Harmonization of Agricultural Policy and Economic Security of the EU

States

LIUDMYLA BRAZHNYK

Faculty of Accounting and Finance, Department of Finance, Banking and Insurance,

Poltava State Agrarian University, Poltava,

UKRAINE

VIKTORIYA IVANYUTA

Department of National Security, Public Administration and Management,

Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, Zhytomyr,

UKRAINE

TETIANA KRAVCHENKO

Faculty of Economics, Department of Business Economics,

Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv,

UKRAINE

OLGA KOZAK

Department of Economics of Agricultural Production and International Integration,

National Scientific Centre "Institute of Agrarian Economics", Kyiv,

UKRAINE

OLGA LOS

Financial and Economic Department Ukrainian Laboratory Quality and Safety Agricultural Products

Nules of Ukraine, National University Of life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv,

UKRAINE

SVITLANA PAVLIUK

Department of Hotel and Catering Industry and Business Organization,

Mykolayiv National Agrarian University, Mykolayiv,

UKRAINE

Abstract: In the context of social-economic transformations and globalization of the international economy, the

importance of the agricultural sector of the economy is increasing, the efficiency of which ensures the growth

of the level of economic security. Harmonization of effective agricultural policy and economic security

involves the protection of national economic interests, sustainable economic growth and modernization of the

economy on the basis of agricultural sector development as a tool for economic security, and structural

transformation of agricultural policy as part of agricultural security. The purpose of the research lies in

substantiating the theoretical and applied principles for the formation and implementation of agricultural policy

and assessing its harmonization with the economic security of the European Union. In the course of the

research, the following methods have been used, namely: methods of economic analysis and synthesis;

comparisons and analogies; generalization and systematization; grouping and cluster analysis. Regarding the

results of the research, it has been established that the growth of the level of economic security of the European

Union depends on the effectiveness of agricultural policy. Studying the peculiarities of the harmonization of

agricultural policy and economic security in the countries of the European Union makes it possible to identify

three groups of countries that have common features and trends in the indicators being analysed, namely:

countries with a high level of economic security and moderate funding for agricultural policy (Germany (IIES:

0,593; FV: 6279967 thousand EUR), Denmark (IIES: 0,723; FV: 977871 thousand EUR), Ireland (IIES: 0,666;

FV: 1573102 thousand EUR), Luxembourg (IIES: 0,607; FV: 47909 thousand EUR), the Netherlands (IIES:

0.702; FV: 836749 thousand EUR), Finland (IIES: 0,675; FV: 874699 thousand EUR) and Sweden (IIES:

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on ENVIRONMENT and DEVELOPMENT

DOI: 10.37394/232015.2023.19.1

Liudmyla Brazhnyk, Viktoriya Ivanyuta,

Tetiana Kravchenko, Olga Kozak, Olga Los,

Svitlana Pavliuk

E-ISSN: 2224-3496

Volume 19, 2023

0,673; FV: 948511 thousand EUR), which effectively implement public economic policy and support the

development of the agricultural sector at a high level; countries with a sufficiently high level of economic

security and stable development of the agricultural sector (Spain (IIES: 0.518; FV: 6908343 thousand EUR),

France (IIES: 0,490; FV: 9448114 thousand EUR), Belgium (IIES: 0,544; FV: 645317 thousand EUR), the

Czech Republic (IIES: 0,507; FV: 1193984 thousand EUR), Estonia (IIES: 0,418; FV: 273189 thousand EUR),

Malta (IIES: 0,457; FV: 19320 thousand EUR), Austria (IIES: 0,552; FV: 1281161 thousand EUR) and

Portugal (IIES: 0,5694; FV: 1370581 thousand EUR), financing of agricultural policy of which occurs in

accordance with the needs of economic entities and is aimed mainly at introducing innovations; countries with

a low level of economic security, characterized by structural changes in the development of the agricultural

sector (Italy, Greece, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Slovenia,

Slovakia).

Key-Words: agricultural policy, economic security, agricultural market, agriculture, common agricultural

policy, the European Union.

Received: April 13, 2022. Revised: August 6, 2022. Accepted: September 2, 2022. Available online: September 28, 2022.

1 Introduction

At the present stage of unstable development of

world financial and economic, political and social

processes, the development of the agricultural sector

of the economy is of particular importance, which

for a long time has been a priority component in

developing and implementing the European Union’s

policy. Ensuring a stable and balanced agricultural

policy in the Member States of the European Union

will contribute to positive changes and development

of agriculture on the basis of efficiency, innovation

and security, forasmuch as there is a need to comply

with agricultural quality and sufficiency of food and

raw materials.

