Creative Principles of Cultural Tourism Development in Ukraine
KHYSTYNA PLETSAN
Research Institute, Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts
Kyiv, UKRAINE
VOLODYMYR ANTONENKO
Department of International Tourism, Kyiv University of Culture
Kyiv, UKRAINE
ALLA HAVRYLIUK
Department of Hotel and Restaurant and Tourism Business,
Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts
Kyiv, UKRAINE
ANDRIY MOTSA
Department of Geography and Tourism,
Ferenc Rakoczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education,
Zakarpattia, UKRAINE
TIBOR IZHAK
Department of Geography and Tourism,
Ferenc Rakoczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education,
Zakarpattia, UKRAINE
Abstract: This research paper comprises a detailed view of the development of cultural tourism in Ukraine and
the key principles are also analyzed transparently in this research study. The purpose of this article is the
finding out about the economy and the strength of Ukraine in the field of tourism. The survey has been
conducted for seeing what changes and innovations are required in the tourism industry for increasing the
economy of the country. The results demonstrate a clear idea about the core principles of creative thinking that
have been implemented to develop cultural tourism in Ukraine. For a detailed discussion, four thematic
analyses have been mentioned and three surveys have been made and analyzed. The research methodology is
actually based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the result of assessing the role of professionalism
in tourism and hospitality and for training the employees for a better economy. The special survey has been
done as a quantitative method and the theme has been used as a qualitative tool for analysis. Results actually
demonstrated the research very well and showed that there is a need for an increase in technology. The
innovation in technology leads to the growth in revenue and economy in the market globally. Inadequate
communication has been found to be a gap that slows down cultural development, so communication also
needs to be increased for better interaction with tourists. The practical significance of the result lies in the fact
that the use of the proposed methodology is appropriate for application in the process of managing the sphere of
tourism at the national level.
Key-Words: Cultural development, sustainability, tourism, communication, innovation
Received: October 10, 2021. Revised: July 12, 2022. Accepted: August 16, 2022. Published: September 6, 2022.
1 Introduction
Tourism has grown at a speed over the last few
decades and the forecast gives an indication of the
ever-fasting growth in the whole world. The most
important pillar of the tourism Industry is
humanity's natural desire for seeing the Different
cultural identification and the Influence of different
cultures in different parts of the world. It has been
seen that national tourism has the cultural heritage
that actually energizes the national pride of the
country. In international tourism, cultural heritage
actually helps in gaining respect and the
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Khystyna Pletsan, Volodymyr Antonenko,
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understanding of the other culture which helps in
promoting peace and understanding of the culture.
The cultural heritage actually helps in attracting the
tourist by nature, its kind uniqueness, and the
development of a sustainable tourist spot for the
tourist.
The tourism industry actually makes a special
contribution to the country’s economy and increases
the strength of the country. In spite of Ukrainian
natural, diversion and cultural possibilities, we can
see an increase in the GDP of only about USD 1.3
million at the expense of the tourism industry. As
per research, it has been seen that the tourism
Industry has hardly contributed to the increase of
competition in Ukraine in the sales market. The
purpose of this research is estimation the trends in
tourism activities in Ukraine and the factors that
actually create a negative image worldwide. The
implementation of strategic quantification of the
development of the Ukrainian tourism Industry
helps in creating the country's attractiveness in
revitalizing the growth of tourism in Ukraine. It has
also been seen that the reduction of the number of
participants in tourism activity is negative for the
Ukrainian economy and for the growth of the
business of Ukrainian tourism.
2 Literature Review
According to Kiselyov, Adamenko & Rudy (2020),
the scientific research speaks about the huge spread
of the implementation of the international
conception of sustainable development of tourism,
and the role of ecotourism actually gaining a lot of
popularity in the field of the tourism industry. On
the other hand, the growth of tourism in Ukraine has
increased just by 4% which is smaller growth than
in other countries. The government of Ukraine has
already developed a few strategies for the
development of tourism, and the strategy speaks
about how to speed up and fasten the growth of
tourism and resorts which can be changed into
highly efficient with a lot of integration to enter the
huge profit in the market industry (Roskladka et al.
2018). The government already started
implementing a strategy in a few of the places or
areas in tourism which include the ensure in field of
safety of tourists who visit Ukraine and including
their legal rights and their interest in visiting,
putting all legislation together with the EU
regulations in tourism. The EU legislation actually
helps in ensuring the creation of good territory and
attracting tourists through beautiful tourism
Infrastructure (Kinash et al. 2019). It also speaks
about the formation and the promotion of a positive
picture of Ukraine which has attracted more and
more tourists to visit and increased its market
growth worldwide.
