Efficient High Gain Elliptically Polarized Phased MIMO Antenna

SHANTHA SELVA KUMARI R.1, 2, GURUARCHANA V.1, 2, GURUATCHAYA V.1, 2

1Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,

Sivakasi,

INDIA

2Mepco Schlenk Engineering College,

Sivakasi,

INDIA

Abstract: A phased MIMO antenna with a coaxial feed is designed to operate in the electromagnetic spectrum

with the frequency range of 8 GHz to 12 GHz, which resonates at 9 GHz, is used in military and satellite

communication. The ability of phased MIMO antennas to change the form and orientation of the radiation pattern

without constantly moving the antenna is unique. The proposed approach can also improve radiation efficiency by

maximizing array unit size. To validate the proposed method, an elliptical polarization phased antenna has been

constructed as a planar array. A 2 to 2 planar dual polarized MIMO antenna is intended to improve the efficiency.

The obtained return loss for 2x2 planar MIMO is -19.34 dB. The proposed 2x2 MIMO antenna is projected on a

teflon material with dielectric constant of 2.25 and the thickness of the substrate is 7mm. The efficiency for two port

MIMO antenna is 97.7%.

Key-Words: - Phased MIMO antenna, dual-polarized antenna, radiation efficiency, Polarization, MIMO Antenna,

Omini-directional, Gain, Planar array.

Received: August 9, 2022. Revised: September 23, 2023. Accepted: November 15, 2023. Published: December 31, 2023.

1 Introduction

Broad-angle scanning is fast evolving, and it has

been utilized by phased arrays in an assortment of

applications in order to circumvent the vast coverage

constraints of high gain arrays. [1], because polarized

capacitance can improve system capacity without

raising the system size, this technology can be used to

obtained resistance to multipath fading. Many radio

stations used phased MIMO to improve the signal

strength and hence coverage in the license city will

decrease the interference in other areas. Because of

differences in ionospheric propagation at

mediumwave frequencies between day and night, it is

similar for all broadcast stations to switch between

groundwave and skywave radiation patterns daily at

sunrise and sunset by transitioning the level of power

delivered to each antenna elements. Many stations use

horizontal dipole arrays for shortwave broadcasts.

[2], a single-polarization method is complicate to

satisfy the requirements of communication in some

fields, such as satellite communications and 5G

communication systems. In the above fields, the

dual-polarization method has been used. [3], for

dual-polarization, the following antenna types should

be investigated: dipole antennas and microstrip

antennas. This type of antennas have numerous pros,

including cross- polarization, a forward/backward

(F/B) radiation ratio, and a broad frequency band, [4].

Advanced array techniques have invented for

emerging technologies such as satellite, military,

etc... However, the intricately intertwined array is not

applicable for 5G systems (MIMO). [5], the phased

MIMO’s polarization is defined by the placement of

side by side located, perpendicularly polarized

radiating elements. This antenna can be

accomplished by changing the magnitude and time of

the individual racecourse to obtain the perpendicular

performance of polarization at the peak of the beam.

Aspiration for two input-polarized weather radar

systems derived from attributes that lead to raindrops

to become flat in their upward direction if they fall

on the atmosphere. [6], radar Cross Section or

brightness differs for radar beams with electric fields

which gets polarized perpendicularly or parallelly to

the symmetrical axis. Since this MIMO antenna has

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DOI: 10.37394/23204.2023.22.21

Shantha Selva Kumari R.,

Guruarchana V., Guruatchaya V.

E-ISSN: 2224-2864

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complex structure, it is composed of two feed lines

which is made of metal. [7], a Phased MIMO radar

offers a transmitted antenna arrays which is split into

imbricate subarrays with similar elements to

manipulate the coherent gain and waveform

diversification. [8], a multi feed antenna is regulated

by altering the phase and amplitude inside the

different feeds.

2 Proposed Design

Many emitters are used in MIMO arrays for

formation of beams in microwave devices which is

having high frequency. The goal of using a phased

array antenna is to direct an emitted beam by

utilizing two or more waves having a equal

amplitude and phase to generate the signal waves

among two or more transmitted signal. This will be

referred to as “formation of beam”.

Fig. 1: Single phased antenna

A single phased antenna is first designed in

Figure 1 and the current distribution is analyzed

using HFSS software. The proposed MIMO antenna

is compact and comprised of a ground plane, four

coiled metal plates with four circular grooves, four

slates, and two L-shaped line feeds. The metal sheet is

displayed on a Teflon substrate with a dielectric of

2.1 and a depth of 7mm. The dimension is 60mm x

60mm. Table 1 shows the specifications for the

suggested polarized antenna unit.

Table 1. Dimensions of proposed antenna

13.5

2.5

1.2

All dimension units are in mm.

