Іnnovative Priorities for the Development of Integrated Forms of
Entrepreneurship at the Regional Level
BORYS POHRISHCHUK1, SERGIY NADVYNYCHNYY2, NATALIA DOBIZHA3,
VOLODYMYR SHCHERBYCH4, OLEG POHRISHCHUK1
1Department of Economics, Accounting and Taxation,
Vinnytsia Educational and Scientific Institute of Economics of West Ukrainian National University,
Vinnytsia, UKRAINE
2Educational and Scientific Center for the Organization of the Educational Process,
West Ukrainian National University, Ternopil,
UKRAINE
3Department of Finance, Banking and Insurance,
Vinnytsia Educational and Scientific Institute of Economics of West Ukrainian National University,
Vinnytsia, UKRAINE
4Department of International Tourism and Hotel Business,West Ukrainian National University,
Ternopil, UKRAINE
Abstract: - The priority of innovative development at the regional level through the formation of
innovative infrastructure is substantiated. We used system-complex and innovation-oriented
approaches to determine the components of the regional development proposed.
The work included the task of implementing the concept of modern regional development is
defined. It was determined that the further expansion of the innovative infrastructure is objectively
conditioned by the level of scientific, technological, and intellectual potential, the number of
intellectual property objects, and other developments. The applied aspects of the operation of
integrated forms of entrepreneurship at the regional level were considered, and directions for
increasing investment activity and ensuring their competitiveness were determined.
The expediency of forming an innovative infrastructure for the implementation of innovative
priorities for the development of integrated forms of entrepreneurship at the regional level and
ensuring its effective functioning and further expansion has been proven.
The organizational possibilities for the implementation of innovative priorities at the regional level
and innovative development projects with the aim of increasing investment income in the regional
economy have been revealed.
Keywords: - entrepreneurship, innovation, innovation priorities, region, organization, management,
integrated forms of entrepreneurship.
Received: September 19, 2022. Revised: January 21, 2023. Accepted: February 23, 2023. Published: March 17, 2023.
1 Introduction
The development of integrated forms of
entrepreneurship at the regional level is a
component of ensuring integral, innovative, and
effective development of the state. Studying the
environment of innovative development and
determining its priorities as an organizational and
structured system provides an opportunity to
consider it as a set of interconnected institutional
structures, the appearance of which is a consequence
of the long-term and purposeful influence of several
factors, which corresponds to the developed plans
and programs and established norms for regulating
relations in the process interaction of subjects of
market relations.
A competitive economy requires active use of
the existing scientific and technical base, a close
connection between scientific research, and the
introduction of new technologies in the economic
activity of enterprises.
Key principles of forming a mechanism of
innovative cooperation and establishment of
mutually beneficial economic relations between
business entities, [1]: use of funds on a competitive
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Borys Pohrishchuk, Sergiy Nadvynychnyy,
Natalia Dobizha, Volodymyr Shcherbych,
Oleg Pohrishchuk
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basis as a lever for the activation of scientific and
technological research and innovative processes of
regional development; co-financing of scientific
developments that will have applied applications for
increasing the volume of innovative products,
development of territorial communities and will
activate potential investors; the positive reputation
of the region as innovative, safe and attractive for
investment and development of new technologies,
processes, and product samples.
The research actualizes that the obstacle on the
path of innovative development of entrepreneurship
is the lack of a system-complex approach to the
formation of priorities for innovative development,
the imperfection of software and project support in
the field of innovative development of
entrepreneurship, which is expressed in the need to
develop general rules and build relationships
between the structural elements of the system
innovative development.
The purpose of the work is to justify the priority
development of integrated forms of
entrepreneurship at the regional level through the
formation of innovative infrastructure. The tasks of
the research include: determination of the
organizational capabilities of entrepreneurship in the
implementation of innovative priorities of regional
development; determination of directions for
implementation of the regional development
concept; research on issues of infrastructural
development of entrepreneurship; coverage of
applied aspects of the functioning of integrated
forms of entrepreneurship; development of
proposals for the development of clusters and other
promising integrated forms of entrepreneurship at
the regional level.
