81efe3ea-c9e8-4b4c-90ca-309a5db5096e20240304052827824wseas:wseasmdt@crossref.orgMDT DepositWSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT2224-34961790-507910.37394/232015http://wseas.org/wseas/cms.action?id=4031928202292820221910.37394/232015.2023.19https://wseas.com/journals/ead/2023.phpEmmanuelKarapidakisEnergy, Environment and Climate Change Institute, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos Campus 71410 Heraklion, GREECESofiaYfantiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean University Estavromenos Campus 71410 Heraklion GREECEChristosKouknakosDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean University Estavromenos Campus 71410 Heraklion GREECEA sustainable power system will require an extensive reliance on renewable energy sources (RES). Taking into account the fact that a significant share of RES has already been deployed, either on large or a small scale, today’s most crucial issue is their further participation in an extensive and secure power generation expansion to cover the large future energy demand. Although there is the needed capacity of RES that could cover the corresponding demand, the current power system structure and operation emerge limitations, which hold back their further exploitation. The introduction of energy storage systems, such as pump storage and batteries can help the further exploitation of the needed RES by balancing the current load demand and the intermittent power flow of photovoltaics and wind turbines. This paper analyses a recently interconnected island power system operation, as a representative case study, and demonstrates benefits, such as CO2 emissions reduction, and obstacles emerged by ultra-high penetration of RES. 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