Vehicle To Vehicle Communication and Accident Prevention

M.V SUGANYADEVI, KARISHMA R. S, GAYATHIRI. M, KHAVYA K. J, JANANI. A

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Saranathan College of Engineering Trichy, INDIA

Abstract: V2V collisions are one of the most destructive events. Although there are many other causes of V2V

accidents, driver neglects and excessive speed are the main culprits. Additionally, it appears that a lack of

awareness makes it difficult to arrive at the scene of the collision in time. By reducing the frequency of accidents,

the development of Internet of Things(IoT) technology Can aid in the solution of this issue. In this study, a smart

system that warns users, control vehicle speed, and properly warns people in the event of accidents. This device

continuously monitors the distance between oncoming cars and any obstruction by using distance sensor. It will

alert the driver to restrict speed and will automatically slow down the when crucial distance is approaching. It is a

system that can send a warning to the police stations and be capable of identifying accidents. RSU will be used to

monitor and compare a vehicle’s speed. IOT-based vehicle safety Alert and Tracking System Research and

Implementation When an accident occurs under unclear conditions, a notice alert with V2V information is

delivered to the person responsible.

Keywords: V2V communication, wireless , IoT-module

Received: May 6, 2022. Revised: September 2, 2023. Accepted: October 2, 2023. Published: November 3, 2023.

1. Introduction

Our project aims to create a hardware tracking device

based on GSM/RSU technology that alerts at the time

of an accident with enough details, such as the

precise location and time of the accident. This project

will create a connection between the vehicle-mounted

unit and the control station. Cellular networks and

tracking devices with RSU/GSM capabilities will be

used to monitor vehicles in real time.. In the event of

an accident, the device will utilize the GSM network

to send a warning message to the control station

along with RSU module position information

database. The software inside the microcontroller

will manage all of the device’s operations by

analyzing the waveform from the vibration sensor.

The gadget will use the GSM network to send a

warning message and location data from the RSU

module to the control station in the case of an

accident. It is a comprehensive and useful cure for

the insufficient emergency reaction. The accident

reporting system is capable of automatically locating

a traffic accident, locating the scene, and then

relaying the essential information to the rescue

organisation, such as the position, the time, and the

specifics of the accident. In order to query the

database in real time for accident data from

prototypes, a control function at the server end will

collect essential data and save it. Our solution

combines cutting-edge hardware design and

sophisticated control technologies in a compact,

dependable container. Design and Development of

Automatic vehicle accident detection.” The concept

is tracking of vehicles using Google Earth application

develop in android application for mobile V2V

communication system using Bluetooth technology.

Accident Prevention and Reporting V2V

communication system Using GSM (SIM 900D) and

GPS (NMEA 0183) [1]. It enables intelligent

detection of an accident at any place and reports

about the accident on predefined numbers. Vehicle

Speed Control V2V communication System Using

GSM/GPRS [2]. GPS-technologies having greater

range of frequencies, the user can get the information

as quicker as possible. speed control at specific

traffic roads[3]. Vehicle Pre-Deployment Using GIS

Identification of High-Accident Density Locations

[4-6]. The general characteristics of the car fatal

accidents and makes an attempt to establish the most

common types of fatal accidents and the causal

factors [7,8]. Development of Risk Models for the

Road Assessment Programme . This paper outlines

the principles underpinning the development of both

risk models from the viewpoint of the TRL

researcher who directed the development process.

2. Existing System

Our system is totally autonomous. The V2v's

onboard satellite navigation is not utilised. It has a

separate antenna and RSU module[12]. The gadget is

designed to be plug-and-play, low power-consuming,

and compatible with a wide range of automobiles

regardless of make or model while also being

relatively cost-effective so that it may be widely

used. One of the trigger events is physical damage to

the V2v. A vehicle will likely operate as a trigger if it

has destroyed important V2V regions. Just a push

button needs to be pressed. It is positioned between

the V2V's chassis and frame with some protection. A

accident is unquestionably acceptable if the force of

the impact is great enough to bend the panels and

body up to the chassis. Additionally, this will prevent

triggering in the case of minor, non-life-threatening

crashes, which occur more frequently. Since it simply

requires a push button trigger, it may be installed in a

variety of locations throughout the car to protect

against side hits, roof collapses, and angular impacts,

as illustrated in and which also illustrates potential

DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE

DOI: 10.37394/232022.2023.3.18

M. V Suganyadevi, Karishma R. S,

Gayathiri. M, Khavya K. J, Janani. A

E-ISSN: 2732-9984

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impact switch placements inside the V2V frame

(green). Two Maxim DS18B20 Digital Temperature

sensors are included in the device. When the cabin

temperature reaches 80°C or more and the engine

temperature reaches 120°C, a trigger is set off. We

can modify the programming because we are aware

that this varies depending on the vehicle and the

region.

3. Proposed System

This research suggests a new approach that,

whenever possible, helps prevent automobile

collisions. As a result, when an accident occurs, the

system notifies a responsible party. It keeps an eye on

the car to gather data on the separation between two

cars. The distance is measured using ultrasonic

sensors. Every second, this measurement is updated.

Additionally, the driver sees it via an interface.

Depending on a number of conditions, including safe,

slow down, brake, etc., the system sends the driver a

warning. The alarm in the V2V will sound if two

vehicles get too close to one another. To signal

warning, a yellow led alert will be presented. When a

dangerous situation arises between two vehicles, a

red led alert will be displayed along with a buzzer

sound.

Fig1.Tx/Rx block diagram for V2V communication

The UI of the system will continuously display the

separation between two vehicles. Alarms are used to

warn the driver, and calculating the distance can help

determine the likelihood of a collision. The

technology will brake the V2V or change its gear to

slow down using a servo motor when the gap

between two cars gets crucial and the driver doesn't

react. An IoT-based smart system is the approach we

suggest using. While driving or entering an accident,

this technology doesn't require any user interaction. It

gives the driver a real-time vehicle alarm and

automatically regulates the V2V's speed. Both

accident detection and reporting are done by it. This

could be used to avert any kind of auto accident.

4. Hardware Specifications

The following components are used to design the

V2V communication System for Accident

prevention.

4.1 Arduino

The gap between two vehicles will be continuously

displayed on the system's user interface (UI). Alarms

are meant to alert the driver, and measuring the

distance can assist in figuring out how likely a

collision is. When the distance between two

automobiles narrows to a critical point and the driver

doesn't react, the technology will brake the V2V or

change its gear to slow down using a servo motor.

The method we propose is an IOT-based smart

system. This system doesn't require any human

interaction while driving or during an accident. It

provides a real-time vehicle alarm to the driver and

automatically controls the V2V's speed. It does both

accident detection and reporting. Any type of auto

accident could be avoided using this. Instead, the

Atmega16U2 (or Atmega8U2 up to version R2)-

based USB-to-serial converter is emphasised. A

resistor that pulls the 8U2 HWB line to ground to

make entering DFU mode simpler.

The following improvements are now included with

the board (A000066):

• A more reliable RESET circuit.

• The 8U2 is replaced by an Atmega 16U2.

Fig2.Pin configuration of Arduino Uno SMD R3

The following numbered parts are:

1:USB connector, 2:power connector, 3:Automatic

DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE

DOI: 10.37394/232022.2023.3.18

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Gayathiri. M, Khavya K. J, Janani. A

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power switch, 4:Digital pins, 5:Analog pins, 6:power

pins, 7:Reset switch

4.2 I2C Module

I2C SDA(4) and SCL(5). Use the Wire library.If you

require i2c (TWI) communication capability, use

sda4 and scl5. The board also features an AREF pin,

which is frequently used to describe the screen that

blocks the reset button on the board. This particular

pin serves as both an analogue reference for analogue

input and a voltage reference refresh.

Fig3.Architecture of I2C Module

4.3 LCD

LCDs and other digital displays are widely employed

in a variety of industries. A 16x2 LCD is used in our

article. This is a very fundamental module that is

utilized in many circuits. Only two lines and a

maximum of sixteen characters per unit can be

displayed on a 16x2 LCD. incredibly easy to use and

programme. The LCD pin-out is provided. Under

Fig4.Pin diagram of LCD

4.4 Power Supply

After being filtered by a straight forward capacitor

sludge to produce a dc voltage, a diode therapy

creates a full- surge remedied voltage by employing

a motor to drop the interspersing current voltage,

generally 220v rms. Anyhow of variations in the

input dc voltage or the cargo coupled to the affair dc

voltage, there's generally some ripple or ac voltage

shift in the performing dc voltage. A controller

circuit eliminates one of the well- known voltage

controller ic chips that generally offers this voltage

regulation by reducing ripples and maintaining the

same dc value.

Fig5.Block diagram

5. WORKING PRINCIPLE

5.1 Transformer

The implicit motor reduces the voltage position of

the power source from 0 to 230 volts to 0 to 6 volts.

The perfection therapy, which is produced with the

help of an op- amp, will next be connected to the

implicit motor's secondary. Precision cures have the

advantage of producing peak voltage as direct

current( DC), whereas the rest of the circuits only

produce RMS voltage.

5.1.1 Bridge Rectifier

This circuit is called ground protection when the four

diodes are connected as shown. The angled edge of

the network serves as the input of the circuit, and the

other two edges serve as the business of the network.

