Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Internally Displaced Persons
in North-East, Nigeria
YERIMA HAMMAN WABI, CROSS OGOHI DANIEL, HADIZA SAIDU ABUBAKAR
Department of Business Administration,
Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja
NIGERIA
Abstract - Corporate Social Responsibility and its proper implementation entail that organizations are not just
driven by the quest for economic gain or a good reputation, but that they are deliberate with positively affecting the
lives of the members of their host communities. The study investigated the Impact of Corporate Social
Responsibility on Internally Displaced Persons in North-East, Nigeria. Also other objectives includes to examine
the impact of social responsibility on Internally Displaced Children in North East, Nigeria, and to evaluate the
impact of economic responsibility on internally displaced elderly persons in North East. The researcher adopted the
cross sectional research design and structured questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. The simple
random sampling technique was adopted in the study. Data analysis was committed to descriptive statistics of mean
and percentages as well as correlation and regression analysis. The results showed that Social responsibility does
have positive impact on Internally Displaced Children in North East, Nigeria; Economic responsibility does have
positive impact on internally displaced elderly persons in North East, Nigeria. The study concludes corporate social
responsibility has emerged as a form of sustainability governance with advantages to the economic, environment
and social progress of the Internally Displaced Person’s at 5% level of significance. It was recommended that
corporate social responsibility of the companies should be more environmentally demanded rather than Marjory
from angle of ethical consideration and philanthropic obligations.
Keywords: Corporate social responsibility, social responsibility, economic responsibility, internally displaced
persons, North-East Nigeria.
Received: August 23, 2021. Revised: June 7, 2022. Accepted: June 18, 2022. Published: July 8, 2022.
1 Introduction
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concept
whereby organizations consider the interest of the
society by taking responsibility for the impact of
their activities on customers, employees,
shareholders, communities and the environment in all
the aspects of their operations.
In early days of business organization, it was
generally agreed that businesses has only one
objective, and that is to make profit. The business
became faulted for putting too much emphasis on
profit only and too little on human welfare.
The concept of CSR suggests that organisations
are not meant to be unapproachable, careless, or
insensitive about their activities as they relate to
others not directly involved in the running of the
firm. The negative consequences of the operations of
many organizations have drawn the attention of
stakeholders and calls have been made for firms to
become responsible for members of the communities
that host their operations [1] [2].
CSR, also referred to as corporate citizenship,
ensures that firms remain aware of the effect of their
activities on every aspects of societal living including
the social, environmental, and economic dimensions.
According to [3] the humanitarian crisis
resulting from activities of insurgents in the North
East of the country is showing no sign of abating,
going by reports from different agencies in and
outside of the country such as Amnesty International,
International Organization for Migration [4].
Apart from concerns about the escalating number
of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), the poor
living conditions in the IDPs camps is alarming and
calls for more commitment from all concerned.
Besides, available statistics shows that Nigeria has
the highest number of displaced persons in Africa
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which is estimated at 3.3 million as at the year 2014
[29]
The figure includes those displaced as a result of
Boko Haram attacks, communal conflicts, floods
disaster and incessant clashed between farmers and
Fulani herdsmen in North east Nigeria. On a global
scale, Nigeria is ranked behind Syria, with 6.5
million IDPs and Colombia with 5.7 million.
[29] asserts that the IDPs figures have risen
unprecedentedly in the preceding years due largely to
increase number of Boko Haram attacks, heavy-
landed counter-insurgency and ongoing inter-
communal violent conflicts in North east Nigeria.
With Corporate Social Responsibility becoming
a more integrated part of business functions, it is
important for companies to evaluate the effect they
have on the reactions they create in society. Not all
CSR activities have tangible returns for companies
that partake in them, but for more companies to
engage in CSR activities it is important for them to
see the benefit.
