine tourism development strategy. SWOT
Analysis is a strategic planning framework used in
the evaluation of coastal community empowerment
based on marine tourism or business activity, [23],
[24].
SWOT Analysis has two factors, that are internal
and external. Internal factors include organizational
factors, also strengths, and weaknesses, external
factors include environmental factors, also
opportunities, and threats. Strengths and weaknesses
are internal factors, and opportunities and threats are
external factors. SWOT Analysis is a strategic
planning tool used to evaluate the strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of coastal
community empowerment based on a marine
tourism development strategy.
Table 1. Matrix SWOT Analysis
Strength
Weakness
Opportunity
Create
strategies that
used strengths
to take
advantage of
opportunities
Create
strategies
that
minimize
weaknesses
to take
advantage of
opportunities
Threat
Create
strategies that
used strength to
overcome
threats
Create
strategies
that
minimize
weaknesses
and avoid
threats
SWOT Analysis forms a thinking model for
organizational management as an approach and
analysis technique. This model gives one the
opportunity for information gathering and
interpretation and shows the points that the
decisions are based on decision strategy, [25], [26].
3 Problem Solution
3.1 Research Location
Geographically, West Java Province is located at a
position of 106° 22' - 108° 50' east longitude and
106° 22' - 108° 50' south latitude, with regional
boundaries as follows: in the north: bordering the
Java Sea and the province of DKI Jakarta, in the
west bordering Banten province, in the east
bordering Central Java Province, and in the south
bordering the Indian Ocean. The Southern Coastal
Areas of West Java Province in Indonesia are
presented in Figure 1.
Fig 1: The Southern Coastal Areas of West Java
Province, Indonesia
Based on the results of research in the field in the
southern coastal area of West Java which has the
potential for developing marine tourism, including
Palabuhan Ratu Beach in Sukabumi, Jayanti Beach
in Cianjur, Sayang Heulang Beach in Garut,
Mandasari Beach in Pangandaran there are clean
beaches of good quality as required for marine
tourism, [23].
The sample consisted of 100 respondents, with
24% in the range between 20 – 30 years old, 36 %
were 31- 40 years old, 25 % were 41– 50 years old
and 10 % were 51 -60 years old. Considering the
education characteristics of respondents 38% were
graduates of junior high school, 22 % were
graduates of senior high school, 24 % were
graduates of elementary school 10 % were graduates
of bachelor and 16% were post-graduated.
3.2 The Validity and Reliability Test
The validity test is carried out on the questions in
each variable. The reliability test includes
dependability and stability. Content of validity
regards the representativeness for sampling
adequacy of the content of a measuring instrument.
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A question is declared valid if the validity test
shows the value of r is greater than the r table.
Based on this research aims to analyze coastal
community empowerment based on marine tourism
development strategy in West Java province,
Indonesia, from the total of 20 items of external and
internal factors in the SWOT Analysis, the value of
the validity coefficient is > 0.300. According to
Kaplan and Saccuzo, 1991, this means that the
factors are valid and can be proceeded for further
analysis. Meanwhile, from the same total of 20
items, it was found that the α value is 0.815, which
is greater than 0.6 indicating that the factors are
reliable.
3.3 Coastal Community Empowerment based
on Marine Tourism Development Strategy
using SWOT Analysis (Strengths,
Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats)
Community empowerment in coastal areas,
including the marine tourism community is a public
concern and is considered as one of the appropriate
approaches in overcoming socio-economic
problems, especially poverty. Community
empowerment should be carried out by various
elements ranging from local and central
government, local communities, businesses, and
society through civil society organizations, [11],
[13]. Marine tourism activities can contribute to
social and economic changes among local
communities in an area. Investment in marine
tourism can ensure the development of
infrastructure and public facilities in a region.
The local communities of the south coast of West
Java Province expressed their positive opinions on
infrastructure, public facilities development, and
educational opportunities aimed at marine tourism
development. The communities wanted marine
tourism activities to respect local culture and values
regarding the local ecosystem as well as improve
awareness for the conservation of fisheries
resources. Marine tourism activities impact
positively social and economic changes by
improving the quality of life and increasing living
standards in the south coastal area of the West Java
province.
Marine tourism can be supporting the livelihood
activities of local people including fishermen by
creating multiple types of jobs based on marine
tourism activities. Furthermore, marine tourism can
attract foreign investment in transportation,
accommodation, hotel, food, merchandise, and other
facility sectors. The economic benefits for local
communities are enhanced through marine tourism
activities in south coastal West Java Province and
can also lead to increased demand for local goods
and merchandise.