According to Adamenko (2020), the tourism of
Ukraine has attracted tourists through the
expectation of the development of ecotourism. It has
been seen that the development of ecotourism has
been done in such a way that has met all the criteria
for ecotourism as well as the study regarding the
socio-economic side of eco-tourism (Kalaitan et al.
2021). The author also mentioned that in Ukraine
the popularity of eco-tourism began with creating an
association named “Ukrainian Association of Active
and Ecological Tourism”. This association is a
public initiative that helps in promoting the increase
in the growth of environment-friendly active
restoration and ecological tourism (Panchenko et al.
2018). There are a few forms of ecotourism
associations that have been formed and functioning
in Ukraine.
In 2022 international tourism continues to
recover from the COVID-19 crisis. According to
WTO data destinations welcomed almost three
times as many international tourist arrivals
(overnight visitors) as in the same period of 2021,
with Europe leading the rebound. International
arrivals increased 182% year-on-year in Q1 2022 to
an estimated 117 million international arrivals
compared to 41 million in Q1 2021. Of the extra 76
million international arrivals, about 47 million were
recorded in March. Despite the strong rebound
experienced in Q1 2022, international tourism
remained 61% below 2019 levels (WTO, 2022).
This growth also happens because ecotourism is
very much suitable in different countries and in
Ukraine in the field of modification of the landscape
and its beautification with the combination of
cultural and ethical features which are combined
together. Ukraine is the land where a lot of rare
animals and birds in the wild land have been seen,
with a beautiful mountain and forest altogether.
The effect of tourism for Ukraine are
summurised in the Table 1.
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Table 1. Different effect of tourism in Ukraine
Measurement
Component
Cultural
Cultural heritage of tourist places.
Linking between the cultures of the state with tourists.
Taking the tourist to the culturally rich place to give knowledge about the place.
Ethical
Political Instability actually led to the collapse of tourism in Ukraine.
Political Instability has increased the influence of travel advice on the choices of the
travel list for tourists.
Eco Tourism
Ecotourism helps in educating the tourist for giving effort and development
regarding the natural area (Pysarevskyi et al. 2020).
Ecotourism actually helps in economic growth more than any tourism in the state.
Sustainability
Sustainability has decreased a lot in the tourism factor of Ukraine because it
hampers a lot in the area of soil erosion, increases in pollution, and product
discharge into the water.
It has also created a lot of pressure on endangered species such as animals and
plants and more exposure to a wild forest fire.
Ecology
The ecological factor contributes to the conservation of biodiversity.
It actually manages the sustainability of the local people of Ukraine.
Source: Compiled by author.
The development of tourism actually needs a lot of
investment and help support from the government
and it's necessary for developing a system of tax
incentives for small businesses related to tourism in
the stage of doing proper ecotourism. There should
be a proper adjustment related to the tax for the
local community in Ukraine.
3 Methodology
In this study, interviews were used among the
employees of the tourism industry of Ukraine who
voluntarily and anonymously agreed to participate
in the experiment. The group of participants, among
whom the survey was conducted, consists of 71
employees of travel companies from different
regions of Ukraine. All participants received and
filled out a questionnaire through a Google form.
The stages of the experiment are divided into 3
parts:
1) identification and identification of the target
audience;
2) formation of the questionnaire and its
distribution among the participants;
3) control over the conduct of the experiment and
generalization of its results.
This survey option is suggested by many
scholars who apply qualitative surveys and exploits
the rich potential of qualitative data, and the results
obtained have much to offer researchers, especially
with regard to online delivery of the questionnaire.
At the same time, this method remains
underutilized, and methodological discussions of
qualitative surveys are based on assumptions about
the insufficient depth of qualitative survey data
(Braun et al. 2021).
The formative stage was conducted by obtaining
answers to questions about how new technologies
can increase tourism in Ukraine. The assessment of
the criteria for new technology to attract more and
more tourists in the hotel and at the ecotourism
stage is due to the fact that without the use of new
technology, there will be no economic growth of the
state, which is extremely necessary at the macro
level (Tange et al. 2019). The next assessment
looked at how hotels would increase their
effectiveness through teamwork to make decisions
about the use of strategy and innovation that would
enable them to maintain proper teamwork internally.
The last assessment, which was made by the
participants of the survey, concerned the
requirement for the implementation and expansion
of staff training to reduce the problems faced by
Ukraine in the field of cultural tourism.
