Abstract: - Theories and practices related to preventing radicalism, extremism that leads to terrorism offer

different intangible measures to combat such acts. The National Action Plan to Prevent and Combat Extremism

(RAN-PE) as part of achieving national goals; of protecting the homeland of Indonesia’s, and participating in

the achievement of world order. The purpose of this study is to determine public views on violent extremism

(VE) as well as public perception and public trust toward the RAN-PE policy. In addition, this study also

identifies the empirical relationship between the public perception of the VE variable and public trust under the

RAN-PE policy. We conducted a survey to examine the influence of perception on the level of trust toward the

government in relation to the RAN-PE policy and used Spearman’s rho in the non-parametric analysis to

determine the correlation between variables. The findings showed that public perception can predict the level of

trust toward the government’s implementation of policies to combat extremism, radicalism, and terrorism.

1 Introduction

Indonesia relies solely on Anti-Terrorism Act No.

15 of 2003 to deal with radicalism, VE, and

terrorism. On January 6 2021, President Joko

Widodo issued Presidential Decree No. 7 of 2021,

which became the Act on the National Action Plan

to Prevent and Combat Extremism (RAN-PE). This

change elicited a variety of responses from various

sectors, including individual and organizational

settings or groups, such as non-governmental

stability rights; and c) it tends to be are

discriminatory, as the new rules could legitimize

discrimination against citizens of religions and

beliefs deemed different from the majority. This

critical attitude arises because the new regulations

give the public (civilians) the opportunity to conduct

requires a comprehensive strategy and systematic,

planned and comprehensive measures involving the

of 2021 is the basis for the establishment of a new

agency called the Joint Secretariat of RAN PE,

which consists of several government agencies such

as the Coordinating Ministry for Political, Legal and

Security Affairs, Ministry of Home Affairs,

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the BNPT

(National Counter Terrorism Agency).

hegemonic power that exercises a system of power

over the oppressed. People who perceive that they

are being oppressed have strong feelings of

alienation, humiliation, servitude, contempt,

degrading treatment, arrogance, humiliation, shame,

shame, inferiority, and many more adjectives that

remind of their oppression. VE stems from

situations wherein hegemonic regimes are seen as

extremely bad for society. Interactions among

individuals in violent forms of extremism cannot be

hatred and terrorism.

often confused with radicalism or terrorism.

However, the commonly used definition in various

studies refers to VE as an ideology that is contrary

to societal values and principles, wherein the use of

violence to achieve certain goals or impose certain

beliefs , such as those pertaining to race, religion,

and politics, is justified, [1]. In general, VE

supports the advocacy and use of violence by

means, unlawfully and intentionally, causes:

stemmed from calls by some Muslims to replace

Pancasila with Islamic ideology. Although these

movements can be suppressed, the Indonesian

government and people still face threats from

certain terrorist groups or organizations such as

Jamaah Ansharut Daulah and Jamaah Ansharut

Tauhid, which are still actively conducting

dangerous operations.

relatively late in dealing with VE and terrorism.

and Al-Shabaab in Kenya. The concept of

countering VE already exists in Europe through the

European Union, the study in [8] following a series

of attacks by homegrown Islamic terrorist groups in

Madrid and London in 2004-2005. Hence, according

to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki Moon in 2016,

that good governance is what kills terrorism”.

on the premise that combating VE involves not only

economics, [7], [9]. The youth as the next

generation of Indonesian nation must be involved in

combating VE inevitably.

in the struggle for Indonesian independence. The

youth movement in the pre-independence period

was initiated by two very popular, unique, and

monumental student movements, the 1908 student

movement or Force 08 led by Boedi Oetomo, and

the famous 1928 student movement called the “28th

inseparable from the elements of primitivism; race,

regionalism and religion, but still based on the spirit

of nationality (nation) and state (state)

independence, so it has a very strong nationalist

color.

lead to terrorism should be addressed as early as

possible among the youth, because they are the

usual targets being used by radical and extremist

the government to be sincere, honest, and able to

keep its promises, [15]. These three indicators are

Organizations Scale (CTGO-S scale), which has

been used to measure politically related PT in a

government.

which individuals use their senses to organize and

interpret themselves to give meaning to their

surroundings. Essentially, perception is the

individual perception, (2) the goal of perception,

and 3) the situation and context, [16]. In the context

of the current research, PP of knowledge,

acceptance, and barriers to RAN-PE policies, as

well as VE issues in general, can be seen.

given the growing intolerance and terror in societal

and religious spheres. A series of bombing attacks

since the Bali bombings that led to Medan sparked a

threat of VE and terrorism is real; thus, the

implementation of RAN-PE focuses not only on a

security-based approach to counterterrorism, but

also on systemic preventive measures that can

directly address the drivers (enablers).

2 Problem Formulation

description, the research questions of this study are

as follows: (1) How does the public perceive VE

and (2) How high is the Indonesian PT in the RAN-

PE policy against CVE?

relationship between the variables of the PP of VE

and PT in the RAN-PE policy, we conducted

quantitative research by relying on two types of

scales. In order to measure PT toward RAN-PE

policy, we used an instrument developed by [15],

questionnaires examined trust in institutions rather

than trust in individual leaders. The dependent

variable in this study included all three aspects in PP

that include ideological perspective to action, [20].

(3) Harbor obsession with certain ideological

(4) Reject the liberal-democratic system and also

(5) Reject the concept of human rights and show

(0.1%) in the lowest category. Consequently, PT in

the government’s capability to implement the RAN-

PE policy is high. However, it must be emphasized

that counterterrorism programs are being

implemented effectively, with the majority of

respondents expressing slight skepticism (agree

24%) and tend to agree (36%). Thus, it can be

concluded that the majority of respondents do not

counterterrorism programs. What needs to be

violence in society, which continue to threaten

diversity, security, and public justice. Furthermore,

in the PI dimension of PP regarding PT in the

government’s RAN-PE policy, the result show that

out of a total of 650 respondents, as many as 394

(60.6%) are in the middle category, followed by the

high category with 132 (20.3%) respondents, and

the low category with 123 (19.1%) respondents. It

needs to be emphasized that, in this category, the

government is still seen as being dishonest in its

respondents in this category also expressed doubts

preventing and overcoming acts of extreme violence

and terrorism.

of PT toward government in the area of combating

extremism, radicalism and terrorism policy.

However, in the internet age, which has become an

important source of information related to

extremism and terrorism, especially among the

intangible. More efforts must be exerted regarding

issues of concern, including (1) the likelihood of

communal conflict in the context of primitive and

religious sentiment, (21) economic disparities, (3)

differences in political opinion, (4) unfair treatment;

and (5) religious life of intolerance.

[5] Ade. P. Marboen and P. RH, “Ringkasan teror

[8] O. Frazer and C. Nünlist, “The Concept of