2 Materials and Methods
The problems of regional development, innovation,
and infrastructural support for the development of
entrepreneurship were studied by such scientists as:
[16], [14], [7], [15]. In the research carried out, [1],
focused his attention on the issues of forming a
mechanism for stimulating innovative and
technological development at the regional level, in
particular, he identified the main principles of
forming a mechanism for innovative cooperation
and establishing mutually beneficial economic
relations between business entities. In their
scientific works, [2], considered the regional socio-
economic system as a category of economic
research and defined the tasks of implementing the
concept of the modern development of regions in
Ukraine. We agree with the author that these
include: social development, guaranteeing a basic
level of services and social benefits; ensuring the
appropriate level of public safety; development of
innovative potential; formation of an innovative and
socio-cultural environment; development of
necessary elements of market infrastructure;
formation of regional markets and the regional
structure of entrepreneurship. [3], predicts that to
increase the competitiveness of the domestic
economy, the model of innovative progress in
Ukraine should involve the cooperation of the state
and the business sector, and all actions of business
entities and authorities should be coordinated with
the tasks and goals of the innovative development of
economic activity at the regional level. [4], adhere
to a similar opinion, in the study of the regional
socio-economic system they emphasized the
management of the process of development of
business structures. [5], [6], made a significant
contribution to the study of the issue of
infrastructural support for regional development,
they identified the problems of infrastructure
formation, as well as ways to solve them. The report
made by [10], also deserves attention in a certain
direction. However, the task of scientific
substantiation of innovative regional development
priorities is insufficiently researched.
A system of scientific techniques and methods
was used in the research process. The theoretical
and methodological basis of the work is a system-
complex and innovation-oriented approach to the
justification of innovative priorities for the
development of entrepreneurship at the regional
level. The application of a system-complex
approach provides an opportunity to conduct
entrepreneurship research in the system of holistic
development of the region. The following methods
and techniques were used to fulfill the research
tasks: monographic, analytical, comparison, and
abstract-logical. An innovation-oriented approach to
the study of development problems involves the
determination of the institutional interaction of its
elements, and their structural construction, which is
qualitatively new, in comparison with other ordered
systems that form relationships in the field of
functioning of enterprises integrated into the
regional space of the state.
3 Problem Solution
The formation of a system for ensuring the
innovation-oriented development of the region is a
long-term process that is quite often complicated by
organizational and economic factors, during which
the policy of central and local authorities should be
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Natalia Dobizha, Volodymyr Shcherbych,
Oleg Pohrishchuk
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implemented, aimed at creating conditions for the
support and effective functioning of the innovative
infrastructure, taking into account the peculiarities
of the production system of the region.
The development of the concept of perspective
development of regions brings certain integration
components to the regional strategy, which are
based on the integrity of socio-economic
development. It is advisable to consider the region
not only as a territorially formed system of relations
regarding economic activity, and the environment of
production and consumption of products but also as
a social system that functions in a specific
environment. All components of such a system are
balanced, they have their structure, vectors, and
rates of development. The interests of regional
development have always been interconnected with
the interests of all other regions and the country in
general, [2].
[3], predicts that in order to increase the
competitiveness of the domestic economy, the
model of innovative progress in Ukraine should
involve the cooperation of the state and the business
sector, and all actions of business entities and
authorities should be coordinated with the tasks and
goals of the innovative development of economic
activity at the regional level.
Important tasks in the implementation of the
concept of the modern development of regions in
Ukraine are: social development, guaranteeing the
basic level of services and social benefits provided
to the population; ensuring the appropriate level of
public safety; development of the innovative
potential of the region; formation of an innovative
and socio-cultural environment through the
involvement of business entities; development of
necessary elements of market infrastructure; the
formation of regional markets and the regional
structures of entrepreneurship, [4].
The existence of a regional socio-economic
system manifests itself in the process of social
development, and its significance, on the one hand,
is explained by the nature of its constituent
subsystems and structural elements, and on the
other, by the internal construction of such
subsystems and components, which is the material
basis of the construction of such a system and
determines the type of connections within the
system.
The study of scientific sources on the issues of
implementing organizational and economic changes
made it possible to determine the main reasons for
the need for the development of integrated forms of
entrepreneurship:
- the presence of various inter-firm relationships;
- increased competition at the regional level;
- the uncertainty of the conditions of the external
environment of the functioning of business entities;
- increasing the role of information in business
development;
- increasing the influence of the time factor;
- increase the number of offered products and
services while reducing the duration of their life
cycles;
- increasing the rate of implementation of
innovations and technological changes;
- the need for a faster response to changes in the
market situation and adaptability to new forms of
relationships;
- the possibility of concentrating the activities of
all participants on unique projects and the best
competencies;
- significant reduction of costs, development of
their rational structure;
- formation of optimal partnership relations
based on involvement in joint activities, to ensure
consolidation of the scientific and technical
potential of scientific and educational institutions,
innovative structures, and direct participants in
regional development.
