Quick Response Codes’ Benefits for MSMEs:

A Visualised Bibliometric Approach

FAIZ AMRULLAH IBNU PURWANTO, BUDI RUSTANDI KARTAWINATA,

MAHIR PRADANA, ALDI AKBAR

Department of Business Administration,

Telkom University,

Jalan Terusan Buah Batu, Bandung 40257,

INDONESIA

Abstract: - This study intends to discover the analysis of quality websites to consumer trust and loyalty since

online transaction activities are quickly increasing. The number of online clients in Indonesia grows year after

year, as does the number of online shops selling different internet-based media. Opportunities for online stores

are expanding, but competition is also rising. For customers to be trusted and loyal, online business owners

must understand and meet their customers' desires. The study employed quantitative research methodologies,

and the sample size was 100 respondents, who were analyzed using path analysis and the third edition of the

SmartPLS program. Data acquired will be picked first, and unnecessary data will be removed, before being

filtered and processed through data gathering; this stage is required. The analysis findings are extremely

maximum in deciding the final result, and the study results indicated that all factors have a positive and

substantial influence on the result, which is very nice and acceptable.

Key-Words: - QRIS; Bibliometric analysis; quick response code; digital finance

Received: May 25, 2022. Revised: August 24, 2023. Accepted: September 27, 2023. Available online: October 30, 2023.

1 Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant

impact on enterprises worldwide, particularly Micro,

Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). MSMEs

confront substantial hurdles in continuing operations

during and after the epidemic in Indonesia, where

they play a vital role in the economy, [1]. So far, we

know that the issues include restricted financial

resources, decreased client demand, and disrupted

supply chains, which have presented a substantial

danger to their long-term survival, [2].

To answer this challenge, the Indonesian

government introduced the Quick Response Code

Indonesian Standard (QRIS) as a digital payment

solution. The Indonesian government launched the

digital payment system QRIS (Quick Response

Code Indonesian Standard), [3]. Using QR (Quick

Response) codes that are integrated with several

payment platforms, such as e-wallets, mobile

banking, or banking applications, QRIS enables

customers to make non-cash payments, [4]. The fact

that QRIS can accept payments through numerous

platforms, including e-wallets like GoPay, OVO,

and DANA as well as banking services like BCA,

Mandiri, and others, is an illustration of its features

and functionality. This makes it easier for

consumers who use different payment platforms,

[5].

Since its launch, MSMEs in Indonesia across a

range of industries have adopted QRIS more

frequently. QRIS has become a recognized payment

mechanism across several industry sectors,

including retail, food and beverage, services, and

others, [6]. The Indonesian government has

educated and trained MSMEs on the usage of QRIS

in conjunction with several industry partners. The

adoption of QRIS has been boosted by the benefits

and assistance it provides to MSMEs, [7]. MSMEs

can increase the speed and security of payment

transactions by utilizing QRIS. Additionally, QRIS

assists MSMEs in growing their market share,

boosting sales, and lowering operating expenses,

[8]. MSMEs can profit greatly from QRIS (Quick

Response Code Indonesian Standard) by using it to

continue operating their businesses after an

epidemic, [9]. One advantage of QRIS for MSMEs

is that it enables them to accept a range of digital

payments, such as e-wallets and banking services,

[10]. MSMEs can boost the accessibility and

simplicity of transactions, hence growing the

potential customer base, by offering several

payment options to clients, [11]. With the

aforementioned advantages, QRIS offers MSMEs a

crucial answer for sustaining their business after the

pandemic, [12]. MSMEs can boost productivity,

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on COMPUTER RESEARCH

DOI: 10.37394/232018.2024.12.8

Faiz Amrullah Ibnu Purwanto,

Budi Rustandi Kartawinata,

Mahir Pradana, Aldi Akbar

E-ISSN: 2415-1521

Volume 12, 2024

strengthen transaction security, and reach more

customers by implementing QRIS, enabling them to

thrive in a new era marked by shifting consumer and

payment trends, [13].

2 Literature Review

MSMEs are small to medium-sized businesses with

fewer employees and lower capitalization, [14].

MSMEs are essential to a nation's economy because

they create a large number of jobs, spur regional

economic development, and advance social

development, [15].

MSMEs can include a wide range of companies,

including small retail stores, restaurants, food carts,

repair shops, repair services, handicraft production,

and so on. MSMEs vary by country and industry

sector, [16]. MSMEs can also include businesses in

agriculture, fishing, and tourism. MSMEs usually

face a range of challenges, such as limited access to

capital, human resources, market access, and

technology, [17]. MSMEs, on the other hand, offer

advantages such as market flexibility, particular

knowledge of certain goods or services, and

contributions to local community economic

empowerment, [18].