Thus, three general questions were formed, to
which the survey participants could also add their
comments, explanations, reflections or their own
vision of the problem:
Question 1. Is there a need to implement digital
technologies to improve the experience of travelers,
as well as to share information about the culture of
Ukraine?
Question 2. Are the strengthening of the ability
to work as a team, as well as the adoption of a
transparent strategic decision, important for the
exponential improvement of cultural tourism in
Ukraine?
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Question 3. Is there a need to introduce staff
training methods to expand their skills regarding the
process of expanding cultural tourism?
4 Results
Ukraine is one of the largest countries in Europe,
which offers tourists various types of sights,
historical places, various festivals, as well as well-
preserved cultural heritage sites. Cultural tourism
includes various components, such as organizing a
tour to the countryside, studying various aspects of
local culture, visiting various cultural heritage sites,
participating in festivals, and others. This part of the
research results aims to investigate a detailed view
of the influence of cultural tourism on the
development of the economy of Ukraine.
Theme 1. The enormous potential of museums,
as well as their valuable collections, provide a great
advantage for the development of cultural tourism
By exchanging knowledge with travelers, as well
as sharing experiences with them, tourism industry
experts can increase their interest in various cultural
sites in Ukraine. There are many museums in
Ukraine, and these museums are rich in a variety of
national heritage materials (neighbors.eu, 2022).
The Government of Ukraine has also introduced
several important laws to carefully preserve
museum values and give them important
importance. The government also spends large
amounts of budget funds on proper maintenance of
museum exhibits. Government institutions and
organizations also organize various training
programs for museum professionals, as well as
initiate innovative projects to improve the
effectiveness of these cultural objects for travelers.
Various types of unique technologies such as
artificial intelligence and machine learning have
also been used to scientifically investigate various
types of ancient valuables.
In addition to all this, local authorities in
different regions of Ukraine have taken several
initiatives to initiate and support the transparent
creation of the “Professional Museum Association”.
For example, various types of annual conferences,
innovative workshops and virtual trainings have
taken place to promote various educational
programs, as well as to share historical information
that is interesting to create attraction among citizens
of different countries (Chernega et al., 2019). The
Ministry of Culture of Ukraine has assumed a key
role in raising awareness of the benefits of
improving cultural heritage and supporting cultural
institutions. Due to the strengthening of
interrelationships between the various structures of
the country, such as education sectors, social
protection institutions, scientific sectors,
government officials are trying to promote cultural
tourism, as well as strengthen the policy-making
factors of tourism management, which can also
improve the quality of life of local communities.
Thanks to all these mechanisms, a huge tourist
advantage was created, which encourages the
development of cultural tourism in Ukraine.
Theme 2. An inspiring group of several cultural
professionals started to collaborate, sharing their
innovative ideas that stimulate cultural tourism
sectors
There are various organizations as well as local
institutions that work together to support the wider
development of cultural heritage sites.
Representatives of local authorities are also creating
a special group to critically analyze the state of all
cultural monuments of local and state importance,
along with their contribution to the economy of the
region and the country. They also measure the
amount of funding needed to successfully service all
of these things. In addition, the development of a
well-structured museum network can also become
the basis for the generation of cultural tourism in
this country (Iaromenko, Shykina & Niecheva,
2019). The compact creation of a museum network
and the promotion of these networks at the national
and international levels contributes to the intensive
development of the cultural heritage sectors. The
inclusion of education sectors in tourism
development sectors also contributes to a better
understanding of cultural heritage, and in this field,
the staff of these heritage sites also improve them by
learning unique methods of presenting heritage to
travelers.
Along with the emergence of these two sectors,
several other groups have also developed, including
a large number of education professionals as well as
community representatives. There is also a certain
group that has taken responsibility for the protection
of all cultural objects of Ukraine. To introduce
effective management of various types of culturally
rich sites, professional training on effective
management approaches was also provided to
tourism professionals to improve the quality of
cultural diversification in Ukraine.
From the Figure 1, it can be stated that the
emergence of attractive hotels can incentivize the
motif of cultural tourism and a significant rise has
been observed from 2014 to 2019.
