Reagent of Complex Action for Oil Transportation

GURBANOV ABDULAGA1, SARDAROVA İJABIKA2, MEHDIYEVA ALMAZ2

1“Oil and gas transportation and storage” and 2“Electronics and automation” department

Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University

Baku, Azadliq Avenue, 20

AZERBAIJAN

Abstract: - Traditional methods of pipeline cleaning: scraping and heating of problem areas are quite time-

consuming and costly. Cost optimization in this area should be associated with the introduction of new high-tech

technologies, as well as the use of effective domestic analogues of materials and components. Recently, the use

of chemical reagents has become a method of influencing the rheological properties of the oil stream. It was

found that solutions of the additive in toluene have optimal low temperature properties, which is obviously

determined by its pour point (-95°C). The study of rheological properties was carried out at a low shear rate of

3.75 s-1, which corresponds to the starting loads on pumps of the oil pumping station, as well as in the range of

shear rates at temperatures typical for gathering, infield and main oil transportation processes. Innovative methods

for dealing with complications in oil transportation. Proposed by a number of developers, they are based on

electromagnetic and ultrasonic treatment of the oil flow by stationary devices. Studies of dynamic viscosity

during cooling in the temperature range from 70°C to minus 10°C made it possible to determine the depression

of the saturation temperature of oil with paraffins in the presence of the developed reagent, which was 6°C, which

reduces the cost of heating the oil-gathering header and infield pipeline when transporting oil in winter. At a low

speed in the studied temperature range, the viscosity decreases by an average of 35%, which significantly reduces

the starting loads on the pumps. This reagent may vary depending on the application conditions and reach 50%

by weight. while maintaining the possibility of up to -30°C without preheating. The results show that the

developed reagent effectively inhibits the formation of ASF in oils at economically reasonable concentrations of

100...200 g/m3 and is not inferior in efficiency to modern domestic and foreign analogues. On average, the

intensity of the cleaning of pipes from the formed deposits will be reduced by 2.5 times.

Key-Words: - oil transportation, pipeline cleaning, operation, viscosity, reagent, properties, additives

Received: January 15, 2023. Revised: November 18, 2023. Accepted: December 18, 2023. Published: January 16, 2024.

1 Introduction

The increase in the operating costs of in-field and

trunk oil pipelines is associated with an increase in

the cost of transport equipment components and

components used in the processes of oil

transportation. At the same time, the opportunities for

increasing the cost of transportation of hydrocarbons

are limited. Therefore, cost optimization in this area

should be associated with the introduction of new

high-tech technologies, as well as the use of effective

domestic analogues of materials and components.

Reducing the deposition of asphalt-resin-paraffin

deposits and pressure losses is one of the most costly

measures carried out to maintain the required

operational characteristics of in-field and trunk oil

pipelines. Traditional methods of pipeline cleaning:

scraping and heating of problem areas are quite time-

consuming and costly. In addition, scrapers often get

stuck, which violates the technological mode of

operation and requires additional measures to remove

them.

Innovative methods of combating complications

in oil transportation. Offered by a number of

developers, they are based on electromagnetic and

ultrasonic processing of the oil stream by stationary

devices. As a result, as stated in [1, 2], the viscosity

of oil decreases, but in practice the effect of such an

impact is short-lived.

The optimal method of influencing the

rheological properties of an oil flow has recently

become the use of chemical reagents: ASPO

inhibitors, viscosity regulators, anti-turbulent and

depressant additives. ASPO inhibitors and pour point

depressants act on asphaltenes (solid petroleum

hydrocarbons) by adhesion and co-crystallization,

prevent their aggregation into large associates, and

thereby reduce the pour point of oils and the rate of

International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Materials

DOI: 10.37394/232031.2024.3.2

Gurbanov Abdulaga, Sardarova I

jabika, Mehdiyeva Almaz

E-ISSN: 2945-0519

Volume 3, 2024

precipitation of ASPO. Viscosity regulators act in a

similar way; they form asphaltene colloids as a result

of adsorption on aggregates, due to which the energy

of their interaction is significantly reduced. In fact,

these substances compensate for the lack of resins in

oils [3]. Anti-turbulent additives act differently: by

migrating high-molecular-weight linear polymers to

the pipeline walls, they create a liquid layer near them

with an ordered laminar flow regime, which prevents

turbulent friction near the walls and creates the effect

of a hydraulically smooth pipeline [4].

This article describes the development

process, laboratory tests and prospects for the use in

pipeline transport of the AHA-10 complex action

reagent, which combines the effect of an ASPO

inhibitor and an oil viscosity regulator, made on the

basis of raw materials produced in Azerbaijan.

2. Objects and methods of research

It is known that large molecules containing ester

groups have the ability to regulate the viscosity of oil,

since they are capable of forming an external lipid

layer on paraffin-asphaltene associates in the same

way as resins [5]. Therefore, one of the components

of the reagent being developed was the synthetic

carboxylic acid ester, the synthesis of which is

carried out by the reaction of etherification of

tetraatomic alcohol, which takes place at atmospheric

pressure in one stage, at a temperature of 144°C for

6...8h.

