*Corresponding Author

Abstract - Public transport is considered important to reduce air pollution. For this reason, it is very important

to have efficient public transport lines. The purpose is to analyze 15 public transport lines in Albania by using

the DEA model. The analysis is based on information about citizens' perceptions of five attributes (frequency,

cleanliness, possibility to find a seat, punctuality, and ticket price) of public transport lines. The information is

provided by conducting a survey of 120 users of public transport lines. The results indicate that it's important to

1 Introduction

Environmental pollution is one of the critical issues

the world is facing nowadays. Albania is one of the

countries with the highest levels of pollution, where

air pollution is present and very concerning.

According to the polluted countries map published

by the World Health Organization (2022), Albania

has the highest level of pollution among the Western

Balkan Countries. Also, according to, [1], air quality

The full dataset used in Fig. 1 is at the Appendix

section. These rates are age-standardized, meaning

they assume a constant age structure of the

population: this allows for comparison between

pollution is the result of many factors such, as the

reduction of urban green spaces, non-efficient waste

management, or the use of non-conventional fuel.

However, the main reason for air pollution in

Albania seems to be vehicle emissions, where old

diesel vehicles remain problematic. Different ways

have been explored to reduce air pollution,

especially in urban areas. One of these ways is

encouraging citizens to use public transport, [2].

However, in Albania and especially in the capital

the factors that would improve their performance.

The efficiency analysis is conducted by using the

DEA mathematical model, which consists of the

results of the relative efficiency of similar units that

use some inputs and produce some inputs, [4]. To

estimate the pollution from public transportation, we

36% of residents are active users of public transport;

27% use their private cars; and the rest are classified

as using alternatives, such as bicycles, motorcycle,

30,365 passengers, with only 31% of this capacity

consisting.

2 Literature Review

utilizing the "data envelopment analysis (DEA)"

technique. To analyze route performance, DEA is

using, and performance measures including route

design, cost, service, operation, and comfort

with the same objectives using linear programming.

It gives an image of a general measure performance

of different units. Firstly, [13], introduced it, and

later, [14], extended this technique. A key advantage

units must be at least twice the sum of the input and

output variables; it is a good method to compare a

unit with other similar units in the selection, not

compared to a "theoretical maximum". Some

features that make DEA a very popular and used

technique are:1. It enables the use of analyzes with

several inputs and several outputs; 2. It does not

require any assumption about the functional form

connecting inputs and outputs; 3. Units are directly

comparable to another unit or a combination of the

4 Case Study

Albania Public Transport Lines (The

attributes (on a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 is the

maximal satisfaction and 10 is the minimal level of

satisfaction) for 15 public transport lines. The

transport lines are

Center, 4. New Tirana, 5 Laprake-Tirane, 6 Tirane-Diber,

7 Fier-Tirane, 8 Fier- New Seman 9. Student City -

Jordan Misja, 10. Institute-Center, 11. Fushë Krujë -

Tirana 12. Krujë - Fushë Krujë, 13. Kashar - Yzberisht -

To measure the efficiency of public transport lines is

used the input-oriented DEA model (Table 2).

DEA calculates the efficiency of a unit compared to

all units in analysis, choosing the best possible

for that unit, meanwhile, the values of the efficiency

indicator of other units, for the same set of weights

are between 0 and 1. Efficient units have a technical

efficiency indicator value of 1, while units that have

an indicator value of less than 1 are inefficient, [19],

Fush Krujё transport line. Unit 12, Krujё-Fush

The results of DEA analysis for the Krujё-Fushe

hypothetical unit produces output equivalent to the

output of the unit under study seeking smaller

amounts or equivalent to those used by inefficient

The improved DEA efficiency for unit 12 is shown

which produces at least the same output using the

same or fewer inputs than the inefficient unit as in

the case of unit 12.

result) and 16% for unit 14 Porcelan-Center with 1

efficiency result) from the composite unit

(assumed). This hypothetical unit resulted in the

same output as the output of unit 12 but reduced the

input perceptions.

6 Recommendation

A recommendation for future research could be the

increase of included attributes in the study. Also, a

larger sample and extension in other lines could

provide an in-depth understanding of the public

transport efficiency in Albania.

Contribution of Individual Authors to the

Creation of a Scientific Article (Ghostwriting

The authors equally contributed in the present

research, at all stages from the formulation of the

problem to the final findings and solution

No funding was received for conducting this study.

This article is published under the terms of the

Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

These rates are age-standardized, meaning they

assume a constant age structure of the population: