Digitalization as a Trend of Modern Development of the World
Economy
NATALIIA BEZRUKOVA1, LARYSA HUK2, HANNA CHMIL3, LIUDMYLA VERBIVSKA4,
OLENA KOMCHATNYKH5, YEVHEN KOZLOVSKYI6
1Department of International Economic Relations and Tourism, National University "Yuri
Kondratyuk Poltava Politechnic, Poltava, UKRAINE,
2Department of Social and Economic Problems of Labor, SO “Institute for Economics and
Forecasting, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv, UKRAINE,
3Department of Marketing and Commercial Activities, Kharkiv State University of Food Technology
and Trade, Kharkiv, UKRAINE,
4Department of Business, Trade and Stock Exchange Operations, Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi
National University, Chernivtsi, UKRAINE,
5Department of Economics, National Transport University, Kyiv, UKRAINE,
6Department of Hotel-Restaurant and Tourism Business, Kyiv National University of Culture and
Arts, Kyiv, UKRAINE
Abstract: - Transformation of economies with the application of information and communication technologies
not only strengthens the competitiveness of countries in the international market, but also helps optimize and
improve business processes in the international business environment. The purpose of the academic paper is to
study the impact of digitalization on the development of the world economy on the example of the economies
of the European Union member states. The following methods have been used, namely: analysis, description,
generalization, induction, deduction, tabular representation, graphical representation, correlation analysis,
systematization and grouping. Results: The positions of the European Union member states that are actively
implementing the Digital Single Market strategy have been analyzed. It has been established that according to
The Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), Finland, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands and Malta have
been among the top 5 leaders with the highest level of digitalization of the economy in 2020. Based on the
study of The IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking, it has been found that the European Union member
states, which are among the top 10 leading countries, such as: Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands, have a
high level of ability and readiness to research and implement digital technologies in order to achieve economic
transformation and business transformation. The results of the correlation analysis have revealed the
interrelationship between the values of Digital single market – promoting e-commerce for individuals and
Enterprises that have provided training to develop / upgrade ICT skills of their personnel (%). It has been
proved that Sweden, Malta and Estonia show a very high positive correlation, which indicates that these
countries are actively implementing digital technologies in the development of economic processes.
Key-Words: - Digitalization, Information and Communication Technologies, Transformation, Digital Economy,
European Union
Received: May 22, 2021. Revised: November 16, 2021. Accepted: December 14, 2021. Published: January 9, 2022.
1 Introduction
The world economy is developing under the
influence of numerous factors, among which the
decisive place is occupied by information and
communication technologies. Digitalization of
economies significantly increases the level of their
competitiveness in the international market and
fundamentally changes business processes in the
international business environment. Digitalization
also provokes the emergence of new risks, among
which cybersecurity risks occupy a special place.
Practice shows that those countries that are
actively developing and implementing information
and communication technologies as well as
investing in this process all available and potential
resources are characterized by the economies
growing at an increased pace. With regard to the
micro level, digitalization also has a significant
impact on the performance of economic entities and,
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thus, encourages them to carry out new types of
business activities.
Nowadays, it is worth highlighting the member
states of the European Union among the countries
that have a positive experience of introducing
innovative and information and communication
technologies in the development of their own
economies. In addition, it should be noted that it is
the member states of the European Union that are
actively implementing the strategy of the Digital
Single Market. Herewith, the level of digitalization
of the economy of some of them is quite high,
which indicates that digitalization has a positive
effect on the growth of their economies. Therefore,
the relevance of the subject of the academic paper is
to determine the impact of digitalization on the
development of the world economy on the example
of the European Union member states.
2 Literature Review
Investigating the development of the modern
economy Mentsiev et al. consider it in the context of
the impact of digitalization [1]. Kravchenko et. al.
study digitalization as a key factor in the growth of
the global economy [2]. The scholars note that the
significant impact on the growth of digitalization of
the country’s economy is revealed in the availability
of quality Internet access, availability and openness
of information and high level of innovation and
scientific and technological potential. Jovanovic et
al. in their study investigate the impact of
digitalization on the sustainability of economic
development [3]. The scientists argue that support at
the appropriate level of modern business takes place
in the context of the transition from traditional
business models to digital innovation models,
forasmuch as only under such conditions the
competitiveness of business increases.