The factors used in this research have been
adopted as measures of CSR in the North east,
Nigeria placed in context with the most internally
displaced persons and evaluate these activities when
making decisions. If there is no relationship between
the independent variables of this research and the
corporate reputation, then it can be concluded that the
market is not at the point to where it is evaluating
CSR actions as an indicator for corporate reputation
decisions [5]
Also in business context, CSR has emerged as a
form of sustainability governance with advantages to
the economic, environment and social progress.
Successful stake holders know that their long-term
success is based on continued good relations with a
wide range of individuals, groups and institutions in
the society. Smart firms know that business can’t
succeed in societies that are failing, whether this is
due to social or environmental challenges, or
governance problems.
In this study, CSR is the business model adopted
by organizations that enables them conduct their
operations in such a way that adds value to their
environment rather than harm it. It is a business
strategy that ensures that firms are not only self-
regulated but are also accountable to their
customers/clients, employees, shareholders,
suppliers, middlemen/distributors, the host
community, and the general public. This paper tend
to examine the impact of social responsibility on
Internally Displaced Children in North East, Nigeria
and to evaluate the impact of economic responsibility
on internally displaced elderly persons in North East,
Nigeria.
2 Literature Review
2.1 Concept of Corporate Social Responsibility
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is created due
to the conflict between the organizations’ objectives
of maximizing benefits with their consequent actions
and the need of being responsible to society and
environment. Although CSR has been and is a very
subjective concept, it has been a subject of extensive
research and arguments over the last few decades [6].
CSR developed as a result of the interaction
between industrialization and globalization [7]. As
industrialization grew, corporations were criticized
for advocating factory labour [7]. The factory labour
system required many work hours and that workers
live far away from home thus it was having a
negative impact on family and the community. To
counter this criticism, corporations developed
“industrial welfare programs, which provided for the
education, recreation and socialization” [7] of factory
workers. Shortly after World War 1, Howard Bowen
came up with what would become one of the earliest
conceptions of CSR [7].
[8] argued that an organization has three main
responsibilities: people, planet and profit. An
organization is responsible for its employees,
environment and economic stability. The triple
bottom line provides information about the
economic, environmental, and social performance of
an organization. According to [9], explained that
CSR consist in the following six parts: community,
environment, marketplace, workplace, ethics and
human rights. CSR in the marketplace is mostly
concentrating on suppliers and customers. [10]
described workplace as the kind of issues that a
company should engage in. It includes all the parts of
the human resource department.
2.2 Social Responsibilities
Social responsibility means that businesses, in
addition to maximizing shareholder value, must act
in a manner that benefits society. Social
responsibility has become increasingly important to
investors and consumers who seek investments that
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are not just profitable but also contribute to the
welfare of society and the environment.
However, critics argue that the basic nature of
business does not consider society as a stakeholder.
Social responsibility is a means of achieving
sustainability. The responsibility of an organization
for the impacts of its decisions and activities on
society and the environment, through transparent and
ethical behavior that: Contributes to sustainable
development, including health and the welfare of
society.
[11] conducted a study to better understand when,
why, and how consumers respond to corporate social
initiatives. Interestingly, the research conducted
supported [12] [14] emphasis on unique strategic
positioning through CSR initiatives. [11] found,
Distinctive CSR initiatives that set the company apart
from its competitors are not only more likely to catch
consumers’ attention, but also to generate attributions
and attitudes.
Furthermore, the results of the study indicated
when companies engaged in a variety of CSR
initiatives, perceptions that such efforts cohere into a
natural, sensible whole is likely to result in more
positive internal outcomes. These internal outcomes
may include consumer awareness, attitudes toward
the company, attachment with a company, and
positive consumer feelings of well-being [11].
It was also discussed earlier how [12] provided
two key reasons why CSR initiatives are not as
productive as they could be. The researchers
attributed lack of productivity to corporations pitting
themselves against society and also to the generic
stance often taken on CSR initiatives. In selecting
which CSR initiatives to support, corporations must
choose those initiatives which fit well with the
business of the corporation and recognize the
codependency of business and society.
