A Contribution to Enhance the Panoramic Image Security via

Cryptography and Shuffled Methods

1AAMIR SHAHZAD, 2SUNGHO KIM, 3YONGSUNG KIM, 4MALREY LEE, 5HYANGRAN LEE

6GISUNG JEONG

1,2,3,4,5 561-756, Center for Advanced Image and Information Technology, School of Electronics &

Information Engineering, Chon Buk National University, 664-14, 1Ga, Deokjin-Dong, Jeonju,

Chon Buk, KOREA.

6 Department of Fire Service Administration, WonKwang University, REPUBLIC OF KOREA

Abstract: - Major changes have been accounted in the field’s of information technology(IT), the information

that may in the form of audio, video and text, can be transferred anytime, from source to destination or vice

versa that may located in anywhere in the World. The evolutions that have been made in the communication

sectors, such wire and wireless networks, brought many merits for the end-users prospects, but at the same

time, several vulnerabilities and threads have also been linked simultaneously with, and during the information

exchanges. To keep the information secure before transmits from the source and receives at the destination, two

generic security solutions are proposed which provide a s ignificance security for the information that being

travelled in the unsecure networks. First solution uses the cryptography mechanisms while the second solution

employs a novel shuffling method, which deployed to enhance the security of information while travelling to

the unsecured networks. In this study, the random sized panoramic images are considered as information that

required to be secured over internet.

Key-Words: - Security Attack, Panoramic Image Security, Cryptography, Shuffled method.

1 Introduction

Nowadays, the information that may in the forms of

audio, video, text and images, can be transferred by

the use of communication media, such as wire and

wireless, which provide the efficient, and fast

delivery; but at the same time, numbers of security

threads have also been resided in between the

transmission(s) [1—5]. Formal security methods,

such as steganography and visual cryptography, are

deployed to hide the information of digital images

while travelling to the open networks [1, 2]. A study

by Jasni Zain et al., the telemedicine system used an

Table. 1 Security Attacks and Vulnerabilities [5]

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on COMPUTERS

DOI: 10.37394/23205.2022.21.11

Aamir Shahzad, Sungho Kim,

Yongsung Kim, Malrey Lee,

Hyangran Lee, Gisung Jeong

E-ISSN: 2224-2872

Volume 21, 2022

integrated merits of information technology (IT) and

telecommunication, telemedicine information (i.e.,

patient data) always required a se curity and

transmission over internet for the purpose of fast

and reliable delivery. Thus, watermarking and

steganography techniques are suggested that

provided security for medical images [1].

Table 1 shows the number of attacks and common

vulnerabilities that mainly resided in the informative

networks [6]. Like others’, images are also

accounted as unsecured form of information and

will require a security solution that protect them

from the networks adversaries. Chae Hongseok el

at., proposed a cryptography based security

mechanism that further distributed in main three

algorithms, such as AES, RSA and SHA-2, for the

information protection [6]. Puech et al., also

analyzed the weaker security level of information

and then proposed two security dimensions that

keep the information of digital images and videos’

to be secured. The first dimension focus to keep the

information secured against the outside attackers

that would become a parts of normal processing,

while second dimension classified the main

cryptograph algorithms and their use for multimedia

contents (protections) [7, 8].

2 Proposed work and Implementation

To keep the information secure that is in the form of

images, the potential security mechanisms are

proposed that will have significance measurements

against network adversaries [9—12]. In first

security mechanism, the cryptography algorithms,

AES and SHA-512, are employed to secure the

images that planned to transmit over the open

networks or internet. AES is a symmetric algorithm

of cryptography and has same security key that

shared between two participated nodes and provides

security parameters against the confidentiality and

authentication attacks. The AES security key or

secret key is first generated and then shared with the

target node via secure channel that ensured its

uniqueness and security [9]. Therefore, at the both

sides a same shared secret key will be employed

during encryption and decryption processes.

Algorithm 1 shows the panoramic image’s deployed

security via symmetric AES algorithm

2.1 Algorithm 1: Security Development via

Symmetric AES

i. Select the random size panoramic image or

images and designated as ‘Img’.

ii. Generate a secret key, and shared this key

between the participated nodes.

iii. Use step i and deployed the AES algorithm

for encryption process at sender (S) side.

Then transmits it to the target (T) side.

iv. At target side, use step i and ii for

decryption process.

v. Ensure the information, and test the

confidentiality and authentication security

goals.

vi. End of algorithm.

The SHA-512 algorithm generates a fixed size short

code for the desired information (i.e., panoramic

images) that is ready to transmit over the internet or

networks and is a part of cryptography. This

algorithm is deployed to secure the information

against integrity based adversaries and has been

accounted as a m ost efficient and convenient

algorithm due to its merits. Algorithm 2 shows the

panoramic image’s deployed security via SHA-512

cryptography algorithm.

2.2 Algorithm 2: Security Development via

SHA-512 Hashing

i. Select the random size panoramic image

or images and designated as ‘Img’.

ii. Generate a fixed size hash value (H) or

hash digest (H) for selected image (Img),

then transmits it to the target (T) side.

iii. At target side, repeat step i and then

compares with sender hash digest.

iv. Check and ensure the comparison output,

and test the information for integrity

security goals.

v. End of algorithm

As the cryptography based mechanisms are

considered as costly and complex solutions, but

have strong security paradigms against potential

networks adversaries. Therefore, a solution is

proposed to utilize the best performs of cryptograph,

the AES symmetric algorithm and SHA-512 hashing

algorithm are deployed together that will measure

the more efficient security performances for

panoramic images (against adversaries). Moreover,

this security solution will also be optimal due to the

used of both algorithms (such as AES and SHA-

512). Algorithm 3 shows the panoramic image’s

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on COMPUTERS

DOI: 10.37394/23205.2022.21.11

Aamir Shahzad, Sungho Kim,

Yongsung Kim, Malrey Lee,

Hyangran Lee, Gisung Jeong

E-ISSN: 2224-2872

Volume 21, 2022

deployed security by combined effort of AES and

SHA-512 algorithms.