Lee et al. reveal the interrelationship between
digitalization and resources in the context of the
impact on increasing competitive advantage in
global markets, the auxiliary elements of which are
as follows: 1) marketing and its intermediary role in
the system of increasing competitive advantage; 2)
innovations; 3) educational potential [4]. At the
same time, digitalization, influencing international
business, contributes to its internationalization.
Bataev et al. (2020) investigate the digitalization of
the global economy based on the results of assessing
the level of efficiency of the implemented
cyberphysical systems [5]. The scholars have found
out that for the effective implementation of cyber-
physical systems, first, it is necessary to assess their
efficiency level through the use of the method of the
total cost of ownership of a cyber-physical system,
in the context of which the cost of the
implementation of a cyber-physical system and the
cost of its operation are estimated.
Lovergine et al. study the impact of digitalization
on the development of the labor market and
demonstrate the interrelationship of artificial
intelligence, robotics, innovative digital
technologies with employment [6]. Along with this,
they outline objectives and identify the skills that
potential representatives of the labor market should
possess in order to work under the conditions of a
digitalized economy. Raj-Reichert et al. also
investigate the impact of digitalization on labor and
the workforce, noting that digitalization helps create
new human resource management strategies and
transnational employment strategies [7].
By the way, Moşteanu et al. consider the
development of a “green” economy in the context of
the impact of digitalization on these processes [8].
At the same time, scientists state that digitalization
significantly changes the direction of economic
development, based on the production of
environmentally friendly products.
Neamţu et al. investigate the impact of
digitalization on the level of development of the
business sector in the system of knowledge
economy [9]. Along with this, Mikhailov et al.
assess the level of digitalization of the national
economy and the impact of knowledge on this
process, forasmuch as they are transformed into
factors of production, with a clear distinction
between intellectual activity and entrepreneurship
and labor one [10]. At another point, Bejinaru
explores the impact of digitalization on the
knowledge economy as well as on education. The
scholar identifies a number of benefits of
digitalization, including time savings, low human
error, transparency [11].
Dornberger et al. study the features of
digitalization and its impact on the functioning of
various business models and business processes in
the global economy [12]. In order to adapt to the
conditions caused by digitalization, scientists
identify a number of stages of digital transformation
of the economy, in particular: the stage of primary
information systems, the stage of emergence of
applications for e-business, the stage of Web 2.0
revolution and the stage of artificial intelligence.
Ilcus analyzes the impact of digitalization on
business processes [13]. The scholar focuses special
attention on digital transformation, forasmuch as
this aspect of digitalization is a key element of the
prospective development of the economy and allows
reorienting business processes in such a way as to
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achieve a positive effect from their implementation
in the future. Youssef et al. investigate the
interrelationship between the digitalization of the
economy and business intentions, provided that key
factors in the formation and development of
entrepreneurial intentions are the personal attitude
of entrepreneurs to doing business and the nature of
their behavior [14].
Shkarlet et al. consider the development of
economic entities in the context of digitalization of
the economy, forasmuch as it contributes to
significant savings of financial resources of
economic entities, increases the efficiency of their
activities, increases employee productivity,
strengthens communication with customers,
optimizes working hours, promotes new markets
sales [15]. Belyaeva et al. study the impact of
digitalization on the development of small and
medium enterprises in the context of Industry 4.0
influence [16]. Branca et al. investigate the impact
of digitalization on industry on the example of the
metallurgical complex under the conditions of
development of Industry 4.0 [17]. Androniceanu et
al. analyze the interrelationship between
digitalization and the workforce in the context of the
impact of Industry 4.0 [18]. The scholars argue that
digitalization has an impact on increasing labor
productivity as well as changing workforce skills.
Sidorenko et al. [19] note that the assessment of
digitalization in the context of the impact on
economic processes can be carried out through the
analysis of the following indicators, namely: а) Sub-
index of the social component of the project; b)
Sub-index of the economic efficiency of the project;
c) Sub-index of innovation; d) Sub-index of
company/project management culture assessment.
In the course of the research, scientists note that
currently medium and small businesses are poorly
aware of the functioning of new business models
that have been developed and are being developed
under the influence of digitalization. Kotarba
examines the indicators used to assess digitalization
and notes the close interrelationship between
digitalization and analytics and data management
processes, forasmuch as the digitalization process
should be based on the proper execution of digital
processes with appropriate data [20].