The first problem addressed by [12] is of utmost
importance. In the current review of CSR literature,
no study was found which emphasized this profound
idea –that business and society were so dependent
upon one another. Consistent with the assertions of
[14], most researchers’ justifications of CSR relied
on at least one of four components, moral obligation,
sustainability, license to operate, and reputation.
For example, in the article written by [13], it was
argued one of the reasons corporations engage in
socially responsible activities is because of strong
state regulation and other independent organizations
that monitor them. In another example, [15] briefly
mentioned how organizations and stakeholders are
involved in an exchange in which the firm offers
something of value to the stakeholders and in turn
they will support the firm.
Interestingly, the main focus of the article is on
goodwill management options of firms but instead of
focusing on the potential impacts of a reciprocal
relationship between the firm and stakeholders, the
authors focus on stakeholders’ demands and
constraints placed upon the organization.
2.3 Economic Responsibility
Economic responsibilities mean ensuring an
economic advantage both to the region from where
the purchase arrived and to the region where it is
marketed. The essential responsibility of business is
assumed to be providing goods and services to
society at a reasonable cost. It is also an economic
benefit both to the region from which the purchase
came and to the region in which it is marketed.
Economic responsibilities mean ensuring an
economic advantage both to the region from where
the purchase arrived and to the region where it is
marketed. The essential responsibility of business is
assumed to be providing goods and services to
society at a reasonable cost. It is also an economic
benefit both to the region from which the purchase
came and to the region in which it is marketed.
Business organizations are entities designed to
provide goods and services to society economically.
The profit motive is central to entrepreneurship. As
its principal role, businesses were required to
produce goods and services and make an acceptable
profit in the process.
At some point in time the idea of profit motive
got transformed into a notion of maximum profits
and this has been an enduring value economically
ever since [16].
Society's expectations suggest that organizations
produce goods / services needed and desired by
consumers [17].
While the companies founded in order to meet
customer demands for products and services. In
addition to the wealth they add value to the economy
[17]. As well as, offering work opportunities and pay
to them employees fairly. Therefore, companies are
expected to put the interests of shareholders and
other partners in mind, with the achievement of
efficiency and profitability, and the creation of
economic value wherever they operate [18].
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2.4 IDPs in Nigeria: Causes, Prevalence, and
Response
Prior to insurgency in northern Nigeria, displacement
in the country have been triggered by incessant
torrential rainstorms, flashfloods, ethno-religious
violence, militancy, and state sanctioned demolitions
of “illegal” structures, cutting across Nigeria’s six
geo-political zones.
In these situations, displacement occurred at a
minimal level in terms of figures and groups hurt.
However, following the thick of insurgency that
began over a decade ago, displacement have
happened on a humongous scale and have taken a
devastating toll on vulnerable groups. In other words,
the wave of insurgency in the country have continued
to account for the upsurge in the Numbers of IDPs in
Nigeria, sparking a humanitarian crisis.
The International Displacement Monitoring
Council (IDMC) reports that over 3 million people
have been displaced in Nigeria [29], thereby, ranking
the country has having the highest population of
IDPs in Africa (Premium Times, 2019). Although
local authorities such as the National Emergency
Management Agency (NEMA) have, to a reasonable
degree, assume certain responsibilities for displaced
persons, in terms of providing temporary shelters and
facilitating aids delivery, more calls, however, have
been made by the Nigerian political leadership urging
for additional support from the organized private
sector (including non-government organizations, for-
profit organizations, civil society organizations, faith-
based organization etc.), with reference to the
deployment of helping professionals to camps where
this people are sheltered.
Today, in response to such calls, many
independent humanitarian organizations within and
outside the shores of the country, have been active on
ground level in providing support services to IDPs.
As an advantage in conducting various tasks, these
organizations utilize the services of helping
professionals such as healthcare workers,
psychiatrists, social workers, among others.
2.5 Theoretical Anchor
[19] conceptualization of stakeholders offers a good
framework for understanding CSR and its
relationship to multiple stakeholders. What
sometimes becomes more challenging is identifying
who are an organization‘s stakeholders.