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Fig. 1: The emergence of hotels that also encourages
effective tourism
Source: Statista.com, 2022
Theme 3. A huge lack of strategic planning can
immensely impede the current development of
cultural tourism in Ukraine
The culture of Ukraine is totally influenced by
the “Eastern orthodox church and various traditions
of Slavic mythology”. There is a huge requirement
of implementing attractive strategic planning that
can assist an exponential rise of cultural tourism in
Ukraine. According to some research, it has been
revealed that government officials cannot ensure the
community by incorporating strict strategic planning
in accordance with uplifting cultural conditions. A
major reason behind this is the recent pandemic
(Kiselyov, Adamenko & Rudy, 2020). There is a
huge need of expanding a significant amount of
revenue for research on the current condition of
cultural tourism and the actual value of cultural
things.
An arrangement of the exhibition on the cultural
sites as well as an exhibition of cultural festivals is
also important to spread the cultural significance
around the whole community. Making clear and
regular contacts as well as building good
relationships among several educational institutions
in the field of proper planning of cultural tourism is
important for improvising a compact strategic plan.
Audience-centric educational program and at the
same time expenditure in lifelong learning areas is
important for all types of visitors (Grytsiuk,
Grytsiuk & Gryciuk, 2017). There is also an
immense need for the implementation of creative
services such as souvenir shops, thematic tours,
well-decorated restaurants and attractive book
shops. Effective training for team building,
leadership management, and constant assessment of
creative innovation is important things for a well
capacity building. After all, it can be stated that a
good strategic framework is needed immediately to
strengthen the recent condition of the tourism area
of Ukraine.
Theme 4. Co-operation at diverse levels such as
government bodies as well as non-governmental
institutions encourages the improvement of cultural
tourism
Effective leadership management is needed for
the tourism professionals to guide the tourism
individuals towards a huge revenue generation as
well as provide a better travel experience to the
travelers. Apart from this, there is a huge need to
boost professional relationships among the staff of
the tourism industry to boost cultural tourism in
Ukraine.
Development of the cultural tourism in Ukraine
is performed in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2: Development of cultural tourism in Ukraine
Source: Self-created
Effective trying in sharing information as well as
organizing a regular meeting with all the
experienced tourism professionals assist build up a
strong team that can hugely encourage the other
staff to achieve their goals in the field of cultural
tourism. Different government, as well as non-
government professionals, collaboratively contribute
their creative thinking to uplift the condition of
tourism and there are a few important steps that
have been needed to boost up this sector at an
exponential rate (Siutkin et al. 2017).
Explaining a transparent decision to the
community individuals and museum staff,
encouraging leadership at all professional levels,
collaborating working with diverse institutions,
understanding the demand of the community,
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managing accountability to all staff of cultural sites,
weekly training about innovative technologies
regarding tourism management, hiring expert
professionals are considered as some of the
important steps to uplift the current condition of
tourism.
Next, let's analyze the results of the survey.
Question 1. Is there a need to implement digital
technologies to improve the experience of travelers,
as well as to share information about the culture of
Ukraine? (see table 2, Fig. 3).
Table 2. Requirement of imposing digital technologies to enhance a good experience of the travelers
Total Participants
Response collected
Percentage
71
50
70
71
15
21
71
5
7
71
1
2
Source: Compiled by the authors
According to the table 1, it has been seen that
there are 50 individuals who have given a strong
positive reply regarding a transparent requirement of
incorporation of digital technologies for increasing a
significant experience among travelers. There are
also 15 persons who have agreed with the proposal.
After all, it can be concluded that there is an
immediate requirement of inculcating digital
technologies to encourage cultural tourism.
Figure 3. Answers on the Question 1 Requirement of
imposing digital technologies to enhance a good
experience for the travelers
In accordance with Fig. 3, a strongly agreed
person reflects 70 % of responses among the total
71 individuals, and there is a huge difference in
percentage between the negative responses and
positive responses individuals.
Question 2. Are the strengthening of the ability to
work as a team, as well as the adoption of a
transparent strategic decision, important for the
exponential improvement of cultural tourism in
Ukraine?(see Table 3).
From table 2, it can be stated that 60 individuals
have given a positive reply that indicates the strong
acceptance of this proposal. Through this survey
response, it can be transparently said that good
strategic teamwork, as well as decisions, are needed
for the improvement of cultural tourism.
Table 3. Strengthening the ability of teamwork as well as incorporating a transparent strategic decision
Options Given
Total Participants
Response collected
Percentage
Strongly Agree
71
40
57
Agree
71
20
28
Disagree
71
5
7
Strongly Disagree
71
6
8
Source: Compiled by the authors
Among the total percentage, 57 % of survey
individuals have given strong positive replies. Only
15 % of individuals answered negatively. It signifies
a huge acceptance of the mentioned proposal.