The formation of the infrastructure for the
innovative development of the region is quite
complex and requires taking into account many
factors since the innovative infrastructure is
considered an integrative and system-forming
component of the innovation system in general and
ensures the characteristics of integrity and enables
the faster achievement of the set goals of socio-
economic development.
If we consider the innovative infrastructure from
a regional perspective, it is worth highlighting
several features that should be inherent to it: the
innovative infrastructure of a separate region of the
country must work as a complete system; the
regional innovation infrastructure should be a full-
fledged element of both the regional innovation
system and the national innovation system, perform
the functions of dual subordination; innovative
infrastructure at the regional level should be ensured
by interregional agreement, [5].
Innovative infrastructure plays an important role
in the economy, where it acts as the main toolkit and
element of ensuring the implementation of the
mechanism of innovative development of the
economy, as it contributes to the growth of the
state's economy. Innovative infrastructure is a set of
production and technical systems, organizational
and management structures, enterprises, and
organizations that are interconnected, mutually
complementary, and capable of effective
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implementation of innovations and innovative
processes.
The experience of the developed countries of the
world confirms that in the conditions of global
competition on the world market, the one who has a
developed infrastructure for the creation and
implementation of innovations, who has the most
effective mechanism of innovative activity will
inevitably win, [6]. The development of innovative
approaches to the implementation of the
management function leads to the emergence of
«open innovations», to assess the state of local
problems in management, as well as in the process
of developing and implementing innovative
solutions, which requires the use of public
knowledge and social communication. Scientific
institutions, business organizations, as well as
private individuals have the possibility of free
access to the use, distribution, printing, and
publication of open data to achieve social,
environmental, and economic results from their
activities, [7].
It should be noted that the further expansion of
the innovation infrastructure is objectively
conditioned by the level of scientific, technological,
and intellectual potential, the number of intellectual
property objects and other developments that could
be commercialized, and the needs of the subjects of
innovative activity. Based on the above, it is
necessary to ensure the creation and active
development of many elements of the innovation
infrastructure for the full-fledged operation of the
innovation system.
But, of course, preference should be given to the
creation of regional venture innovation funds, which
will carry out risk financing of small innovative
enterprises at the initial stage of their activity;
technology transfer centers, which should promote
more effective use of innovative developments, [8].
The process of implementing the results of
scientific research and the wide implementation of
innovative developments can be carried out
systematically, continuously, and effectively only in
the case of an effectively functioning innovative
infrastructure.
To provide a wide range of information and
technical marketing consulting and various forms of
financial support to the business sector, which offers
potentially attractive scientific and technical ideas, it
is advisable to create business incubators, [9]. In this
way, the necessary conditions are created for the
promotion of promising innovations to a higher
level, the growth of competitiveness, and
knowledge-intensive production, which ensures the
creation of a model of the innovative type of
development of the country. The proposed model of
innovative development will contribute to the
concentration of innovations at the regional level.
However, to spread the experience of «incubation of
innovations» significant support from the authorities
in each region is required.
For the implementation of innovative
development projects, it is necessary to attract
significant investment resources. The mechanism of
investment support for the process of innovative
development at the level of entrepreneurial
structures is implemented according to certain
directions: state support for the sphere of innovative
entrepreneurship, mobilization of own resources for
financing innovations; ensuring favorable conditions
for attracting external investors to the industry. It is
expedient to implement medium-term innovative
projects at the regional level on a competitive basis
through regional innovation programs, innovative
projects for the development of technological parks,
and other integrated forms of entrepreneurship.
To increase the investment activity of regions
and ensure their competitiveness in economically
developed and developing countries, various
territorial organizational mechanisms for stimulating
the development of territories are used. Industrial
parks are designed not only to stimulate investment
in industrial production but also to ensure the
creation of new jobs, and improvement of the
sectoral structure of the real sector of the economy.