Kwilinski et al. study the digitalization features
of the economies of the European Union member
states in the context of the impact on overcoming
poverty and social inequality [21]. According to the
results of the investigations conducted, scientists
claim that a high level of digitalization has a
positive effect on reducing poverty and social
inequality.
At the same time, the issues of the impact of
digitalization on the development of the world
economy in terms of effectiveness and practical
aspects of such impact remain insufficiently
disclosed.
The purpose of the academic paper is to study
the impact of digitalization on the development of
the world economy on the example of the
economies of the European Union member states.
3 Materials and Methods of the
Research
In order to reveal the purpose outlined in the
academic paper, the following general scientific and
specific research methods have been used, namely:
1) the method of theoretical analysis, the method of
description and the method of generalization – in
order to present the theoretical and practical
fundamentals of digitalization as a key trend in the
development of the world economy; 2) method of
induction and method of deduction – in order to
identify the problem, its study and detailing; 3)
method of tabular and graphical representation – in
order to generalize the level of digitalization of
economies and the level of digital competitiveness
of the EU member states’ economies; 4)
systematization method and grouping method – in
order to determine the nature of the interrelationship
between important variables of the digitalization
process as a key trend in the world economy.
The investigation has been conducted on the
example of the European Union member states,
forasmuch as these countries are actively
implementing the strategy of the Digital Single
Market.
The study of the impact of digitalization on the
development of the world economy on the example
of the economies of the European Union member
states has been carried out on the basis of the
method of correlation analysis in order to establish
the interrelationship between important variables,
namely:
variable X, which reflects the Digital single
market – promoting e-commerce for individuals
(%),
and variable Y, which reflects the Enterprises
that have provided training to develop / upgrade ICT
skills of their personnel (%). The assessment of
interrelationship degree between the studied
indicators has been carried out using the
Chaddock’s scale.
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The following indicators have been selected as
the information base of the scientific research,
namely:
1) The Digital Economy and Society Index
(DESI) – a cumulative indicator that reflects the
level of economic development of the European
Union member states in the digital competitiveness
system (The European Commission, 2017, 2020)
[22; 23].
2) The IMD World Digital Competitiveness
Ranking, which measures the level of ability and
readiness of countries around the world (the review
presents an overview and analysis of 63 countries)
to investigate and implement digital technologies
towards achieving economic transformation and
business transformation (IMD World
Competitiveness Center, 2016, 2020.) [24; 25].
3) Digital single market - promoting e-commerce
for individuals, % (Eurostat, 2021) [26].
4) Enterprises that have provided training to
develop/upgrade ICT skills of their personnel, (%)
(Eurostat, 2021) [26].
4 Results
Analysis of the dynamics of The Digital Economy
and Society Index in the period 2016-2020 has
shown that Finland occupies a leading position,
forasmuch as the level of digitalization of its
economy is the highest (Table 1). Following
Finland, Sweden and Denmark have a high level of
digitalization of the economy. During the analyzed
period, the 4th place in the ranking is occupied by
the Netherlands. Malta demonstrates tendentious
annual growth in the level of digitalization of the
economy, which in 2020 has moved to the 5th place
from the 13th in 2016. The growth of digitalization
level of the economy in recent years has also been
demonstrated by Ireland and Romania. However,
Portugal’s position in the ranking is gradually
declining, and the level of digitalization of its
economy is growing at a slower pace to compare
with other EU member states. Bulgaria, Greece,
Romania, Italy and Cyprus have the lowest levels of
digitalization of the economy among the European
Union member states.