Code of Rapid Response the Indonesian

Standard, abbreviated as QRIS, is a combination of

multiple forms of QR from various payment system

service providers (PJSP) and a QR Code, [19].

Every establishment or place of business that uses

QRIS will have a QR code that customers may scan

with a digital payment application, [20]. Payments

will be handled automatically and monies sent from

the consumer's account to the merchant's account by

scanning this QR code, [21].

QRIS offers several advantages and benefits to

both consumers and merchants, [22]. QRIS enables

users to make payments without having to carry

cash or a physical card. Consumers may conduct

transactions fast and conveniently by using a digital

payment application linked to QRIS, [23]. QRIS

increases the effectiveness of the payment process

for merchants, reduces the danger of cash theft or

loss, and makes financial reporting and

reconciliation easier, [24]. Additionally, QRIS

makes it possible for merchants to accept multiple

types of digital payments using a single QR code,

improving customer payment accessibility, [25].

The technological acceptance model (TAM) and

theory of planned behavior (TPB) are combined in

this study to more thoroughly examine the variables

influencing MSMEs' intention to utilize QRIS, [26].

A theoretical framework known as the Technology

Acceptance Model (TAM) describes and forecasts

people's acceptance and adoption of new

technology, [27]. It was created by Fred Davis in the

1980s, and since then, a variety of industries,

including information systems and consumer

behavior research, have extensively employed it.

The TAM contends that the main factor influencing

people's intentions to accept and use technology is

its perceived usefulness and simplicity of use, [28].

Although Icek Ajzen created the Theory of

Planned Behavior (TPB) as a psychological concept

in the late 1980s, [29]. It offers a framework for

comprehending and forecasting human behavior,

especially about the process of making decisions

and forming intentions, [30].

The term "bibliometric technique" refers to the

use of quantitative tools with bibliographic data,

[31]. Various quantitative methodologies and

approaches are referred to as "bibliometrics

techniques" when analyzing and measuring

scientific publications and research activities. These

methods entail the systematic examination of

bibliographic information, including citation counts,

publication totals, and authorship patterns, to learn

more about the traits, implications, and trends in a

certain field of study. Massive amounts of

bibliographic data can now be managed by

researchers without bias. These bibliometrics

techniques are widely used in academic research,

institutional evaluations, funding allocation, and

assessing the impact of scientific output. They

provide quantitative insights into research

performance, collaboration patterns, knowledge

diffusion, and the overall landscape of scholarly

communication.

3 Methodology

This study examines the QRIS for MSMEs

published between 2017 and 2023. Data shows that

QRIS research for MSMEs fluctuated but reached

its highest number in 2022. However, in 2023 the

number of publications on the honeycomb model

decreased. But do not rule out that research in 2023

will increase because, by the time this journal was

completed, the research data that had been published

had reached 32 studies (Table 1).

Table 1. Number Of Paper (2017-2023)

2017

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on COMPUTER RESEARCH

DOI: 10.37394/232018.2024.12.8

Faiz Amrullah Ibnu Purwanto,

Budi Rustandi Kartawinata,

Mahir Pradana, Aldi Akbar

E-ISSN: 2415-1521

Volume 12, 2024

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Total

104

The analysis aims to identify articles that have

the most significant impact in the area of QRIS for

MSMEs. Table 2 displays the top 3 authors by paper

title.

Table 2. Top Authors

Author

Numbers

of Paper

Paper Title

IWA

Setiawan,

Mahyuni

Qris in the Eyes of Umkm:

Exploration of Umkm's

Perception and Intention Using

Qris

How does QRIS attract

MSMEs? a model to

understand MSME's intention

to use QRIS

S. Aisyah

Implementation of Financial

Technology in Qris as a Digital

Payment System in the MSME

Sector in Binjai City

Assistance in using QRIS for

MSMEs to increase MSMEs in

the city of Medan

Pracoyo

QRIS socialization to increase

MSMEs

Socialization of QRIS to

Increase the Productivity of

MSMEs in DKI Jakarta

Province

Table 2 shows that there was one specific

author who published the most articles (4

publications) in the 2019-2023 period, while the rest

published 2-3 articles. Most of the citations are

dominated by papers released in 2020, as seen in

Table 3 of the top rankings of reference article titles

since publication to the preparation of this paper.

Table 3. Top Citations

Citation

First

Author

Titles

Year

Journal

IWA

Setiawan,

Mahyuni

QRIS in the

eyes of

MSMEs: an

exploration of

MSME

perceptions

and intentions

to use QRIS

2020

E-Journal Ekon. and

Business Univ.