The formation and implementation of

agricultural policy in the European Union is

characterized by a number of significant problems,

including as follows: (1) lack of motivation to work;

(2) unemployment; (3) labour migration; (4) poverty

and decline of social infrastructure, which reduce

the competitiveness of the agricultural sector and

increase the inefficiency of the use of available

resources.

Taking into consideration the tendencies

outlined, the issue of deepening investigations of

agrarian policy in the countries of the European

Union and definition of its interrelation and

interdependence with economic security of the

analysed countries is actualized.

2 Literature Review

Strengthening the processes of globalization and the

formation of regional features of the development of

territories necessitate the formation of a regional

policy for their management. The emergence of the

necessity for European integration has deepened the

development of cross-border cooperation in the

agricultural sector and led to the formation of a

common agricultural policy within the Eurozone,

which, at the same time, is considered as a separate

component of economic policy of the European

Union. Ensuring an adequate level of security of the

agricultural sector is one of the objectives of

effective and timely protection of the economy from

external and internal threats. In view of this, Urba

[1] argues that the agricultural sector is dominant in

ensuring the economic security of the state. This

sector operates in accordance with a specific model

of coherence of its development and economic

security system based on the definition of strategic

priorities of the agricultural sector (increasing its

economic and social efficiency, strengthening food

security, developing rural areas and their

infrastructure and increasing export potential),

developing an effective mechanism for ensuring

economic security of the state, minimizing and

preventing risks and threats, as well as development

imbalances, creating an appropriate institutional

environment. However, in order to ensure a

sufficient level of economic security of the country,

it is not enough to achieve the normative value of

the security level of the agricultural sector. It is

important to identify the main determinants of

economic security; in particular, due attention is

paid to an effective agricultural policy.

Lile et al. [2] take up the position that

agricultural regions in the European Union are of

particular social-economic importance and require a

balanced and consistent policy in this area.

Therefore, it is reasonable to introduce a common

agricultural policy, the main goal of which lies in

increasing the competitiveness of the European

agricultural sector and maintaining the sustainable

development of agricultural areas in the direction of

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ensuring the social and material well-being of the

population.

Moatăr et al. [3] consider the agricultural policy

of the European Union as a set of rules and

measures aimed at increasing the productivity of the

agricultural sector and ensuring adequate living

conditions in rural areas in order to stabilize

agricultural markets, uninterrupted supply of goods

and consumer spending at affordable prices. For this

very reason, Ménard [4] emphasizes the necessity of

effective control over the use of all available

resources of the agro-industrial complex.

Stanciu, S. [5] believes that the common

agricultural policy of the European Union

contributes to the consolidation of young people in

agriculture and stimulates their activities. In

particular, in Romania, young farmers under the age

of 40 have the opportunity to receive additional

financial support and preferential employment

conditions.

Maevsky [6] revealed that in 2013, in the process

of reforming, the agrarian policy of the countries of

the European Union was related to food security,

and the main objectives of the common agrarian

policy were as follows: (1) self-sufficiency of the

European Union in food and strengthening food

security; (2) maintaining balance in the global food

market; (3) the development of rural areas in the

European Union; (4) combating climate change and

protecting and preserving the environment.

The agricultural policy of the European Union is

characterized by close interdependence with internal

and external factors. It is considered in the context

of ensuring the economic security of the countries of

the analysed group and, at the same time, it is

significantly influenced by climatic conditions,

which have been emphasized at the Briefing of the

European Parliament “EU agricultural policy and

climate change” [7] in May 2020, where it has been

stated that the agricultural sector is undergoing

structural changes due to climate change, in

particular: (1) changes in yields; (2) the length of

the growing season; (3) availability of water; (4)

biodiversity; (5) natural resource management and,

at the same time, has an impact on climate

formation. Moreover, a clear division of the

European Union into two regions is stated according

to the climatic conditions of agriculture, namely:

North and South. These regions are characterized by

different temperature features and rainfall, primarily

influencing the effectiveness of agricultural policy

in the European Union. In particular, the countries

of Southern Europe have been more affected by

global warming than the countries of Northern

Europe, and according to forecasts until 2030,

global warming may lead to a decrease in irrigated

crop yields by 20% in all regions of the European

Union.