Table 1. Ranking of European Union member states according to The Digital Economy and Society Index
(DESI)
№
Countries
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Rank
Grade
Rank
Grade
Rank
Grade
Rank
Grade
Rank
Grade
1
Austria
10
54,0
10
57,0
13
48,5
14
51,1
13
54,3
2
Belgium
5
58,0
6
61,0
11
50,1
11
53,0
9
58,7
3
Bulgaria
27
35,0
27
37,0
27
33,5
28
33,8
28
36,4
4
Croatia
23
40,0
24
43,0
21
40,8
20
44,3
20
47,6
5
Cyprus
21
42,0
22
45,0
23
39,4
24
41,5
24
44,0
6
The Czech
Republic
17
46,0
18
50,0
19
44,7
18
47,3
17
50,8
7
Denmark
1
67,0
1
71,0
3
62,5
3
66,0
3
69,1
8
Estonia
9
55,0
9
58,0
5
55,7
5
58,3
7
61,1
9
Finland
2
66,0
2
68,0
2
62,8
1
68,1
1
72,3
10
France
16
48,0
16
51,0
17
45,7
16
49,8
15
52,2
11
Germany
11
54,0
11
56,0
14
47,9
13
51,2
12
56,1
12
Greece
26
35,0
26
38,0
28
32,3
27
35,1
27
37,3
13
Hungary
20
43,0
21
46,0
22
40,0
22
42,3
21
47,5
14
Ireland
8
55,0
8
59,0
8
53,1
6
58,0
6
61,8
15
Italy
25
38,0
25
42,0
25
36,2
23
41,6
25
43,6
16
Latvia
19
46,0
19
47,0
15
46,8
15
49,9
18
50,7
17
Lithuania
12
53,0
13
55,0
12
49,4
12
51,8
14
53,9
18
Luxembourg
7
57,0
5
61,0
9
52,4
9
54,5
10
57,9
19
Malta
13
53,0
12
55,0
7
53,3
8
55,3
5
62,7
20
The
Netherlands
4
64,0
4
67,0
4
60,8
4
63,6
4
67,7
21
Poland
24
40,0
23
43,0
24
37,7
25
40,7
23
45,0
22
Portugal
14
51,0
15
53,0
18
44,8
19
47,0
19
49,6
23
Romania
28
31,0
28
33,0
26
35,1
26
36,5
26
40,0
24
Slovakia
22
41,0
20
46,0
20
41,9
21
42,9
22
45,2
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25
Slovenia
18
46,0
17
51,0
16
45,9
17
48,7
16
51,2
26
Spain
15
51,0
14
54,0
10
50,2
10
53,6
11
57,5
27
Sweden
3
65,0
3
67,0
1
64,0
2
67,5
2
69,7
28
The United
Kingdom1
6
58,0
7
60,0
6
53,5
7
56,6
8
60,4
1 Considering that the United Kingdom is not a member of the European Union since February 1, 2020, however,
it has been included in Table 1 because the input data have been collected in advance and this country has been taken into
account in the calculation of the rating.
It should be noted that in addition to The Digital
Economy and Society Index, the European
Commission has also developed The International
Digital Economy and Society Index (I-DESI), which
is a cumulative indicator that reflects the level of
economic development of the European Union
member states and other 18 countries of the world in
the system of digital competitiveness. The results of
the analysis of The International Digital Economy
and Society Index show that in addition to the
above-mentioned member states of the European
Union, a high level of digitalization of the economy
is observed in the United States, Iceland, Norway,
Switzerland, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Japan
and Korea. However, the level of digitalization of
the economy in Turkey, Brazil and Mexico is
growing slowly [23].
The study of The IMD World Digital
Competitiveness Ranking proves that a high level of
ability and willingness to investigate and implement
digital technologies towards achieving economic
transformation and business transformation is
observed in the following member states of the
European Union, which, by the way, are also among
the top 10 leading countries (according to ranking of
The IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking),
namely: Denmark (which has risen from the 6th
place in 2016 to the 3rd place in 2020), Sweden
(which has risen from the 5th place in 2016 to the
4th place in 2020) and the Netherlands (which has
risen from the 8th place in 2016 to the 7th place in
2020) (see Fig. 1).
Fig. 1: Ranks of the European Union member states according to The IMD World Digital Competitiveness
Ranking
In order to study the impact of digitalization on
the development of the world economy on the
example of the economies of the EU member states,
a correlation analysis has been performed between
the variable X - Digital single market - promoting e-
commerce for individuals (%) and the variable Y –
Enterprises that have provided training to
develop/upgrade ICT skills of their personnel (%)
(see Table 2).