[20] provided a theory to help identify corporate
stakeholders in the context of CSR. [21] went on to
argue that management’s decision-making should
incorporate stakeholder representatives. There were a
variety of perspectives which were closely related to
the stakeholder theory. For example, [22] perceived
the firm as a system of stakeholders which operated
legally within society, with a market infrastructure.
He held that the purpose of the firm was to create
wealth or value to its stakeholders.
Eventually, [24] have revisited their stakeholder
theory, by insisting that the main goal of CSR is to
create value to stakeholders, including the local
community. Consequently, they suggested replacing
the notion of corporate social responsibility by
company stakeholder responsibility. This was not
intended to be a mere semantic change, as it was a
completely different interpretation of the CSR
meaning [23].
Perhaps, [24] stance may have been influenced
by [28] article. The authors presented a proposal for
the creation of value (economic, social and ecologic
perspectives). Essentially, they have proposed the
reconciliation of the stakeholders’ approach with
CSR and sustainability. They argued that this new
approach has increased the economic value for
shareholders.
According to the stakeholder theory; the
management’s duties’ extended beyond the fiduciary
duties they owed to shareholders. Undoubtedly, this
theory has recognised the importance of human
resources to the organisation. This reasoning was
also consonant with [25] statement that a good
business is a community with a purpose. The concept
of stakeholder management was becoming very
popular among business practitioners. Apparently,
this theory seemed to provide a guideline which led
towards achieving business success in the long term
[26] [27].
3 Methodology
The study adopted cross-sectional design. The design
is believed to be most suitable since there are no real
experiments carried out with human beings who are
the study subjects in this case. The design suitability
is also seen in the fact that it involved taking a
sample of elements from a population of interest
which is measured at a single point in time.
The survey instruments such as questionnaire
were designed in a way that meaningful results could
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be achieved. The population of this study comprised
3600 internally displaced persons from all the states
in Northeast of Nigeria. The sample size was
determined using taro Yamane formula; the sample
was calculated to be 600 samples. The participating
individuals were selected from each state using
simple random sampling.
The questionnaire was divided into 2 major
sections. Section A sought information on the
demography of respondents. Section B elicited
information relevant for answering the single
research questions posed in the study. Copies of the
structured questionnaire were administered to the
respondents by the researcher.
Regression analysis technique and Pearson
Product Moment Correlation Coefficient were used
to test the hypothesized model. The confidence level
was specified at 95%. The decision rule on the
statistical significance of the results obtained was
based on the probability values of the t-statistic. The
decision rule is to accept the alternate hypothesis and
reject the null hypothesis if the P-value is less than
the level of significance (0.05), or to accept the null
hypothesis and reject the alternate hypothesis if the
P-value is greater than 0.05. The software used for
the analyses were Statistical Package for Social
Sciences (SPSS) v. 24.00.
Model Specification
The general regression equations in six different
equations for this study are as follows
Y = a1 + b1X1 …………… (1)
Y = a2 + b2X2 ….…………(2)
Y = a3 + b3X3 ………,,……(3)
Thus, Y represents IDP. On the other hand, ‘X’
represents CSR
The ‘a1 to a3’ and ‘b1 to b3’ represents the constants
and coefficients respectively of each equation from
equation 1 to 3.
Hence, for the purpose of this study, the model is
stated thus.
YIDP = a SR + b SR X + µ …………… (1)
YIDP = a ER + b ER X + µ …………… (2)
YIDP = a ER + b ER X + µ ……………(3)
In terms of functional relationships, the model is also
as follows
IDP = f (SR)……………… 1
IDP = f (ER)…………….…2
IDP = f (ER)……………….3
Where: SR: Social Responsibility, ER: Economic
Responsibility and the dependent variables:
Internally Displaced Children, Internally Displaced
elderly persons. From this functional relationship the
following linear regression models are also specified
IDP (Internally Displaced Children) = α0 + α1SR +
α2ER + α3ER + µ … 11
IDP (Internally Displaced elderly persons) = α0 +
α1SR + α2ER + α3ER + µ … 12
4 Results and Findings
Data Analysis
*Table 1 from Appendix appears here
See table 1 shows that 910(75.7%) indicated
agreement 269(22.3%) indicated disagreement while
32(3.5%) indicated undecided. This shows that
Social corporate responsibility has social impact on
internally displaced children in North East, Nigeria.