The main role of industrial parks is the growth of
investment activity, economic development, and
growth of production in a certain territory, the
formation of points of regional growth, and the
solution of socio-economic problems of the
development of regions. They are entrusted with the
important task of ensuring structural transformations
and technological modernization of Ukraine's
economy. In addition, the creation of industrial
parks allows for ecologically and aesthetically
structuring settlements, «cleansing» cities of
industrial production. The main characteristics of
such parks are the availability of industrial land,
engineering infrastructure, a management company,
and the provision of legal conditions. Enterprises
located on the territory of industrial parks are mostly
connected by a technological chain and joint use of
the territory, services provided by the management
company to ensure a synergistic effect of cost
savings, [10].
In the city of Vinnytsia, there is an established
Communal City Enterprise «Vinnytsia Municipal
Innovation Center», whose activities are aimed at
attracting investment resources for the economic
development of the city, guaranteeing proper
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conditions for the effective operation of business
structures, improving the investment climate and
image of the city and region, as well as promoting
economic growth and strengthening of the
competitiveness of the region.
The main directions of the company's work are
the support and arrangement of all structural
elements of the Vinnytsia Industrial Park, which
performs the functions of a management company,
and the development of the technological innovation
park of Vinnytsia, [11].
The development of industrial parks provides an
opportunity to fully demonstrate investment
potential and improve the economic potential of the
region. First of all, the industrial park works in the
direction of the concentration of industrial
commodity production outside the established
boundaries of residential areas and the city center.
In this way, favorable conditions are created for the
high-tech development of products with a high
added value of manufactured goods, the unification
of individual productions into cluster entities, which
provides new opportunities for SMART
development, and the expansion of specialization of
regional production. At the state level and for local
communities, such structures (industrial parks) play
an important role in ensuring a high level of socio-
economic development in the region.
The Vinnytsia Industrial Park was created to
increase investment income in the region's
economy, improve the investment image, provide
the population with jobs, and expand opportunities
for the formation of favorable conditions for the
functioning of industrial enterprises and the
development of related types of innovative
entrepreneurship.
The priority tasks of industry development for
industrial enterprises, according to the concept of
industrial park development, are defined as:
logistics support, service, furniture manufacturing,
repair work, installation of installations, machines,
and equipment; a revival of mechanical engineering,
[10]. Participants who are investors of the industrial
park have significant preferences regarding
exemption from contributions to equity
participation, significant benefits for imports with a
list of WTO member states, benefits for paying land
tax, benefits for customs clearance of goods, and
exemption from its payment (depending on the type
of property and type of equipment), review of rental
rates, etc.
In 2020, the Vinnytsia Industrial Park won the
prestigious «Golden Site» competition, held as part
of a project from the Polish community to help
develop regions to increase their competitiveness
and intensify the development of Polish-Ukrainian
cooperation in the economic sector.
In 2021, Bosch Ukraine, a leader in the
technological field, joined a significant number of
strategic partners of the region, in particular, a
Memorandum of Cooperation was signed between
the Vinnytsia City Council and Robert BOSH LTD
LLC. Based on the results of cooperation, a
significant strengthening of partners is expected in
terms of the formation of an attractive environment
in the field of education, which will help realize the
scientific potential of young people, effectively
develop businesses, and create new jobs in the
region. On the initiative of the Bosch Ukraine
company, the Vinnytsia City Council and the
established Municipal Innovation Center, work on
the implementation of the innovative development
project - Vinnytsia Innovation Day - has begun. The
proposed project will make it possible to regularly
demonstrate various innovative developments for
entrepreneurs, scientists, and citizens of the city and
gradually establish cooperation in various fields.
According to the results of the first stage of the
event, a demonstration site for testing various types
of technical equipment was opened, it was possible
to get acquainted with modern safety systems for the
implementation of innovative projects, and the
development products «Bosch Mini» for children
were also presented, [12].
Innovative development is defined as one of the
priority directions of the region's development and
is included in the Development Strategy of the
Territorial Community of Vinnytsia until 2030, [13].
It should be noted that the management of the
region systematically works in the direction of
activation of innovative development. Thus, the
digitalization of public space and the smart
specialization of the region belong to the strategic
development priorities
There is fruitful cooperation between the
Vinnytsia City Council and the Vinnytsia National
Technical University, the Limited Liability
Company «Innovation Holding «Sikorski
Challenge», which is confirmed by the signing of
the relevant Memorandum on cooperation with the
participation of the utility company «Vinnytsia
Municipal Innovation Center». Such cooperation
will provide an opportunity for creative and gifted
youth to express their ideas, and receive expert
advice, regarding further research and
implementation of innovative development projects,
which are necessary for the innovative development
of the state and the region. The memorandum on
cooperation is aimed at working out new tools for
the interaction of scientists, self-government bodies,
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enterprises, and public organizations of the region.