Assume the engine is in good operating condition and

points a and b have positive and negative

characteristics respectively. A positive result at point

A causes D3 to move forward and D4 to move

backward. if point B develops negatively, D1 and D2

move in opposite directions. D3 and D1 are presently

forward biased, allowing current to flux through them

D4 and D2 are reversed biased ,preventing current

flux. The secondary of the motor serves as the

conduct for current flux, which travels from point B

through D1, over through RL ,through D3 and back

to point B. The solid arrows point in this direction.

across D1 and D3 waveforms 1 and 2 can be seen. A

partial cycle subsequently, the opposition across the

motor’s secondary reverses, driving D2 and D4 in

DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE

DOI: 10.37394/232022.2023.3.18

M. V Suganyadevi, Karishma R. S,

Gayathiri. M, Khavya K. J, Janani. A

E-ISSN: 2732-9984

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Volume 3, 2023

one direction while driving D1 and D3 in the

contrary direction. The direction of current flux will

now be through point A D4,RL, D2 ,the secondary

of T1 and back to point A. A broken arrow indicates

the direction of this path. Oscillograms (3) and (4)

can be seen at D2 and D4. The direction of current

flow through RL is constant. when this current passes

through RL, it produces a voltage corresponding to

the wave described (5). This earth protector s a

complete protector because current flows through the

load (RL) for half a cycle of the applied voltage.The

fact that the ground protector produces an operating

voltage that is almost twice as high as a conventional

full swell circuit using this motor is one advantage

over the former. This can be demonstrated by

assigning values to the set of corridors in views A

and B. Let’s assume that both diagrams have the

same engine .The peak voltage that occurs between

points X and Y in both circuits is 1000 volts. In a

typical full expansion circuit shown in figure A, the

peak voltage from the central stopcock to either X or

Y is 500 volts. The topmost voltage that can be

remedied at any time is 500 volts because only one

diode can conduct at a time. Due to the minimal

voltage drop over the diode the maximum voltage

that can be seen across the weight resistor is nearly

500 volts, but it no way goes above that position. The

full secondary voltage or 1000 volts is the topmost

value that can be remedied in the ground remedy

depicted in view B. As a result, there is nearly 1000

volts of peak affair voltage across the weight resistor

.The ground remedy circuit generates a advanced

affair voltage than the traditional full- swell remedy

circuit when the same motor is used in both circuits.

5.1.2 IC Voltage Regulator

Generally used IC classes include voltage controllers.

The reference source, comparator amplifier, control

and load protection circuitry are combined into one

IC in the controller IC block. Fixed positive voltage,

fixed negative voltage or malleable preset voltage

can be acclimated by IC device. Controllers can

operate with currents from hundreds of milliamps to

knock-outs of amps, corresponding to power

conditions from (milliwatts)MW to knockouts of

watts. An unsupervised DC input voltage Vi is

applied to one input outstation of a fixed 3- pole

voltage controller regulates DC affair voltage Vo is

handed by the alternate terminal and ground is

connected to the third outstation. Voltages from 5 to

24 volts are tightly regulated by the 78 series

controllers, and the 79 series controllers work in a

analogous way to give negative regulation voltages

in the 5 to 24 volt range.

• For IC, Microcontroller, TV 5 Volt

• For alarm circuit, functional amplifier, 12 volt

relay circuit

Fig6.Circuit diagram of IC voltage regulator

5.2 Nodemcu

A low- cost system- on- chip(SoC) called the

ESP8266 serves as the backbone of the open- source

NodeMCU( knot microcontroller). Express if

Systems developed and released the ESP8266. The

ESP8266 contains all the major factors of a

computer, including the processor, RAM, network(

Wi- Fi), and the rearmost operating system and

SDK. This makes it a fantastic option for all types of

Internet of effects(IoT) systems. still, the ESP8266

is delicate to pierce and use as a chip. For the

simplest of tasks, like turning on power or

transferring keystrokes to the chip's" computer", you

will need to solder a line with the analog voltage

demanded for the conclusion. also, you need to

programme it in low- position machine instructions

that the chip tackle can understand. Using the

ESP8266 as an bedded regulator chip in mass-

produced bias isn't problematic at this degree of

integration. For amateurs, hackers, or scholars who

want to test it out in their own IoT systems, it's a

significantburden.What about Arduino, however?