Marine tourism activities can be influencing the
environmental aspects in coastal areas with positive
and negative contributions. If not adequately
managed, the development of marine tourism
activities can generate waste and environmental
degradation, including plastic waste and pressure on
marine resources. The development of mass marine
tourism creates several social economic impacts,
one of which is the loss of local culture, social
economic gap, low-paid jobs for local people,
increased living costs, increased waste and
pollution, and loss of biodiversity. Conversely,
coastal areas with optimal marine tourism
management have natural resources to improve
community welfare and drive economic regional
development. For optimal marine tourism
management of coastal areas, it is crucial to carry
out integrated management based on bio-ecoregion
conditions and partnerships with stakeholders to
strengthen the capacity of coastal area management
for marine tourism. It is also essential to have local
community and related stakeholder participation in
establishing networking relations and cooperation
meaning that marine tourism management can be
optimal with collaboration between various
stakeholders in an integrated and systematic manner
The local community believes that a proper
environment management plan in marine tourism
can ensure support for the conservation of fisheries
resources, marine environment, and marine services.
So sustainable marine tourism development can
ensure local community well-being and
environmental balance in coastal south West Java
province, Indonesia. A SWOT analysis can be
useful for the assessment of a marine tourism
development strategy. By knowing internal factors,
namely strengths, and weaknesses, it is possible to
reduce weaknesses, and, at the same time, maximize
strengths. The following Table 2 is a condition
analysis that includes the conditions of internal
factors and external factors in coastal community
empowerment based on marine tourism
development strategy.
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Table 2. Internal and External Factors Coastal
Community Empowerment Based on Marine
Tourism Development
Internal
Factor
Parameter
Indicator
W
R
S
Strength
Age of
marine
tourism
business
actors
Based on the
research
results, the
characteristics
of respondents
based on age
as much as
47% are in the
age range of
30 -40 years,
and are the
productive age
to run the
marine
tourism
business
0.07
4
0.28
Entrepreneu
rial
experience
in the field
of marine
tourism
entrepreneur
ship
The majority
of marine
tourism
business actors
are fishermen
who have
more than 11
years of
fishing
experience
0.08
3
0.24
Level of
education
marine
tourism
business
The
characteristics
of respondents
based on
education 43
% completed
junior high
school
education.
0.06
2
0.12
Strengtheni
ng job
diversificati
on for
fishermen
Empowerment
of coastal
communities,
especially
fishermen as a
social
partnership
process to
improve
community
welfare
0.15
4
0.60
Post-covid-
19
pandemic
conditions
for the
tourism
sector
Post-covid-19
conditions for
the tourism
sector,
especially
marine
tourism, have
increased
tourist visits
0.11
4
0.44
Total Strength
1.68
Weakness
es
There is no
counseling
available for
marine
Counseling to
increase
knowledge as
a tour guide
0.11
3
0.33
Internal
Factor
Parameter
Indicator
W
R
S
tourism
business
actors
has not been
carried out by
the
government
continuously
Experts in
the field of
marine
tourism
based on
fishery
resource
conservatio
n are still
lacking
The level of
concern for
fishery
resource
conservation
assets for
marine
tourism is still
low
0.14
2
0.28
Saving
culture still
low
Most marine
tourism
business actors
who work as
fishermen do
not have
savings and
only save
money at
home
0.05
3
0.15
Mechanisms
and
procedures
for
implementin
g coastal
community
empowerme
nt programs
are still
weak
Empowerment
of coastal
communities
for the marine
tourism sector
requires
assistance
from extension
workers in the
field of marine
tourism in the
development
of marine
tourism
villages
0.12
3
0.36
Community
empowerme
nt aims to
reduce the
level of
poverty in
the
community
Empowerment
of coastal
communities,
especially
fishermen in
the marine
tourism sector,
is expected to
be able to
improve the
welfare of
fishermen's
households
0.11
3
0.33
Total Weakness
1
1.45
Description: 1 = very weak; 2 = rather weak; 3 = somewhat strong; and
4 = very strong
As shown in Table 2, for internal parameter
factors, the total score parameter by the strength
factor is 1.68 and the weakness factor is 1.45. Thus,
the total score of the overall factor analysis of the
internal coastal community empowerment based on
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marine tourism development strategy is 3.13. This
means that the strength and weakness factors are
very strong. From the table above it can be seen
that the results of the acquisition of strength scores
are greater than their weaknesses.