The opportunity to participate in startups will
contribute to the strengthening of economic ties, and
the competitiveness of the region and the state.
Thanks to the establishment of cooperation within
the framework of the Memorandum, highly
qualified specialists will be attracted, who will
implement innovative competencies and develop
innovative products that are needed by the
population of the region and society in general. The
formation of an innovation cluster will provide
favorable conditions for attracting investments and
strengthening the university's scientific potential,
which will be involved in the operation of the
cluster to create new jobs.
The enterprise «Vinnytsia Municipal Innovation
Center» together with the Vinnytsia City Council is
working on creating opportunities for Vinnytsia
startups to participate in various competitions aimed
at developing the scientific and technological
creativity of innovative partners. The memorandum
agreed to hold start-up projects and competitions in
Vinnytsia with the participation of investors,
representatives of other states, business schools,
foundations, and leading experts in the field of
innovative development.
For the effective functioning of small innovative
forms of entrepreneurial activity and the growth of
the level of their business activity, domestic
entrepreneurs need the concentration of resources,
the formation of investment, venture, and innovation
support funds, attracting innovative banking
institutions for the production of competitive
products, high technologies, creating a knowledge-
intensive sector of the economy capable of
generating ideas and promoting the finished product
to the market, including the foreign one, achieving
the possibility of acquiring the status of a «global
competitor», as well as forming the base of export
products and increase in this way foreign currency
receipts to the state as a result of the activation of
the processes of integration of the economy into
international trade operations, [14].
Innovative entrepreneurship should be
considered as a process of forming a new type of
economic system, based on the use of an
innovation-oriented approach to the search and
discovery of new entrepreneurial opportunities, the
use of innovations, and their commercialization.
This type of entrepreneurship is characterized by a
special style of economic activity, which is
characterized by the ability to assume all the risks of
activity during the implementation of projects and to
have full financial responsibility for it.
The formation of the infrastructure to ensure the
implementation of the priorities of the innovative
development of entrepreneurship should be based on
the following principles:
- support at the state level of the system of
regional infrastructure for the innovative
development of projects and programs, their
investment support, which ensures the
implementation by the state of aspects of scientific,
technical, and socio-economic development policy;
- development and implementation of adaptive
investment mechanisms for effective development
of entrepreneurship and expansion of regional
innovation infrastructure to optimize the use of
budget resources;
- increasing the use of scientific and intellectual
and production and resource potentials to increase
the competitiveness of the region;
- concentration based on integrated forms of
entrepreneurship of objects of innovative scientific
and technological infrastructure, which will
contribute to the production of goods and the
provision of services that are competitive in the
domestic and foreign sales markets.
The influence of legal regulation on relations in
the sphere of innovative activity should not be
underestimated, since it is the law that is always
assigned a protective role in the event of a conflict
of economic interests. In the opinion of the author,
even the most flawless legal norms are not able to
work to their full extent in the absence of the
corresponding economic needs of consumers.
Considering the presented material, we consider
it necessary to develop integrated associations at the
regional level. As world practice shows [15],
promising integrated systems are clusters, which are
interpreted as territorially separated structures based
on a single innovation and investment policy
developed for the needs of the cluster. Clusters are
an association of enterprises that are connected by a
narrow regional exchange and through the exchange
of implicit or explicit knowledge are able to create
the competencies of enterprises and thereby
contribute to the strengthening of infrastructure and
the growth of their competitiveness.
The central elements of the cluster are the
network and value chain. This aspect of the research
is quite aptly emphasized: «Networks can have
different forms and exist in different contexts. In the
simplest case, they reflect the interaction between
many participants (agents). Differentiating features
of the network are the choice of participants, goals,
form of organization, degree of formalization», [16],
[17]. Enterprise networks are distinguished, in
particular, production networks, research networks,
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and development networks. They are a special form
of organization that improves the interaction
between legally independent units such as, for
example, production enterprises, or between them
and research institutions.
The main advantages of the development of
cluster-type integrated structures include:
1. Clusters improve access to specialized
production inputs such as labor, investment,
components, services, etc.