24 22 50 58 027 631 20 32 12 56 46 735 37 30 11 0 8 33 39 49 40 43 34 518
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2016 2020
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Table 2. Input data for correlation analysis
№
Countries
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
X1
Y1
X2
Y2
X3
Y3
X4
Y4
X5
Y5
1
Austria
58
37
62
31
60
27
62
18
66
18
2
Belgium
57
34
60
35
61
36
66
36
73
33
3
Bulgaria
17
8
18
9
21
9
22
10
31
7
4
Croatia
33
22
29
23
35
24
45
23
55
23
5
Cyprus
29
22
32
26
32
26
39
31
47
25
6
The Czech
Republic
47
22
56
23
59
25
64
25
72
25
7
Denmark
82
28
80
27
84
28
84
31
89
30
8
Estonia
56
13
58
13
61
13
68
17
68
17
9
Finland
67
34
71
38
70
36
73
37
76
38
10
France
66
20
67
19
67
19
70
21
70
15
11
Germany
74
29
75
28
77
30
79
32
83
24
12
Greece
31
15
32
12
36
14
39
15
46
12
13
Hungary
39
16
39
17
41
17
49
16
60
16
14
Ireland
59
30
53
30
59
30
67
31
74
27
15
Italy
29
12
32
13
36
17
38
19
38
15
16
Latvia
44
12
46
10
45
11
47
18
56
17
17
Lithuania
33
10
38
11
43
9
48
11
54
14
18
Luxembourg
78
29
80
28
72
27
72
27
79
21
19
Malta
49
23
53
26
55
26
58
26
63
28
20
The
Netherlands
74
22
79
24
80
26
81
26
87
24
21
Poland
42
12
45
12
48
13
54
13
61
18
22
Portugal
31
23
34
21
37
19
39
28
45
23
23
Romania
12
5
16
4
20
5
23
6
38
6
24
Slovakia
56
20
59
17
59
18
60
18
62
16
25
Slovenia
40
27
46
27
51
29
56
28
63
26
26
Spain
44
23
50
23
53
21
58
22
63
20
27
Sweden
76
25
81
28
78
24
82
32
84
32
Source: Eurostat, 2021.
According to the results of the calculation, the
corresponding values of the correlation coefficient
have been obtained and the interrelationship
between the dependent variables has been
determined (using the Chaddock’s scale to assess
the degree of interrelationship) (see Table 3).
Table 3. The results of correlation analysis
Countries
Correlation coefficient
Weak correlation
Luxembourg
Inverse
interrelationship
-0,1926
Slovenia
-0,1829
Croatia
Direct
interrelationship
0,0672
Portugal
0,2279
Moderate correlation
Germany
Inverse
interrelationship
-0,4900
Belgium
-0,3854
France
-0,3516
Greece
-0,3374
Cyprus
Direct
interrelationship
0,3401
The
0,4362
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Netherlands
Medium correlation (noticeable)
Ireland
Inverse
interrelationship
-0,6091
Hungary
-0,5652
Bulgaria
-0,5303
Latvia
Direct
interrelationship
0,6277
Denmark
0,6728
Romania
0,6960
Lithuania
0,6983
High correlation
Spain
Inverse
interrelationship
-0,8247
Austria
-0,7890
Finland
Direct
interrelationship
0,8356
Italy
0,8434
The Czech
Republic
0,8563
Poland
0,8932
Very high correlation
Slovakia
Inverse
interrelationship
-0,9174
Sweden
Direct
interrelationship
0,9099
Malta
0,9171
Estonia
0,9479
The analysis of Table 3 makes it possible to note
the presence of a direct very high interrelationship
between Digital single market – promoting e-
commerce for individuals (%) and Enterprises that
have provided training to develop / upgrade ICT
skills of their personnel (%) in Sweden, Malta and
Estonia. In Slovakia, on the other hand, the
interrelationship between the analyzed variables is
also very high, but inverse, forasmuch as the growth
of Digital single market – promoting e-commerce
for individuals (%) affects the reduction of
Enterprises that have provided training to develop /
upgrade ICT skills of their personnel (%). In
contrast to other EU member states, Luxembourg,
Slovenia, Croatia and Portugal show a weak
correlation between Digital single market –
promoting e-commerce for individuals (%) and
Enterprises that provided training to develop /
upgrade ICT skills of their personnel (%); moreover,
the interrelationship between these variables in
Luxembourg and Slovenia is inverse, and in Croatia
and Portugal – direct.
5 Discussion
In the course of the research conducted, it has been
established that there are currently numerous
approaches to studying the impact of digitalization
on the development of the world economy.