Table 3. External Parameter Factor
External
Factor
Parameter
Indicator
W
R
S
Opportunity
Potential for
marine
tourism
development
The coastal
area of West
Java has a
bio-
ecoregion
that is able
to attract
tourists to
travel
0.12
4
0.48
Government
policy in
developing
marine
tourism areas
Government
policy in
developing
marine
tourism
areas with
the marine
tourism
village
program
0.07
4
0.28
The Socio-
cultural
conditions of
coastal
communities
Socio-
cultural
conditions
of coastal
communitie
s that are an
attraction
for tourists
0.06
4
0.24
The
empowerment
program
claimed by the
government as
a solution to
alleviating the
problem of
fishermen’s
poverty
Fishermen's
income is
expected to
increase and
prosper by
diversifying
jobs in the
marine
tourism
sector
0.11
3
0.33
Marketing
Potential of
Micro, Small,
and Medium
Enterprises
The
marketing
potential of
Micro,
Small, and
Medium
Enterprise
products in
the marine
tourism
sector
0.12
3
0.36
Total Opportunity
1.69
Threat
Environmental
issues of
coastal area
resources
Awareness
of
maintaining
and
preserving
the
environment
0.11
2
0.22
External
Factor
Parameter
Indicator
W
R
S
is very
important
for the
preservation
of marine
tourism
objects
Disaster
mitigation
supervision
and
monitoring
The threat
of natural
disasters
such as
tsunamis
that have
occurred in
the southern
coastal areas
of West
Java,
Indonesia
0.15
4
0.60
Various
marine
tourism
objects based
on bio-
ecoregional
conditions
The
presence of
various
attractions
for marine
tourism in
coastal areas
is an
alternative
for tourists
in doing
recreation
0.11
2
0.22
There is a
competitive
market for
marine
tourism
There is
competition
with other
regions that
are
optimizing
the
developmen
t of marine
tourism
0.06
2
0.12
The carrying
capacity of the
marine
tourism
environment
The decline
in the
carrying
capacity of
the
environment
due to the
lack of
understandi
ng of
tourists
about the
environment
al
sustainabilit
y of fishery
and marine
resources
0.09
2
0.18
Total Threat
1.34
Total External Factor
1
3.03
As shown in Table 3, for the external parameter
factor, the total score parameter by the opportunity
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factor is 1.69 and the threat factor is 1.34. Thus, the
total score of the overall factor analysis of the
external factor of coastal community empowerment
based on marine tourism development strategy is
3.03. This means that the opportunity and threat
factors are medium. The resulting coastal
community empowerment based on marine tourism
development strategy weighting and rating carried
out through IFAS and EFAS SWOT analysis, the
final value of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities,
and threats are presented in Table 4 with Figure 2
indicating the SWOT analysis chart.
Table 4. Recapitulation of Calculation
of IFAS and EFAS
No
Description
Total Value
1
Internal Factor
Strength (S)
1.68
Weakness (W)
1.45
(Strengths- Weaknesses)
0.23
2
External Factor
Opportunity (O)
1.69
Threats (T)
1.34
(Opportunity- Threats)
0.35
From Table 4 the results of the acquisition of
strength scores are greater than their weaknesses.
Likewise, the acquisition of opportunity scores is
greater than the threat. From the table, it can be seen
that the results of the acquisition of strength scores
are greater than their weaknesses.
Fig. 2: SWOT Analysis Chart
As shown in Figure 2 SWOT Analysis Chart that
the position of coastal community empowerment
based on marine tourism development strategy in
quadrant 1 is in a very favourable situation. The
coastal community empowerment based on the
marine tourism development strategy has
opportunities and strengths so that it can take
advantage of the opportunities that exist. The
strategy for coastal community empowerment based
on marine tourism development strategy must be
established in this quadrant to support aggressive
growth policies.
Optimal marine tourism in coastal area
development can be carried out by community
empowerment, such as accelerating the development
of fisherman communities, including community-
based development. This can be achieved with the
support of all stakeholders and authorities’
regulation of the government by providing
infrastructure, accessibility, accommodations, and
building capacity of coastal local community
resources.