*Table 2 from Appendix appears here
See table 2 shows that 910(75.7%) indicated
agreement 269(22.3%) indicated disagreement while
32(3.5%) indicated undecided. This shows that
Economic responsibility has positive impact on
internally displaced elderly persons in North East,
Nigeria.
Test of Hypotheses
Hypotheses One
H01: Social responsibility does not have positive
impact on Internally Displaced Children in North
East, Nigeria.
*Table 3 from Appendix appears here
See table 3: The model summary indicated the
presence of a strong positive correlation (R=0.204)
between the independent variable and the dependent
variable. Further, the R-squared value of 0.042
indicated that the independent variable accounted for
4.2% of the total variance. Therefore, the researcher
observed that the independent variables and the
dependent variable were mutually exclusive. The
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analysis of variance yielded the results presented in
Table 4.
*Table 4 from Appendix appears here
See table 4: The study established that the F-ration
(F=4.003, p=0.046) was statistically significant at p<
0.05 level of significance. This showed that social
responsibility significantly influenced Internally
Displaced Children in North-East, Nigeria. The
model’s coefficient values from the regression are
presented in Table 5.
*Table 5 from Appendix appears here
See table 5 shows that “social Responsibility”
regressed on “Internally Displaced Children” Social
Responsibility has significant effects on the
Internally Displaced Children in North-East, Nigeria.
The null hypothesis is hereby rejected; p<0.05. The
analysis result further indicates that Social
responsibility, which yielded a Beta (β) of 0.138, t-
value of 2.001, was deemed to be statistically
significant since the obtained p-value (0.046) is less
than 0.05 level of significance. Thus, an appropriate
implementation of social responsibility positively
affects the Internally Displaced Children in Nigeria.
The study therefore accepts the alternative
hypothesis which states that, “Social responsibility
does have positive impact on Internally Displaced
Children in North East, Nigeria.”
Hypotheses Two
H02: Economic responsibility does not have positive
impact on internally displaced elderly persons in
North East, Nigeria
*Table 6 from Appendix appears here
See table 6: The model summary indicated the
presence of a negative correlation (R=0.134)
between the independent variable and the dependent
variable. Further, the R-squared value of 0.018
indicated that the independent variable accounted for
1.8% of the total variance. The analysis of variance
yielded the results presented in Table 7.
*Table 7 from Appendix appears here
See table 7: The study established that the F-ration
(F=1.700, p=0.193) was not significant at p<0.05
level of significance. This shows that economic
responsibility does have a significant effect on
internally displaced elderly persons in North East,
Nigeria. The model’s coefficient values from the
regression are presented in Table 8.
*Table 8 from Appendix appears here
Table 8 shows that “economic responsibility”
regressed on “internally displaced elderly persons in
North East, Nigeria”. Economic responsibility has a
significant effect on internally displaced elderly
persons in North East, Nigeria. The null hypothesis
is hereby rejected; p<0.05. The analysis result
further indicates that economic responsibility, which
yielded a Beta (β) of -0.047, t-value of -1.304, was
deemed to be statistically significant since the
obtained p-value (0.001) is lesser than 0.05 level of
significance. The study therefore accepts the
alternate hypothesis which states that, “Economic
responsibility does have positive impact on internally
displaced elderly persons in North East, Nigeria”
Discussion of Findings
The result from the analysis and test of hypothesis
shows some far reaching findings among which the
most important is that there is a significant and
positive effect between social responsibility,
environmental responsibility and economic
responsibility and its effects on internally displaced
persons in North East Nigeria.