According to these approaches, it has been noted
that the digitalization of the world economy is
manifested through: 1) the growth of economies of
countries that are quite active participants in the
process of development and implementation of
innovative and information and communication
technologies [1; 28]; 2) high-quality Internet access,
availability and openness of data, high innovation
and scientific and technical potential [2; 29]; 3) the
transition from traditional to digital innovative
business models [3; 27]; 4) development of the
knowledge system, forasmuch as knowledge is
transformed into factors of production, while, at the
same time, there is a clear separation of intellectual
activity from entrepreneurial and labor one [9; 10;
11]; 5) intentions of entrepreneurship, forasmuch as
the personal attitude of entrepreneurs to doing
business and the nature of their behavior affects the
effectiveness of the development and
implementation of innovative new models of doing
business [14; 30]; 6) development of Industry 4.0
[16; 31].
It is worth agreeing with the conclusions of the
studies carried out by scientists, however, it is
advisable to note that one of the basic indicators for
assessing the level of digitalization of the economy
is The Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI),
which has been developed by the European
Commission. The Digital Economy and Society
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Liudmyla Verbivska, Olena Komchatnykh,
Yevhen Kozlovskyi
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Index (DESI) is a cumulative indicator that is
calculated as a weighted average of the following
indicators, namely: 1) Connectivity; 2) Human
Capital; 3) Use of Internet Services; 4) Integration
of Digital Technology. According to the results of
the calculation of the Digital Economy and Society
Index (DESI) (which reflects the level of economic
development of the European Union member states
in the system of digital competitiveness), such
member states of the European Union as: Finland,
Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands and Malta have
a high level of digitalization of the economy in
2020. At the same time, the lowest levels of
digitalization of the economy are observed in
Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Italy and Cyprus.
In a study of Sidorenko et al. it has been
proposed to conduct an assessment of the
digitalization of the economy through: 1) Sub-index
of the social component of the project; 2) Sub-index
of the economic efficiency of the project; 3) Sub-
index of innovation; 4) Sub-index of
company/project management culture assessment
[19].
Based on the above-mentioned, the investigation
of the impact of digitalization on the development of
the world economy has been conducted in the
academic paper on the example of the EU member
states, forasmuch as these countries are actively
implementing the strategy of the Digital Single
Market. Thus, according to the results of the
correlation analysis conducted between the variable
Digital single market - promoting e-commerce for
individuals (%) and the variable Enterprises that
have provided training to develop / upgrade ICT
skills of their personnel (%), it has been established
that Sweden, Malta and Estonia have a rather high
level of digitalization of the economy. This is
evidenced by the presence of a direct very high
relationship between Digital single market -
promoting e-commerce for individuals (%) and
Enterprises that have provided training to develop /
upgrade ICT skills of their personnel (%). The data
obtained as a result of the correlation analysis are to
some extent identical to the results of the Digital
Economy and Society Index (DESI).
6 Conclusion
It has been found that digitalization is a key factor in
the growth of the global economy, and in order to
study its impact on world economic growth, various
approaches have been developed, according to
which the level of digitalization of the countries’
economies is assessed. One of the basic indicators
for assessing the level of digitalization of the
economy is The Digital Economy and Society Index
(DESI) which summarizes indicators on Europe’s
digital performance and tracks the progress of EU
countries.
It is advisable to conduct correlation analysis for
determining the level of digitalization of the
economy in countries that are actively implementing
the strategy of the Single Digital Market by using
the indicators of the Digital single market -
promoting e-commerce for individuals (%) and
Enterprises that have provided training to develop /
upgrade ICT skills of their personnel (%). The
obtained results prove that Sweden, Malta and
Estonia are countries with a high level of
digitalization of the economy among the studied
countries, as evidenced by the presence of a direct
high correlation between the studied variables.
The practical significance of the obtained
research results lies in the fact that the proposed
approach to the application of correlation analysis
between variables Digital single market - promoting
e-commerce for individuals (%) and Enterprises that
have provided training to develop / upgrade ICT
skills of their personnel (%) is universal, forasmuch
as the study of the digitalization level of the
economy can be conducted on the example of any
country in the world.
The future directions of the research area involve
studying the level of digitalization of the world
economy, based on a comprehensive study of the
digitalization of the economy of each country.
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Liudmyla Verbivska, Olena Komchatnykh,
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DOI: 10.37394/232015.2022.18.13
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Liudmyla Verbivska, Olena Komchatnykh,
Yevhen Kozlovskyi
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