Question 3. Is there a need to introduce staff
training methods to expand their skills regarding
the process of expanding cultural tourism?
Table 4. A requirement of implementation of staff training
Options Given
Total Participants
Response collected
Percentage
Strongly Agree
71
45
63
Agree
71
15
21
70%
21%
7% 2%
“Strongly Agree”
“Agree”
“Disagree”
“Strongly Disagree”
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Disagree
71
7
10
Strongly Disagree
71
4
6
Source: Compiled by the authors
From Table 4, it can be clearly said that the number
of positive responses from individuals is high that
hugely exceeds the negative responses of the person.
There are 60 persons who have replied positively
regarding the proposed matter which indicates
empowerment of staff through skill development is
essential. 84 % of the survey individuals have given
a positive reply to the question. Only 16 % of the
people have given an answer with negativity. It
signals a huge expectancy of the most requirements
in the field of Training of the employee for the
advancement of economic growth of sales in the
worldwide market. The hotel and tourism industry
should get the proper idea about the training and
should include the communication for the customer
service of the tourist, and then there should be some
changes in the management department expectation
for knowing the role of each and every employee of
the team.
5 Discussion
The results of the study indicate the potential and
feasibility of the actual cultural development of
tourism in Ukraine. We found that Ukraine has a
huge cultural heritage, which includes museums that
play an important role in the tourism industry. In
national tourism, cultural heritage plays an
important role in stimulating national pride in its
history. Therefore, in Ukraine, the museum is an
important state historical monument (Karpa et al.,
2020). However, in order to attract more tourists and
create a proper environment for tourists, the country
should provide tourists with suitable places to stay
with a guidebook to show all the cultural places.
The government has introduced several laws to
protect these heritage sites in such a way that
tourists cannot damage any property.
The results of our study correlate with the results
of a survey regarding the use of digital platforms,
such as social media, to convert information about
Ukrainian culture and tourist destinations into a
digital format (Bіelousova, 2019). Currently, several
commercials have been prepared, which promote
the culture of local residents and famous tourist
destinations.
The Government of Ukraine sends state
representatives to various trade and tourism fairs.
During the fair, advertising booklets with photos of
the country are distributed to tourists, inviting them
to come and see the beautiful country of Ukraine.
The government spends a lot of money to improve
the status of Ukrainian tourism by investing in the
renovation of museums. Also, the government
mainly focuses on ecotourism and tourism
sustainability. Modern Ukrainian hotels train
employees to meet all criteria of sustainable
development (Kyrylov & Yarovoy, 2018). The main
emphasis, which is relevant at the moment, is more
attention to the environment, ensuring its
preservation and recreation. The Ukrainian
authorities are trying to develop and are preparing
plans to support the sustainable recovery of tourism
by promoting the digital transition.
It should be emphasized that the field of tourism
is the type of business that feels the impact of global
digitalization the most and is the link that conveys
its trends to the end consumer and at the same time
performs the function of educating the consumer on
the use of digitalization products and establishing
digital communication.
The main task of digital communications is to
develop an environment of digital transformation
and establish an infrastructure between interested
participants of the tourism business environment,
requiring a shift in emphasis to consumers and
increasing the flexibility of data processing centers
that must support consumers.
6 Conclusion
Ukraine is full of significant tourist potential, and
not only in the purely direct meaning of this word,
currently we are talking about the potential for the
development of cultural and educational tourism.
Ukraine has a tourist and recreational culture,
cultural and historical monuments, unique products
of folk crafts, and above all, it is marked by the
rapid development of creative and cultural
industries. All this attracts tourists from different
countries of the world.
Cultural tourism is a form of tourism, the
purpose of which is to get acquainted with the
culture and cultural environment of the place of
visit, including the landscape, getting to know the
traditions of the inhabitants and their way of life,
artistic culture and art, various forms of leisure
activities of local residents. Cultural tourism can
include visits to cultural events, museums, cultural
heritage sites, contacts with local residents. Also,
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cultural tourism can be considered not only as one
of the types of tourism, but also as an export
strategy for the development of the cultural sphere
of the city, in close relationship with the
development of the urban area.
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Khystyna Pletsan, Volodymyr Antonenko,
Alla Havryliuk, Andriy Motsa, Tibor Izhak
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WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on ENVIRONMENT and DEVELOPMENT
DOI: 10.37394/232015.2022.18.103
Khystyna Pletsan, Volodymyr Antonenko,
Alla Havryliuk, Andriy Motsa, Tibor Izhak
E-ISSN: 2224-3496
1093
Volume 18, 2022