For their adaptable IoT regulator, the Arduino

design developed an open- source software

development tackle( SDK) and tackle armature. The

Arduino tackle is a microcontroller board with

standard data anchorages, LED lights, and a USB

connector, analogous to NodeMCU. Standard

interfaces for interacting with detectors or other

boards are also defined. Unlike a NodeMCU, an

DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE

DOI: 10.37394/232022.2023.3.18

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Volume 3, 2023

Arduino board can contain multiple memory chips, a

CPU chip( generally an ARM or Intel x86

processor), and a programming terrain. An Arduino

reference design is also available for the ESP8266

chip. still, the rigidity of Arduino also results in

significant differences between manufacturers. For

illustration, utmost Arduino boards don't have Wi- Fi

capability, and some have periodical data heads

rather than USB anchorages.

Fig7. Pin Description of NodeMCU

5.3 Ultrasonic Sensor

An ultrasonic detector is a contrivance that measures

an thing’s spacing using ultrasonic swells. Ultrasonic

detectors determine the propinquity of an object by

transferring and entering ultrasonic beats from a

transducer. The hem reflects high- frequency sound

swells, creating a characteristic echo pattern. For

ultrasonic detectors to work, sound swells must be

above the range of mortal hail. Transducers act as

microphones to admit and transmit ultrasound swells.

Like numerous other products, our ultrasonic

transducers use the same transducer for palpitation

transmission and echo event. The detector can

calculate the distance to a target by tracking the

ceased time between delivery and event of ultrasonic

beats. The principle of operation of this module is

simple. It emits ultrasonic beats at a frequency of 40

kHz, which propagate through the air and reflect to

the detector if there are obstacles or objects. You can

calculate distance by calculating trip time and speed

of sound. Transparent object identification is an

excellent operation for ultrasonic detectors. For

illustration, operations using infrared detectors

struggle with this particular use case in liquid

position dimension due to the translucency of the

target. Except for veritably soft accoutrements that

absorb sound, similar as hair, ultrasonic detectors can

descry objects anyhow of their color, face, or

composition. Ultrasonic detectors are a feasible

option for detecting translucent objects and other

objects for which optic styles may not work.

Fig8.Pin diagram of Ultrasonic sensor

6. Software Description

An embedded system is a piece of software that has

at least one programmable computer inside of it,

generally in the form of a digital signal processor

chip, microcontroller, or microprocessor. Users of an

embedded system are typically not aware that the

system is computer-based. Embedded programming

is different from other computer programming.

Compared to personal computers, embedded systems

differ primarily in the following ways: Embedded

systems have limited resources (low CPU

performance, limited ROM, RAM and stack space).

PC components are different from those used in

embedded systems. Embedded systems frequently

employ smaller, less power-hungry components.

Embedded systems rely more on hardware. The size

and speed of the code are two significant aspects of

embedded programming. The quantity of accessible

programme memory and the programming syntax

employed dictate code size, whereas processing

speed and time constraints determine code speed. The

purpose of embedded system programming is to

achieve maximal functionality in the least amount of

time and space. To construct embedded systems,

various programming languages are employed.

• machine code

• assembler Low-level language

• High-level programming languages such as C, C,

Java,and others.

•Application-level languages including Visual Basic,

Scripting, and Access.

7. Hardware Connection

The making of hardware prototype model is

described in the following:

Firstly the program for distance measurement is

coded using Arduino IDE software and successfully

complied. This program is feeded in the Arduino

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Board. For the final output LCD display is used. The

distance measured is displayed in centimetres(CM).

The connection is shown in the below figure.

Fig9.Hardware connection of the vehicle Model

nodeMCU and sensors are connected. NodeMCU is

also known as wifi module which is used for the

purpose of communication. The ultrasonic sensor is

connected to the board for the purpose distance

Measurement. These connections are made with the

help of jumper cables.

8. Conclusion

These kinds of technology and devices could

ultimately change how safe roads are. Because life is

so valuable, we should take all reasonable steps to

make roads safer. By 2020, the WHO already

anticipates 1.9 million casualties. As the nation

undergoes reform by constructing more bridges,

roads, and improved transportation networks, and as

new areas begin to emerge and grow, Bangladesh is

particularly at risk. We can gradually lessen the

impact of the constantly worrying problem of road

accidents with help from both car owners and the

government supporting in the deployment of such

devices in vehicles. Additionally, it will support the

nation's emergency services by building an

infrastructure solution employing Emergency Crash

Reporting Software, assisting in better data

collection, and saving lives.

Fig.10 Final output of the Communication System

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Contribution of Individual Authors to the

Creation of a Scientific Article (Ghostwriting

Policy)

The authors equally contributed in the present

research, at all stages from the formulation of the

problem to the final findings and solution.

Sources of Funding for Research Presented in a

Scientific Article or Scientific Article Itself

No funding was received for conducting this study.

Conflict of Interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare

that are relevant to the content of this article.

Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

(Attribution 4.0 International, CC BY 4.0)

This article is published under the terms of the

Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

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