In response to the necessity to withstand the

global challenges and threats of the COVID-19

pandemic, the health crisis and the need to introduce

innovations in the agricultural sector, in 2021, the

Council and the European Parliament were forced to

reformulate the principles of the common

agricultural policy and focus on large-scale

comprehensive strategy for economic, social and

environmental sustainability [8], which, in fact,

corresponds to the basic principles of economic

security of the state. Bearing this in mind, Fegerberg

et al. [9] and Ignatov [10] consider innovation to be

a factor in the growth of both productions in the

agricultural sector and economic security of the

state, and the implementation of innovation, from

his viewpoint, characterizes the level of

development of the agricultural sector.

Along with this, the European Parliament in the

report “Towards a post - 2020 common Agricultural

policy” [11] emphasizes significant changes in the

economic and institutional environment of the

agricultural sector and the growing market

uncertainty due to geopolitical events and the

withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the

European Union in 2020, as well as the escalation of

the crisis in the EU-US partnership. At the same

time, the development of technological innovations

and the digital revolution have made their own

adjustments to the process of agricultural production

and the processing and distribution of food among

the countries of the European Union. Conducting

scientific investigations in this area, Lazebnyk &

Voitenko [12], [13] and Matt et al. [14] emphasize

the necessity and feasibility of introducing digital

technologies in agriculture, which will contribute to

its sustainable development and increase the

production efficiency.

Exploring the features of the agrarian policy of

the countries of the European Union, Dovzhik [15]

has come to the conclusion that it consists of

supranational (common) and national agrarian

policies. At the same time, the author argues that the

common agricultural policy regulates the issues of

pricing in the region, foreign trade orientation and

settlement of structural changes in the agricultural

sector. Along with this, national agricultural policies

focus on the formation of an appropriate

infrastructure; they are engaged in stimulating

production, taking into account the principles of

environmental conservation. By the way, the

scientist considers the establishment at the level of

the European Union of the price corridor at a

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Liudmyla Brazhnyk, Viktoriya Ivanyuta,

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sufficiently high level for farmers and acceptable to

consumers equally important, which provides for

possible fluctuations, but within the established

parameters. At the same time, the common

agricultural policy of the European Union’s states

does not deny the possibility of imports, for which

the marginal price is determined by the upper price

level of the specified corridor.

It is obvious that international integration and

regionalization have a positive effect on the pace of

economic development of a particular analysed

group of countries. In turn, a qualitatively new level

of development of the agricultural sector requires

radical restructuring and significant amounts of

financial and economic resources, which, according

to the viewpoint of Krugman [16], can be achieved

by protecting national interests from the influence of

destructive environmental factors, ensuring a high

level of economic security of the state.

A similar position is shared by Ocepek [17], who

argues that the European Union insists on

integration in order to increase the competitiveness

of national economies, and their unification in the

world economic system is interpreted as ensuring

economic security based on the equality of all

member states. Herewith, the scientist considers the

economic security of the countries of the European

Union to be the main state goal of protecting

national economic interests, ensuring sustainable

economic growth and modernizing the economy.

In particular, in Germany [18] economic security

is formed on the principles of social-economic

progress, ensuring freedom of access to raw

materials and markets; it also focuses on the export

economy.

Pishchenko [19] treats the issue of studying

problems of harmonizing interests of subjects of the

economic security regulation mechanism in the

agricultural sector from the standpoint of the

relationship of the security strategy of the

agricultural sector with the relevant level of

economic security. The scholar considers the

strategy of agricultural sector development as a tool

to ensure the economic security of the state; he

believes that the structural transformation of

agricultural policy is a component of security of the

agricultural sector.

Complementing the study of Pishchenko [19],

Utenkova [20] adheres to the position that the

agricultural sector is system-forming for the

country’s economy, the effective development of

which guarantees food security, development of

rural areas and territories, and stimulates the

development of other sectors. It should be noted that

the scientist is limited to considering the economic

security of the agricultural sector as a component of

the economic security of the state, stating that this

economic category is identical to food security. The

author argues that its level is determined by the

seasonality of production and economic activity.

Along with this, Bianco A. [21] & Bosma, N. et

al. [22] emphasizes the necessity to study the

country’s food security through the prism of

agricultural sector development on the basis of

innovation, nanotechnology and sustainable

certified production.