Udayana

Nasution

Analysis of

Traders'

Perceptions

on the Use of

Qris as a Tool

for MSME

Transactions

in Medan

City

2020

Physical review

letters

Pangestu

Behavior

Intention

Based on

Model

Unified

Theory of

Acceptance

and Use of

Technology

(UTAUT)

(Studies on

SMEs in the

Food &

Beverage

Industry

Sector in

Jambi)

2022

ejournal.unama.ac.id

The most quoted rankings are shown in the

table above. Article 2020 by IWA Setiawan, LP

Mahyuni is currently (in 2023) in the top position

with 73 citations published by the E-Journal of

Economics and Business at Udayana University.

This article is also the most recent publication

among the articles on the list.

4 Result and Discussion

This graphical visual mapping of published studies

with the QRIS theme will further investigate the

findings of the meta-analysis. this is based on the

findings of the keyword mapping study which will

be detected in several articles that are mapped.

Fig. 1. Network analysis

Bibliometric-related techniques to represent

scientific fields are called science mapping. This

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on COMPUTER RESEARCH

DOI: 10.37394/232018.2024.12.8

Faiz Amrullah Ibnu Purwanto,

Budi Rustandi Kartawinata,

Mahir Pradana, Aldi Akbar

E-ISSN: 2415-1521

Volume 12, 2024

representation is made by creating a landscape map

that can incorporate scientific principles. The results

of network visualization on keywords are shown in

Figure 1 above. The linkages between themes in

terms of article names and keywords are not the

complete substance of the article, as shown in

Figure 1.

Figure 1 shows several terms that have

frequently appeared about QRIS over the last 3 to 4

years which are displayed along with their

relationship to other keywords in the two clusters,

namely:

 Cluster 1 (6 Items, red color): benefit

perception of qris, ease of use perception of

qris, external effect, intention of using qris,

obstacle perception, understanding about

qris.

 Cluster 2 (6 Items, Green Color): behavior

intention, msme, payment system,

perception, qris, utaut

From the list of items in each cluster, the core

theme of Cluster 1 which is represented in red

includes practical aspects such as obstacles, external

effects, and benefits. The green cluster, Cluster 2,

investigates the theoretical realm with terms such as

UTAUT and Behavior intention. The figure serves

as a visual representation of the multidimensional

nature of QRIS, illustrating its significance in the

various fields and fields of research it has inspired.

In addition to network analysis, we also provide

overlay analysis. The overlay visualization will

show traces of research history. Figure 2 shows that

most research on QRIS has been carried out before

2022.

Fig. 2. Overlay analysis

Finally, we present a density visualization. The

density analysis referred to here is that it is possible

to identify research areas that are still relatively

unexplored. In this visualization, the color spectrum

ranges from yellow to blue. A more intense yellow

color indicates a higher density and emphasis on the

topic being discussed. On the other hand, when the

color gets bluer, it indicates a lower density and less

focus on the topic.

Fig. 3. Item density

5 Conclusion

QRIS is a digital payment solution for MSMEs in

Indonesia to maintain and rebuild their businesses

after the pandemic. By examining the benefits of

QRIS in terms of customer convenience, financial

management, and market expansion, this analysis

underscores its potential to support MSMEs in

adapting to the new normal and driving economic

recovery. Through bibliometric data analysis, the

grouping of keywords in the image shows the nature

of research topics related to QRIS, including

practical and theoretical aspects. Overlay analysis

and density visualization further reveal the history

of research and the emphasis placed on different

research areas. Overall, policymakers, stakeholders,

and MSMEs can take advantage of these findings to

further promote the adoption and utilization of

QRIS, ensuring the long-term sustainability and

growth of MSMEs in Indonesia, [32].

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Faiz Amrullah Ibnu Purwanto,

Budi Rustandi Kartawinata,

Mahir Pradana, Aldi Akbar

E-ISSN: 2415-1521

Volume 12, 2024

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Faiz Amrullah Ibnu Purwanto,

Budi Rustandi Kartawinata,

Mahir Pradana, Aldi Akbar

E-ISSN: 2415-1521

Volume 12, 2024

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Contribution of Individual Authors to the

Creation of a Scientific Article (Ghostwriting

Policy)

- Faiz Amrullah Ibnu Purwanto and Budi Rustandi

Kartawinata carried out the field survey, data

analysis, and optimization.

- Mahir Pradana was responsible for the

conceptualization and review.

- Aldi Akbar was responsible for the field survey.

Sources of Funding for Research Presented in a

Scientific Article or Scientific Article Itself

No funding was received for conducting this study.

Conflict of Interest

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

(Attribution 4.0 International, CC BY 4.0)

This article is published under the terms of the

Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

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WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on COMPUTER RESEARCH

DOI: 10.37394/232018.2024.12.8

Faiz Amrullah Ibnu Purwanto,

Budi Rustandi Kartawinata,

Mahir Pradana, Aldi Akbar

E-ISSN: 2415-1521

Volume 12, 2024