Another group of active components of the reagent

under development were imides of synthetic fatty

acids used as anti-wear additives to oils [7]. They are

also components that modify the structure of solid

petroleum hydrocarbons at the molecular level,

thereby preventing the formation of ASPO [8]. Their

synthesis was carried out in a similar way, but in two

stages: at temperatures of 144 and 230°C for 6 and 4

hours, respectively.

The conditions for obtaining the initial components

are available for petrochemical enterprises and allow

the entire production process to be carried out within

one specialized technological installation. Both

synthesized products are surfactants by their

chemical structure.

The reagent also contains a solvent that allows the

reagent to be dosed in the liquid phase at low

temperatures and is capable of synergistically

increasing the effectiveness of its active components.

The solvent was selected based on its effect on the

rheological properties of the oil of the Russian field,

as well as on the pour point of the active components

in this solvent. According to [6], aromatic

hydrocarbons with various methylamine substituents

(benzene, toluene and para-, meta- and ortho-xylene)

have the best ability to disperse (destroy) asphaltene

associates, therefore, the solvent selection was

carried out on the basis of these substances by

determining the pour point of synthesized surfactants

in their solutions according to GOST 20287-74.

It was found that additive solutions in toluene have

optimal low-temperature properties, which is

obviously determined by its solidification

temperature (-95°C). The physico-chemical

properties of the components and the reagent are

shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Physico-chemical properties of components

and reagent

Substance

Average

molar

mass,

g/mol

Acid

number, ml

KOH/g

Density at

20 °C

kg/m3

Т, °C

SZHK

Complex

Ether

1173

13,9

925

-26

Image of

the

SZHK

952

914

-28

ANA-10

210

419

Less

than -

The optimal method of influencing the rheological

properties of the oil stream has recently become the

use of chemical reagents: ASF inhibitors, viscosity

regulators, anti-turbulent and depressor additives.

ASF inhibitors and depressor additives act on

asphaltenes of solid petroleum hydrocarbons by

adhesion and co-crystallization, prevent their

International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Materials

DOI: 10.37394/232031.2024.3.2

Gurbanov Abdulaga, Sardarova I

jabika, Mehdiyeva Almaz

E-ISSN: 2945-0519

Volume 3, 2024

aggregation into large associates and thereby reduce

the pour point of oils and the intensity of ASF

precipitation. Viscosity regulators act in a similar

way, form asphaltene colloids as a result of

adsorption on aggregates, due to which the energy of

their interaction is significantly reduced. In fact,

these substances make up for the lack of resins in oils

[3]. Anti-turbulent additives act differently: by

migrating linear polymers of high molecular weight

to the walls of the pipeline, a liquid layer with an

ordered laminar flow regime is created in their

vicinity, which prevents turbulent friction at the walls

and creates the effect of a hydraulically smooth

pipeline [4, 10, 11].

This article describes the development process,

laboratory tests and prospects for the use in pipeline

transport of the complex action reagent ANA-10,

which combines the effect of an ASF inhibitor and an

oil viscosity regulator made on the basis of raw

materials produced in Azerbaijan.

To optimize the component composition in the

composition, the method of inductive dielectric

studies was used, based on measuring the tangent of

the dielectric loss angle of the substance under study

in a polar solvent. The ability of the reagent to reduce

the forces of intermolecular interactions, which are

the main component of the viscous friction forces,

was determined by the magnitude of the extremum of

this indicator at a frequency of 50 kHz (lg v = 1.7)

[9].

The effect of the obtained reagent on the rheological

properties of the watered oil was studied by

comparing the viscosity of the Muradkhanli oil and

water emulsion of the Az field. Oil bush 3, sle. 381c

with a density of 76% by volume, 2.06% by weight

and a density of 985 kg/m3 in the presence of the

developed reagent in various concentrations and

without it.

Rheological properties were studied at a single shear

rate of 3.75 s-1, on a Brookfield DV-II + Pro rotary

viscometer with an operating range of 0.3...1031 sPa

and a CRYO VT-1 cryostat connected to a measuring

cell that provides viscosity measurement during

cooling. Rheological properties in a wide

temperature range (from 70 to -10°C), characteristic

of oil transport processes, were studied on a vibrating

viscometer SV-10, the shear rate in this temperature

range varied from 590 to 10 s-1.

Fig.1. Dependence of the tangent of the dielectric

loss angle in solutions of imide/ester surfactants in

isopropanol on the frequency of the electromagnetic

field, respectively, % vol.

1-10/90; 2-20/80; 3-30/70; 4-40/100; 5-50/50; 6-

60/40; 7-70/30; 8-80/20; 9-90/10

The ability of the developed reagents to inhibit the

deposition of ASPO oil was studied by the cold finger

test method [10 with 151].