3 The Research Goals

The purpose of the research lies in substantiating the

theoretical and applied principles for the formation

and implementation of agricultural policy and

assessing its harmonization with the economic

security of the European Union.

4 Materials and Methods

In the course of the research, the following methods

have been used, namely: the method of economic

analysis and synthesis to study the essence of

agricultural policy and economic security;

comparisons and analogies in order to analyse

agricultural policy and determine the state and

trends of economic security of the European Union;

generalization and systematization in order to

summarize the results of the research and formulate

the hypotheses and conclusions; cluster analysis

based on the use of the k-means method for

grouping the studied countries by indicators of the

level of economic security and the volume of

expenditures on agricultural policy.

The countries of the European Union were

selected for the research.

The information base of the research is based on

the reports for 2016–2020: Statistical Factsheet

European Union: Agriculture and Rural

Development.

5 Results

Ensuring the formation and implementation of an

effective agricultural policy in the context of

strengthening the economic security of the state is

one of the priority areas of the country’s economic

policy, protecting national interests from the

influence of risks and threats from the external and

internal environment and ensuring the stable

development of the state. The demand in

harmonizing agricultural policy and economic

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security of the European Union’s countries is driven

by the need of state regulation of agricultural policy

and economic security, forasmuch as economic

growth significantly depends on the security of the

agricultural sector, but the achievement of high

efficiency of the agricultural sector, in turn, depends

on the available financial and economic resources

and the optimality and rationality of their use.

In this context, it is reasonable to study the main

trends in determining the amount of funding for the

agricultural sector of the countries of the European

Union. The conducted analysis of the volume of

expenditures of the European Union’s states on

agricultural policy in 2020 (Figure 1) makes it

possible to state that no stable trend has been

recorded in the group of countries under

consideration. It has been established that the

highest volumes of agricultural policy funding are

directed to such countries as: France (9448114

thousand EUR), Spain (6908343 thousand EUR),

Germany (6279967 thousand EUR) and Italy

(5778411 thousand EUR), which introduce the latest

technologies of agriculture at a high level, thereby

significantly increasing productivity in the

agricultural sector.

At the same time, the lowest volumes of

agricultural policy funding are observed in Malta

(19320 thousand EUR), Cyprus (72929 thousand

EUR) and Luxembourg (47,909 thousand EUR).

Fig. 1: The volume of expenditures of the European

Union’ states on agricultural policy in 2020,

thousand EUR

Calculated based on: [23]

It should be noted that highly developed

countries have formed their own agricultural

policies at the proper level and finance the

agricultural sector in sufficient, but not too large

volumes. In addition, some countries have managed

to attract innovation to the development of the

agricultural sector, which has improved their

position and strengthened competitiveness. It is

worth noting the experience of Denmark,

specializing in organic farming; this country is

actively implementing nanotechnology.

The development level of the agricultural sector

of the European Union’s states can be determined

by deepening research in the direction of identifying

certain patterns and features of the agricultural

policy development of the countries of the European

Union. This can be achieved by grouping these

countries in terms of expenditures on agricultural

policy in 2020, using cluster analysis technologies

based on the method of k-means. The corresponding

results of clustering are systematized in Table 1.

Table 1. Grouping of European Union’s states by

the volume of expenditures on agricultural policy in

2020, thousand EUR

The volume of expenditures on

agricultural policy

№

Country

Cluster

number

Germany

Spain

France

Italy

Greece

Poland

Romania

Belgium

Bulgaria

10.

The Czech

Republic

11.

Denmark

12.

Estonia

13.

Ireland

14.

Croatia

15.

Cyprus

16.

Latvia

17.

Lithuania

18.

Luxembourg

19.

Hungary

20.

Malta

21.

The

Netherlands

22.

Austria

23.

Portugal

24.

Slovenia

25.

Slovakia

26.

Finland

27.

Sweden

Calculated based on: [23]

According to the obtained data, three groups of

countries have been formed among the countries of

the European Union, which are characterized by

related characteristics of the formation and

implementation of agricultural policy and features

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Liudmyla Brazhnyk, Viktoriya Ivanyuta,

Tetiana Kravchenko, Olga Kozak, Olga Los,

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E-ISSN: 2224-3496

Volume 19, 2023

of the agricultural sector. The first group includes

such countries as: Germany, Spain, France and Italy,

which have the highest rates of state support for

agricultural policy.