2. They improve the exchange of information on
markets, as well as technical and other production
information.
3. Clusters also provide an incentive for the state
to create educational institutions, fairs, specialized
construction, and technical infrastructure.
The proposed model of joint activity of
enterprises will contribute to obtaining a synergistic
effect from the cooperation of enterprises due to the
synergy of the effects of the flow of knowledge, the
growth of cash flow, the joint use of infrastructure
facilities, the reduction of transaction costs, as well
as the synergy of specialization, cooperation, the
concentration of production and integration
processes, [16].
Ensuring the implementation of innovative
priorities is one of the main tasks of modern
economic development, and the use of cluster
organization as a factor in increasing the
competitiveness of the economy meets the
requirements not only of regional development but
also of the state's economic system. It is scientific
achievements, innovative products, and modern
technologies that determine the level of
competitiveness in the market. The formation of
infrastructure takes place under the influence of the
institutional environment, where economic, trade,
structural policy, and administrative factors largely
determine the course of entry processes and
activities of economic entities.
4 Conclusion
Solving the tasks facing the regions regarding the
transition to a qualitatively new level of
development is possible through infrastructure
support for innovation-oriented production, which
will allow solving the problem of saturating the
domestic market with high-quality domestic
products, and expanding sales markets at the
expense of obtaining competitive advantages.
Infrastructural development at the regional level
is a necessary condition for the activation of
innovative activity, which determines the
prerequisites for the economic growth of the region.
Before the start of the commissioning of the
infrastructure complex, the necessary base must be
prepared in the form of formed key subsystems of
the innovation system: personnel system, regulatory
and legal system, basic infrastructure elements,
motivation system, financial system, and
information system.
The work analyzes the organizational aspects of
the activity of the communal city enterprise
«Vinnytsia Municipal Center of Innovations»,
whose activities are aimed at attracting investment
resources for the economic development of the city,
guaranteeing proper conditions for the effective
operation of business structures, improving the
investment climate and image of the city and region,
as well as promoting economic growth and
strengthening the competitiveness of the region.
As an integrated form of entrepreneurship, the
Vinnytsia Industrial Park was studied, the activity of
which contributes to investment income in the
region's economy, improving the investment image
of the region, providing the population with jobs,
expanding opportunities for the formation of
favorable conditions for the functioning of industrial
enterprises and the development of related types of
innovative entrepreneurship.
The task of implementing the concept of the
modern development of regions has been
determined, thanks to the establishment of
cooperation between regional authorities and the
business sector, through the activation of innovative
activities at the regional level, the involvement of
highly qualified specialists will take place, who will
exercise innovative competences and develop
innovative products that are needed by the
population of the region and society in general. The
formation of an innovation cluster will provide
favorable conditions for attracting investments and
strengthening the university's scientific potential,
which will be involved in the operation of the
cluster to create new jobs.
Prospects for further research consist in
substantiating the aspect of the mechanism of
interaction and interconnection of subsystems of
innovative development, as well as improving the
regulatory system that forms the basis of their
interaction.
References:
[1] Sytnyk J. S. Formation of the mechanism for
stimulating innovative technological
development at the regional level. Bulletin of
the Lviv Polytechnic National University.
Series «Problems of Economics and
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Contribution of Individual Authors to the
Creation of a Scientific Article (Ghostwriting
Policy)
- Borys Pohrishchuk's research was organized in
part of substantiating the process of formation and
infrastructural interconnections within integrated
associations;
- Sergiy Nadvynychnyy prepared material on the
practical functioning of integrated associations in
the form of industrial parks;
- Natalia Dobizha developed proposals for the
development of clusters;
Volodymyr Shcherbych detailed and considered the
issue of infrastructural development of
entrepreneurship;
- Oleg Pohrishchuk defined the prospects for the
implementation of innovative priorities of
entrepreneurship at the regional level have been
determined.
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on ENVIRONMENT and DEVELOPMENT
DOI: 10.37394/232015.2023.19.22
Borys Pohrishchuk, Sergiy Nadvynychnyy,
Natalia Dobizha, Volodymyr Shcherbych,
Oleg Pohrishchuk
E-ISSN: 2224-3496
261
Volume 19, 2023
Sources of Funding for Research Presented in a
Scientific Article or Scientific Article Itself
No funding was received for conducting this study.
Conflict of Interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare
that are relevant to the content of this article.
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Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
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