Furthermore, for the resulting strategy for coastal
community empowerment based on marine tourism
development can be more accurate, the researcher
uses the Internal External analysis method or the IE
matrix. The results of testing using the Internal
External Matrix are as follows: The Internal Overall
Score of IFAS=3.13 and The External Overall Score
of EFAS = 3.03
From the results of testing the IE Matrix above,
the position of the coastal community empowerment
based on marine tourism development is in quadrant
I with several internal and external weighting scores
of 3.13 and 3.03 respectively. Thus, conditions
need collaboration with various stakeholders in
empowering coastal communities living in coastal
areas, which is an appropriate strategy to increase
economic regional growth in the coastal area.
Economic regional growth in coastal areas is an
opportunity for the government to empower the
economy of fisherman communities. Collaboration
here is a relationship and cooperation between
organizations from a sociological perspective, such
as local wisdom. It can also be stated that
collaboration is a relationship and cooperation
between local governments, central government,
and non-government organizations (NGOs) to
manage the marine tourism coastal area
The research was conducted based on the
existing conditions in the field by considering
various determinants of the marine tourism
development strategy through empowering local
communities. The renewal in this research combines
social, economic, cultural, and conservation of
fishery resources in coastal areas. Strategies for
empowering local communities in marine tourism
areas by optimizing the potential of micro, small
and medium enterprises as part of tourist activities.
Internal
Weakness
External
Opportunity
Internal
Strength
External
Threat
Support Aggressive
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Table 5. SWOT Matrix Community Development
Strategy for Marine Tourism in West Java Province
Indonesia
IFAS (Internal
Factor Analysis
Strategy) /
EFAS (External
Factor Analysis
Strategy)
Strengths
Weaknesses
1. Age of marine
tourism
Business actors
2. Entrepreneurial
experience in
the field of
marine tourism
entrepreneurshi
p
3. Level of
education for
marine tourism
business
4. Strengthening
job
diversification
for fishermen
5. Post-covid-19
pandemic
conditions for
the tourism
sector
1. There is no
counseling
available for
marine
tourism
business actors
2. Experts in the
field of marine
tourism based
on fishery
resource
conservation
are still
lacking
3. Saving culture
still low
4. Mechanisms
and
procedures for
implementing
coastal
community
empowerment
programs are
still a
weakness
5. Community
empowerment
aims to reduce
the level of
poverty in the
community
Opportunities
S-O Strategy
(Strengths -
Opportunities)
W-O Strategy
(Weakness
Opportunities)
1. Potential for
marine
tourism
development
2. Government
policy in
developing
marine
tourism areas
3. The Socio-
cultural
conditions of
coastal
communities
4. Empowerment
program
claimed by the
government as
a solution to
alleviating the
problem of
fishermen’s
poverty
5. Marketing
potential of
Micro, Small,
1. Maintain the
attraction of
tourism objects
by maintaining
the beauty of
beaches in the
southern
coastal area of
West Java
Province
2. Improving
marine tourism
entrepreneurshi
p based on
government
policy
3. Improving
education on
marine tourism
business based
on social-
cultural
4. Strengthening
job
diversification
for fishermen
1. Improving
counseling
marine
tourism
business actors
for the
development
of product
strategy
2. Improving
experts in
the field of
marine
tourism
based on
fishery
resource
conservation
according to
government
regulations
and policy
3. Improving
knowledge
about the
importance
and Medium
Enterprises
based on an
empowerment
program
5. Post-pandemic
recovery of
covid-19 based
on improving
Micro, Small,
and Medium
Enterprises'
marine tourism
sector
of saving for
investment
4. Improving to
empowerme
nt program
for marine
tourism
stakeholders
5. Improving
community
empowerme
nt for
growing up
Micro,
Small, and
Medium
Enterprises
in the marine
tourism
sector
Threats
ST Strategy
(Strength - Threats)
WT Strategy
(Weakness -
Threats)
1. Environmental
issues of
coastal area
resources
2. Disaster
mitigation
supervision
and
monitoring
3. Various
marine
tourism
objects based
on bio-
ecoregional
conditions
4. There is a
competitive
market for
marine
tourism
5. The carrying
capacity of the
marine
tourism
environment
1. Improving
education
about
environmenta
l coastal zone
sustainability
2. Improving
knowledge
about disaster
mitigation,
especially
natural
disasters
3. Improving
the potential
of the marine
tourism
product based
on bio
ecoregion
4. Strengthening
potential
market for
marine
tourism
product
5. Regulation of
the carrying
capacity for
marine
tourism
1. Improving
counseling
about
environment
al issues of
coastal area
resources
2. Improving
education
about fishery
resource
conservation
and disaster
mitigation
3. Improving
marine
tourism
products and
knowledge
about the
importance
of saving
4. Government
regulation
about
mechanisms
and
procedures
for
implementin
g coastal
community
empowerme
nt programs
should be
easy to
adopt.