The second group consists of Greece, Poland and

Romania; the agricultural policies of these countries

are aimed at developing innovative technologies of

agricultural production and stimulating youth

activities in agriculture.

The third group includes the countries as

follows: Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic,

Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, Croatia, Cyprus, Latvia,

Lithuania, Luxembourg, Hungary, Malta, the

Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Slovenia, Slovakia,

Finland and Sweden, where the lowest volumes of

agrarian policy funding are recorded.

The study of economic security trends in the

countries of the European Union in 2016 (Figure 2)

made it possible to establish that among the

countries under consideration, the highest value of

the integral indicator of economic security was

recorded in Denmark (0,723), the Netherlands

(0,702), Finland (0,675), Sweden (0,6) and

Luxembourg (0,607), which, according to the

criteria for determining the level of economic

security, corresponds to the optimal value.

Consequently, the countries specified belong to the

group of countries with a high level of economic

security.

Fig. 2: Dynamics of the integral indicator of

economic security in the countries of the European

Union in 2016, %

Calculated based on: [23]

Herewith, the lowest values of the analysed

indicator, which are within critical limits, are

observed in Greece (0,169), Romania (0,194),

Croatia (0,197), Bulgaria (0,201), Hungary (0,268)

and Cyprus (0,243). The results obtained testify to

the existence of a number of financial and economic

problems and require increased attention to the

economic policy of such countries.

Grouping the countries of the European Union

according to the integral indicator of economic

security in 2016 using cluster analysis (Table 2) has

made it possible to identify three groups of countries

with common economic features and problems of

economic development and ensuring economic

security.

Table 2. Grouping the countries of the European

Union according to the integral indicator of

economic security in 2016

The integral indicator of

economic security

№

Country

Cluster

number

Germany

Denmark

Ireland

Luxembourg

The

Netherlands

Finland

Sweden

Spain

France

10.

Belgium

11.

The Czech

Republic

12.

Estonia

13.

Malta

14.

Austria

15.

Portugal

16.

Italy

17.

Greece

18.

Poland

19.

Romania

20.

Bulgaria

21.

Croatia

22.

Cyprus

23.

Latvia

24.

Lithuania

25.

Hungary

26.

Slovenia

27.

Slovakia

Calculated based on: [23]

The first group of countries is characterized by

high indicators of economic security, stability of

economic development and efficiency of economic

policy in all sectors. This group includes highly

developed countries, namely: Germany, Denmark,

Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Finland and

Sweden, which focus on improving the efficiency of

the economy while maintaining economic security.

The second group of countries includes as

follows: Spain, France, Belgium, the Czech

Republic, Estonia, Malta, Austria and Portugal,

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which have relatively high rates of economic

development, relatively high levels of

macroeconomic stability and effective measures to

protect national economic interests from potential

risks and threats.

The third group of countries includes as follows:

Italy, Greece, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia,

Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Slovenia and

Slovakia. The level of economic security of these

countries is characterized as critical due to

strengthening of negative destabilizing factors on

economic processes and the economy as a whole. At

the same time, reforms in restructuring and

subordination have already been completed in these

countries; however, the reform of security structures

is at the stage of formation.

Taking into consideration the fact that

conducting empirical studies of the integral

indicator of economic security of the European

Union’s states in 2020 is quite problematic, based

on calculations conducted in 2016, we substantiate

the main trends in the analysed indicator and factors

influencing it, taking into account changes in GDP,

real prices of agricultural products and changes in

the structure of agricultural products.

It should be noted that the main cost indicator

determining the degree of development of the

national economy and the end result of productive

activity is gross domestic product (GDP). The

dynamics of real GDP growth rates in the countries

of the European Union in 2016 and 2020 (Figure 3)

indicates a significant drop in GDP in 2020 in all

countries of the analysed group, which makes their

economies less flexible and vulnerable to the

destabilizing effects of risks and threats. This

situation is due to the intensification of the global

financial and economic crisis, caused by the

instability of the social-political situation and the

spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Following on

from these trends, it can be hypothesized that the

level of economic security of the European Union’s

states has experienced a negative impact and a

significant decrease under the influence of the

factors outlined.

Fig. 3: Dynamics of real GDP growth rates of the European Union’s states in 2016 and 2020,%

Calculated based on: [23]

At the same time, when analysing the dynamics

of changes in the state of real prices of agricultural

products in the countries of the European Union in

2018–2020 (Figure 4), their decrease is stated,

which is especially noticeable in 2020.