2.3 Algorithm 3: Security Development via

Optimal Approach

i. Select the random size panoramic image or

images and designated as ‘Img’.

ii. Generate a secret key, and shared this key

between the participate nodes.

iii. Use step i and deployed the AES algorithm

for encryption process at sender (S) side.

iv. Generate a f ixed size hash value (H) or

hash digest (H) for secret key.

v. Then transmit to the target (T) side.

vi. At target side, repeat step iv,and then

compare with sender as: .

vii. If shared secret key match then use this key

for decryption process.

viii. Ensure the information, and test the

confidentiality, authentication, integrity

security goals.

ix. End of algorithm.

A novel security mechanism is proposed that secure

the information of panoramic images through the

uses of shuffling method. In this method, the

random sized panoramic images are selected, and

each selected image is converted into the number of

small pieces, means that, each image has converted

into ‘n’ number of pieces. These pieces are then

further shuffled also in the number of times, the

shuffling method (or algorithm) keeps the tracks of

that numbers in-which selected image was

converted and shuffled. Upon receiving at the target

side, the shuffling method is deployed to view the

desired information that will be in the form of

image(s). This method is most convenient and has

required two main steps that provide the security for

panoramic images while travelling over the

unsecured media. The detail description of shuffling

method can also be looked in Algorithm 4.

2.4 Algorithm 4: Security Development via

Shuffling Method

i. Select the random size panoramic image or

images and designated as ‘Img’.

ii. Convert the selected image into the

number of ‘n’ pieces (p), logical

distribution as.

iii. Use step ii and shuffle (F) it in ‘n’ number

of times (t), as then transmits it as a

payload message.

iv. At target side, use same method to open a

sender(S) payload message, after

implementing the shuffling and

distribution processes.

v. End of algorithm.

3 Results and Discussion

The assurance of information delivery and also keep

its contents secure from the networks vulnerabilities

and attacks, it is important to have an efficient and

reliable security mechanism that will be powerful

in-protection of information. The cryptography

based mechanisms have been considered as

excellent approaches for secure information

delivery, therefore, the current work has used the

cryptography algorithms and also deployed a novel

shuffling method, which provided significant

security measurements for the selected panoramic

images. Table 2 shows the total approximate

sessions that have computed via optimal approach

for the random size panoramic images.

Table. 2 Performances

No. Image

Size(bytes)

Optimal

Approach: AES

and SHA-512

Security

Test

1. 9,548 9000 ms Verified

2. 8,987 8300 ms Verified

3. 13,220 11500 ms Verified

4. 13,174 11000 ms Verified

5. 16,193 13000 ms Verified

6. 11,757 10000 ms Verified

7. 10,593 9600 ms Verified

8. 13,512 11800 ms Verified

9. 4,815 3000 ms Verified

10. 7,948 7000 ms Verified

11. 12,064 10300 ms Verified

12. 9,689 9100 ms Verified

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on COMPUTERS

DOI: 10.37394/23205.2022.21.11

Aamir Shahzad, Sungho Kim,

Yongsung Kim, Malrey Lee,

Hyangran Lee, Gisung Jeong

E-ISSN: 2224-2872

Volume 21, 2022

In addition to above results, the transmission flows

are also monitored to check the communication

flows during the random size panoramic images

were transmitted. Performance figures 1and 2 show

the transmission flow sequences in-case of normal

flow that represented by sequential lines and error

counted flow that represented by a sm all gap in

between the transmission.

4 Conclusion and future work

The modern enhancements such are the part of

information technology sectors are useful and bring

many advantages of easy, reliable, and efficient

access for the human lives, but at the same time,

they have several issues in the terms of security that

would be interacted with the information that being

exchanged by two or multiple networked nodes. The

current study uses two security mechanisms, such as

cryptography method and shuffling method, that

applied and the measured results are efficient and

significant in-protection of information against the

network or Internet adversaries. In future, the

proposed security methods will be employed for

industrial images that will also have required

security because the almost parts of industrial

infrastructures (e.g., oil, gas, power and water

plants) and their processing are monitored and

controlled over the internet access where the

proprietary and the non-proprietary protocols are

interconnected and networked.

Acknowledgment

This work (Grants No: 1401001175) was supported

by Business for Academic-industrial Cooperative

establishments funded Korea Small and Medium

Business Administration in 2015.

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Fig. 2 Transmission Flows via Shuffling Method

Fig. 1 Transmission Flows via Optimal Method

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Aamir Shahzad, Sungho Kim,

Yongsung Kim, Malrey Lee,

Hyangran Lee, Gisung Jeong

E-ISSN: 2224-2872

Volume 21, 2022

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WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on COMPUTERS

DOI: 10.37394/23205.2022.21.11

Aamir Shahzad, Sungho Kim,

Yongsung Kim, Malrey Lee,

Hyangran Lee, Gisung Jeong

E-ISSN: 2224-2872

Volume 21, 2022