Hypothesis one was tested using Regression
analysis and Pearson product moment coefficient
correlation to examine the impact of social
responsibility on the Internal Displaced children
(IDPs) with a computed result (r = 0.682; F=
332.632; t= 14.223; p < 0.05). The null hypothesis
was rejected and alternate hypothesis was accepted
resulting in the conclusion that social responsibility
has positive impact on Internally Displaced children
in North East, Nigeria. Many studies reviewed
follow with the general pattern as [15] regarding
satisfying stakeholders and emphasizing their
imposed demands. [20] devoted an entire research
article solely to a means of identifying organizational
stakeholders and to which ones corporations should
be most concerned. As [12] mentioned however,
stakeholder groups views are indeed important but
these groups will never be able to fully understand
the intricacies of a corporation‘s regarding their
capabilities, positioning, or trade-offs and sacrifices
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it must make. This idea of impact is exactly what
Porter and Kramer viewed as one of the most
important components of strategic CSR.
Hypothesis two was tested using Regression
analysis and Pearson product moment coefficient
correlation to determine the impact of economic
responsibility on internally displaced elderly persons
in North East, Nigeria. With a computed result of (r
=. 955, P < 05). The null hypothesis was rejected and
the alternate hypothesis was accepted resulting in the
conclusion that economic responsibility has positive
impact on internally displaced elderly persons in
North East, Nigeria. Society's expectations suggest
that organizations produce goods / services needed
and desired by consumers [17]. While the companies
founded in order to meet customer demands for
products and services. In addition to the wealth they
add value to the economy [17]. As well as, offering
work opportunities and pay to them employees
fairly. Therefore, companies are expected to put the
interests of shareholders and other partners in mind,
with the achievement of efficiency and profitability,
and the creation of economic value wherever they
operate [18].
5 Conclusion and Recommendations
Today, stakeholders are calling on organizations to
be more involved in ensuring beneficial activities to
the society by fulfilling their societal expectations as
they affect the various stakeholders of the
organizations, since an interaction between business
and the society is a mutual relationship in which one
depends on the other for its wellbeing. The way the
society sees business organizations in relation to her
involvement in some actions that benefit the general
society is therefore very important today. CSR
involvement can no longer be swept under the carpet
anymore. The society always favour firms that show
genuine care and concern for her wellbeing and
always finds a way to punish organizations that fails
to get involved in CSR activities.
That is, the IDPs are faced by “the politics of policy
application.” The government pays little or no
attention to this group of people and their plight.
Measures taken to address the deplorable conditions
in which they live are very, very inadequate, if any.
The social unrest, violence, and terrorism are caused
by corrupt turgid political practices and mindless
approach to politics. Since the IDPs are within the
country, the government should - by international
law and established principles.
That the responsibility of helping and assisting the
internally displaced rests on the national authorities is
a core concept reflected in guiding principles on
internal displacement, which set forth the rights of
IDPs and the duties of the CSR towards them, and
also is a central tenet guiding international and
regional approaches to internal displacement.
Based on the findings, the researcher recommended
thus: Arising from the foregoing, we recommend
that:
i. Organizations endeavor to understand the nexus
between their operations and the needs of various
internally displaced persons in the societies in
which they do business, select-mutually
beneficial issues to address and invest their
resources in initiatives that generate large and
distinctive benefits for the society in a way that
add to the organizations' bottom line.
ii. Governments at federal and state levels in
Nigeria endeavor to have a clear understanding
of CSR and promote, ensure and enforce
appropriate corporate governance and ethics,
health and safety, human rights policies by
organizations for the general good of the
internally displaced persons.
iii. Corporate social responsibility of the companies
should be more environmentally demanded
rather than Marjory from angle of ethical
consideration and philanthropic obligations.
iv. Organizations should also ensure that they
communicate to their major stakeholders of their
CSR involvement in order to make the society
know that they really care about the welfare of
the internally displaced persons.
v. In addition, organizations should get their major
stakeholders involved when they are planning
some CSR programmes for their specific locality,
as any CSR activity that does not impact
positively on the people that it was carried out
for, will not be appreciated.
vi. Organizations should ensure that they make
corporate social responsibility a major part of
their corporate strategy in order to gain
competitive advantage over their rivals by
gaining the confidence of their stakeholders who
can directly or indirectly influence their
continued corporate existence and survival.