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Fig. 4: Dynamics of change in the state of real prices of agricultural products in the countries of the European

Union in 2020, EUR million

Calculated based on: [23]

In this context, it is advisable to study the

structure of agricultural products, which is reflected

in Figure 5. According to the results of the

calculations, the share of agricultural products in the

European Union’s states in 2020 is occupied by

vegetables and horticultural products (26,5%) and

grain crops growing (21%). Taking this into

consideration, the hypothesis is proved regarding

the significant impact on the volume of growing

agricultural products of plant origin of climatic

conditions for doing business, as well as the

significant impact of global warming.

As for the structure of agricultural products of

animal origin (Figure 6), 59% are livestock products

(17,3% - cattle, 24, 9% - pigs, 0,6% - horses, 2,5% -

sheep and goats, 12,2% - poultry and 1,4% - other

animals), and 41% - products of animal origin

(33,8% milk; 5,7% - eggs; 1,5% - other products).

Fig. 5: The structure of agricultural products by

selected types of crop production in the European

Union in 2020,%

Calculated based on: [23]

Fig. 6: The structure of agricultural products of

animal origin in the European Union in 2020,%

Calculated based on: [23]

Therefore, on the basis of the conducted studies,

it can be concluded that the formation and

implementation of agricultural policy and ensuring

the economic security of the European Union’s

states are closely related. The leading positions in

the structure of agricultural products of plant origin

are occupied by vegetable growing, horticulture and

the cultivation of crop grains, while in the structure

of animal products, the cultivation of pigs and cattle

dominate. Ensuring high rates of development of the

agricultural sector will protect strategically

important aspects of the society and help increase

the level of economic security of the countries.

Therefore, the formation and implementation of a

balanced and effective agrarian policy of the

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countries of the European Union is of particular

importance.

6 Discussion

The results of conducted studies on the

harmonization of agricultural policy and economic

security of the countries of the European Union

make it possible to single out three groups of

countries that have common features in the

formation and implementation of policies in the

agricultural sector of the economy and, in this

context ensuring, a high level of economic security.

Group 1. Countries with a high level of

economic security and effective agricultural policies

that involve the attraction of innovation, the

implementation of innovative abilities and the

satisfaction of consumer needs in terms of the

quality of agricultural products (Germany,

Denmark, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands,

Finland and Sweden).

Group 2. Countries with a relatively high level of

economic security and stable development of the

agricultural sector; the agricultural policy of these

countries is formed in the framework of the general

agricultural policy of the European Union, and

implemented in coordination with leading EU

member states (Spain, France, Belgium, the Czech

Republic, Estonia, Malta, Austria and Portugal).

Group 3. Countries with a low level of economic

security, the formation and implementation of

agricultural policy of which is influenced by

structural changes in the agricultural sector and

growing economic instability (Italy, Greece, Poland,

Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Latvia,

Lithuania, Hungary, Slovenia, Slovakia).

Taking into consideration the significant

differences in the formation and implementation of

agricultural policy and the conditions for ensuring

the economic security of the countries of the

European Union, it is advisable to increase the food

saturation and balance of national agricultural

markets, as well as the dynamic economic

development of rural areas.

7 Conclusions

Thus, the harmonization of agricultural policy and

economic security of the countries of the European

Union lies in ensuring such a security state of the

economy of the country and the agricultural sector,

which guarantees constant and effective

development and protection from the destabilizing

influence of risks and threats of the external and

internal environment. It has been established that the

agricultural policy of the European Union is formed

and implemented depending on the geographical

location of the country, taking into account the

features of its climatic conditions, economic

development; it focuses on the basic principles of

the common agricultural policy of the European

Union. In addition, highly developed countries use

innovations to a greater extent in implementing

economic activities in the agricultural sector. It has

been proved that the leading positions in the

structure of agricultural products of plant origin are

occupied by vegetable growing, horticulture, the

cultivation of crop grains and livestock. In order to

provide an advanced development of the agrarian

policy of the European Union’s states in the context

of ensuring the economic security of the state, it is

necessary to direct the main efforts towards

improving the efficiency of its institutional support,

transparency, stability and flexibility.

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DOI: 10.37394/232015.2023.19.1

Liudmyla Brazhnyk, Viktoriya Ivanyuta,

Tetiana Kravchenko, Olga Kozak, Olga Los,

Svitlana Pavliuk

E-ISSN: 2224-3496

Volume 19, 2023

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