Fig. 2: Current distribution of single phased

antenna

Fig. 3: E-field representation

Fig. 4: H-field representation

[9], the bent frame can stimulate a longitudinal

load in the elated unit, altering the dispersion in the

patch. In Figure 3 and Figure 4, the E-field and H-

field were also investigated. The sheet which is made

of metal is used to boost the vertical current,

resulting in a stronger opposite horizontal current. As

a result, better current cancellation is seen in Figure

2. As given in Table 2, the return loss at 9 GHz is

estimated to be -18.62 dB, VSWR obtained for the

resonating frequency of 9 GHz is 1.26.and the

maximum gain obtained is 8.5 dB. This radiation

pattern suggests that the antenna is omnidirectional

and it radiates in all directions. [10], an Omni-

Directional radiation pattern for an antenna emits and

receives sufficient proportions of Radio Frequency,

achieves in a 360-degree radiation pattern which

enables connectivity in all directions. The obtained

efficiency is 95.07%.

3 Antenna Analysis and Result

3.1 Result and Analysis of 2 x 2 MIMO

Antenna

To actually accomplish the proposed antenna's

efficiency, a 2x2 MIMO was designed as in Figure 5

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Shantha Selva Kumari R.,

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and its performance is evaluated. The same Teflon

with a dielectric permittivity of 2.1 and a substrate

depth of 7mm is used, with an ability to operate in

the frequency of 9 GHz and a frequency band of

8GHz to 12GHz. The same Teflon with a dielectric

permittivity of 2.1 and a substrate depth of 7mm is

used, with an ability to operate in the frequency of

9 GHz and a frequency band of 8GHz to 12GHz.

The metal plates are ready to bend to form the

vertical plates, which are then encased with the

metal sheet. The proposed dual polarized antenna

has a compact and elementary structure. The array

antenna measures 81mm * 81mm.

Fig. 5: Design of 2x2 phased MIMO antenna using

HFSS software

At the resonant frequency of 9 GHz, the return

loss is -19.34 dB as shown in Figure 6. This criterion

indicates that minimum power is reflected from the

load. If the gain is greater, the signal strength is

greater in that direction. The resulting gain is 10.7 dB

as shown in Figure 7. The ideal VSWR value is 1,

which means that no power is evidenced from the

antenna. At a frequency of 9 GHz, this antenna has a

VSWR of 1.24 as shown in Figure 8. This radiation

pattern indicates that the antenna is omnidirectional,

radiating in every direction which is shown in Figure

9. An Omni-Directional antenna emits and receives

equal amounts of RF energy, resulting in a 360-degree

radiation pattern that allows connectivity in all

directions. The designed antenna has a efficiency of

97.79% as shown in Figure 10. High efficiency

indicates that the antenna delivers the output

effectively with less losses in the transmission lines.

If an antenna was flawlessly and clearly

circular polarized, this ratio would be one. This

would be larger than one if an antenna had perfect

elliptical polarization.

The axial ratio obtained for the proposed antenna

design is 1.18 dB as shown in Figure 11. The

proposed antenna is elliptically polarized, as

illustrated in Figure 12. Similarly same elliptical

polarization is observed for Ex and -Ex plane which is

polarized at 90 deg.

As an outcome, the correlation between two

antennas is zero if one is entirely horizontally

polarized and the other is fully vertically polarized.

For a microstrip MIMO antenna, the ECC value

obtained is 0.003 as shown in Figure 13.

Performance analysis is given in Table 2.

3.2 Performance & Designed Analysis in

HFSS

Table 2. Performance Analysis

PHASE

MIMO

ANTEN

RETU

LOSS

(dB)

GAIN

(dB)

EFFICIE

NCY

ECC

Single

element

-18.62

1.26

8.5

95.07%

2x2

MIMO

-19.34

1.24

10.9

97.79%

0.003

Fig. 6: Return loss vs frequency

Fig. 7: Gain

Fig. 8: VSWR vs Frequency

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Fig. 9: Radiation Pattern

Fig. 10: Radiation Efficiency

Fig. 11: Axial ratio

Fig. 12: Ey Plane polarised at 90 deg

Fig. 13: Correlation Coefficient vs Frequency

4 Conclusion

The proposed antenna gives maximum efficiency

which shows that the antenna delivers the output

effectively with minimum losses while transmission.

The use of a elementary and effectual feeding

technique, coaxial feed, led to a higher impedance of

more than 50% at a resonance frequencies of 9 GHz.

While comparing with a single element, the

proposed antenna with 2x2 MIMO has a radiation

efficiency of 97.79%. The measured return loss is -

19.34 dB, and the measured VSWR is 1.24. Using

the simulation software Ansys HFSS, the simulation

and analytical values were analyzed and validated.

Satellite communication, radar systems, 5G, and

WiFi are instances of applications. They are

employed by the Electronic Warfare System. Based

on the analysis, the best results for return loss,

VSWR, gain, and radiation efficiency demonstrated

that this antenna design is applicable for satellite

technology.

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Contribution of Individual Authors to the

Creation of a Scientific Article (Ghostwriting

Policy)

- Guruarchana. V and Guruatchaya. V, carried out

the design, Simulation and Manuscript writing.

- Shantha Selva Kumar. R, guided in Problem

formation, Trouble shooting and Manuscript

organization.

Sources of Funding for Research Presented in a

Scientific Article or Scientific Article Itself

No funding was received for conducting this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare

that are relevant to the content of this article.

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(Attribution 4.0 International, CC BY 4.0)

This article is published under the terms of the

Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

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DOI: 10.37394/23204.2023.22.21

Shantha Selva Kumari R.,

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E-ISSN: 2224-2864

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