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DOI: 10.37394/232015.2022.18.91
Yerima Hamman Wabi,
Cross Ogohi Daniel, Hadiza Saidu Abubakar
E-ISSN: 2224-3496
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Volume 18, 2022
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US
APPENDIX TABLES
Table 1.Social impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Internally Displaced children in North East, Nigeria
Options
Agree
Strongly
agree
Disagree
Strongl
y
Disagre
e
Undecid
ed
To
tal
Social corporate
responsibility has
social impact on
internally displaced
children in North
East, Nigeria.
360
100
100
30
10
60
0
Social
responsibility takes
care of the needs of
Internally displaced
children in North
East, Nigeria.
250
200
112
27
11
60
0
Total
910(75.7%)
269(22.3%)
21(3.5
%)
12
00
Source: Field Survey, 2021.
Table 2. Impact of economic responsibility on internally displaced elderly persons in North East, Nigeria
Options
Agree
Strongl
y agree
Disagree
Strongl
y
Disagre
e
Undecided
To
tal
Economic
responsibility has
positive impact on
internally displaced
elderly persons in
North East, Nigeria.
360
100
100
30
10
60
0
Through economic
responsibility
Internally displaced
elderly Persons in
the selected camps
are established.
250
200
112
27
11
60
0
Total
910(75.7%)
269(22.3%)
21(3.5%)
12
00
Source: Field Survey, 2021.
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on ENVIRONMENT and DEVELOPMENT
DOI: 10.37394/232015.2022.18.91
Yerima Hamman Wabi,
Cross Ogohi Daniel, Hadiza Saidu Abubakar
E-ISSN: 2224-3496
960
Volume 18, 2022
Table 3. Model Summary
Model Summary
Model
R
R
Square
Adjusted R Square
Std. Error
of the
Estimate
1
0.204
0.042
0.039
1.35118
a. Predictors: (Constant), social responsibility
Table 4. ANOVA
ANOVA
Model
Sum of
Squares
Df
Mean
Square
F
Sig.
1
Regression
7.308
1
7.308
4.003
.046b
Residual
691.936
379
1.826
Total
699.244
380
a. Dependent Variable: Internally Displaced Children
b. Predictors: (Constant), Social Responsibility
Table 5. Coefficientsa
Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t
Sig.
B
Std. Error
Beta
1
(Constan
t)
2.260
0.140
16.101
0.000
Social
responsi
bility
0.138
0.069
0.102
2.001
0.046
a. Dependent Variable: Internally Displaced Children
Table 6. Model Summary
Model Summary
Model
R
R Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
1
0.134
0.018
0.015
1.19774
a. Predictors: (Constant), Economic responsibility
Table 7. ANOVA
ANOVA
Model
Sum of
Squares
Df
Mean
Square
F
Sig.
1
Regression
2.439
1
2.439
1.700
.193b
Residual
543.703
379
1.435
Total
546.142
380
a. Dependent Variable: internally displaced elderly persons
b. Predictors: (Constant), economic responsibility
Table 8. Coefficientsa
Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t
Sig.
B
Std.
Error
Bet
1
(Constant)
3.027
0.107
28.420
0.000
Economic
-0.047
0.036
-0.067
-1.304
0.001
responsibility
a. Dependent Variable: internally displaced elderly persons
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on ENVIRONMENT and DEVELOPMENT
DOI: 10.37394/232015.2022.18.91
Yerima Hamman Wabi,
Cross Ogohi Daniel, Hadiza Saidu Abubakar
E-ISSN: 2224-3496
961
Volume 18, 2022