Based on Table 5 the community development
strategy for marine tourism should be improving
education about environmental coastal zone
sustainability, knowing about disaster mitigation,
especially natural disasters, the potential of the
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on ENVIRONMENT and DEVELOPMENT
DOI: 10.37394/232015.2023.19.70
Atikah Nurhayati,
Nora Akbarsyah, Asep K Supriatna
E-ISSN: 2224-3496
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Volume 19, 2023
marine tourism product based on bio ecoregion,
strengthening potential market for marine tourism
product, regulation of the carrying capacity for
marine tourism.
4 Conclusion
The Covid-19 pandemic has had a very significant
impact on changing people's lives, including the
stakeholders of the marine tourism sector. Coastal
community empowerment based on marine tourism
development ensures aspects of social well-being
such as improved quality of life including
fishermen, infrastructure development for coastal
areas, and enhanced public facilities and
anticipation of natural disasters. From the results of
testing the IE Matrix above, the position of the
coastal community empowerment based on marine
tourism development is in quadrant I. The strategy
of strengths – opportunities, is: (1) Maintain the
attraction of tourism; (2) Improve marine tourism
entrepreneurship; (3) Improve education on the
marine tourism business, (4) Strengthen job
diversification for fishermen based on an
empowerment program, (5) post-pandemic recovery
of covid-19 based on improving Micro, Small, and
Medium Enterprises marine tourism sector. The
strategy of weakness – opportunities, that is : (1)
Improving counseling marine tourism business
actors for the development of product strategy; (2)
Improving experts in the field of marine tourism
based on fishery resource conservation according to
government regulations and policy, (3) Improving
knowledge about the importance of saving for
investment; (4) Improving to empowerment
program for marine tourism stakeholders; (5)
Improving community empowerment for growing
up Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in the
marine tourism sector. The strategy of strength–
threats, is: (1) Improving education about
environmental coastal zone sustainability, (2)
Improving knowledge about disaster mitigation,
especially natural disasters; (3) Improving the
potential of the marine tourism product based on bio
ecoregion; (4) Strengthening potential market for
marine tourism product; (5) Regulation of the
carrying capacity for marine tourism. The strategy
of Weakness – Threats, is (1) Improving counseling
about environmental issues of coastal area
resources, (2) Improving education about fishery
resource conservation and disaster mitigation; (3)
Improving marine tourism products and knowledge
about the importance of saving; (4) Government
regulation about mechanisms and procedures for
implementing coastal community empowerment
programs should be easy to adopt
A management plan for marine tourism should
be to preserve the health of the local marine
environment and support marine ecosystem
services. Local goods and handicrafts should be
promoted to tourists to increase demand, and it is
expected to be able to increase the income of coastal
communities
Acknowledgment:
We are grateful to the Faculty of Fisheries and
Marine Science, Universitas Padjadjaran for
providing facilities and support. We also thank the
anonymous referees who have given valuable
comments and critics for the earlier version of the
manuscript. This research is part of Unpad Internal
Research Grants for 2022-2023.
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Contribution of Individual Authors to the
Creation of a Scientific Article (Ghostwriting
Policy)
This research was conducted by the research team
with the following contributions: (1) data collection
was carried out by Atikah Nurhayati, Nora
Akbarsyah; (2) data analysis was carried out by
Atikah Nurhayati, and Asep K. Supriatna; (3) Draft
writing by Atikah Nurhayati, and Asep K.
Supriatna. All authors make a balanced contribution
in writing articles.
Sources of Funding for Research Presented in a
Scientific Article or Scientific Article Itself
Internal Funding Universitas Padjadjaran No
1549/UN6.3.1/PT.00/2023.
Conflict of Interest
The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
(Attribution 4.0 International, CC BY 4.0)
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
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DOI: 10.37394/232015.2023.19.70
Atikah Nurhayati,
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E-ISSN: 2224-3496
739
Volume 19, 2023