To test the ANA-10 reagent, oil from the NGDU

Pirallakhy field was used - a combined sample with

sle. 1214 plat. 5, 1342 plar. 8, 1453 plat. 9 having

similar physico-chemical properties (Table 2). The

inhibitor was injected into oil at a temperature of

45°C.

3. The results obtained

The reagent АНА-10 is a 12.5% by weight solution

in toluene of a composition of synthesized

surfactants. This concentration may vary depending

on the application conditions and reach 50% by

weight. while maintaining the possibility of up to -

30°C without preheating.

International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Materials

DOI: 10.37394/232031.2024.3.2

Gurbanov Abdulaga, Sardarova I

jabika, Mehdiyeva Almaz

E-ISSN: 2945-0519

Volume 3, 2024

Table 2.

Physic-chemical characteristics of borehole oil used

for

Objects

Water

content

% by

volume

Content, % by weight

ρ420

g/cm3

Viscosity,

MPa*s

Asphal-

tenes

Resins

Paraffin

s Tpl.,

°C

20 °C

°C

Platform

5, well

1214

4,46

7,64

2,15(58)

0,889

62,50

13,7

Platform

8, well

1342

3,24

12,00

2,74

(55)

0,877

38,00

6,4

Platform

9, well

1453

3,41

10,9

2,65(53)

0,881

41,0

7,6

Fig. 2. The dependence of the dynamic viscosity at a

shear rate of 3.75 s-1 on the temperature for the

Muradkhanli oil emulsion of the field 1-oil

emulsion; 2-SAN-10 oil emulsion at a concentration

of 200g/l

The rheological properties were studied at a low

shear rate of 3.75 s-1, which corresponds to the

starting loads on the pumps of the NPS (Fig.2), as

well as in the range of shear rates at temperatures

characteristic of the collection processes, in-field and

trunk oil transport (Fig.3).

The diagram shows that at low speed in the studied

temperature range, the viscosity decreases by an

average of 35%, which significantly reduces the

starting loads on the pumps. Studies of dynamic

viscosity during cooling in the temperature range

from 70°C to minus 10°C (Fig.3) allowed us to

determine the depression of the oil saturation

temperature with paraffins in the presence of the

developed reagent, which was 6°C, which reduces

the cost of warming up the oil collector and the in-

field pipeline during oil transportation in winter. At

the same time, the average decrease in the viscosity

of the test sample in the range from the oil saturation

temperature with paraffin in the presence of a reagent

(7.5°C) to 20°C, typical for conditions of in-field oil

transport, is 55%.

Fig. 3. Dependence of dynamic viscosity on

temperature for Muradkhanli oil emulsion of the

field

1-oil emulsion, 2- oil emulsion with ANA-10 at a

concentration of 100 g/l

The study of the ability of the ANA-10 reagent to

inhibit the deposition of ASF oil was carried out by

the "cold rod" method [10] and compared with the

results of similar studies of ASF inhibitors from other

manufacturers (Table 3).

International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Materials

DOI: 10.37394/232031.2024.3.2

Gurbanov Abdulaga, Sardarova I

jabika, Mehdiyeva Almaz

E-ISSN: 2945-0519

Volume 3, 2024

Table 3.

Results of determining the degree of inhibition of

deposits of the Muradkhanli oil field by the ANA-10

reagent in comparison with analogues

Reagents

The content of

inhibitors in oil mg/l

100

200

SНPX-

2005

Degree of

inhibition

АSPО, %

mas.

2,1

27,1

61,9

SНPX -

7920

43,0

55,9

65,2

5888A

45,4

57,3

63,7

Flexoil

CW 288

37,3

50,6

52,1

АNА-10

51,6

54,1

60,7

According to the results (Table.3) it can be seen that

the developed reagent effectively inhibits the

formation of ASF in oils at economically justified

concentrations of 100...200 g/m3 and is not inferior in

efficiency to modern domestic and foreign

analogues. Evaluation of the possibility and

effectiveness of the developed reagent in in - field

and trunk oil pipelines was carried out by calculating

the pressure losses in the pipeline for friction

according to the method. It was determined that the

use of the developed reagent on a separate section or

on the entire length of the pipeline in the absence of

additional supply branches will reduce the pressure

loss at the pump by 7%. In addition, the intensity of

the cleaning of pipes from the formed deposits will

be reduced by an average of 2.5 times.

4. Conclusion

The decrease in the dynamic viscosity of oil

using the developed reagent in the temperature

range characteristic of oil transportation

processes at a shear rate corresponding to

starting loads was 55%.

The effectiveness of the ANA-10 reagent as an

inhibitor of ASF formation in comparison with

industrially produced analogues has been

experimentally proven.

The technical and economic feasibility of using

the developed reagent of complex action when

collecting borehole fluid and transporting oil by

pipeline transport is justified by a reduction in

operating costs when using it by 10... 15%,

taking into account the commercial cost of

chemicalization of the transportation process of

20 rub/m3.

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DOI: 10.37394/232031.2024.3.2

Gurbanov Abdulaga, Sardarova I

jabika, Mehdiyeva Almaz

E-ISSN: 2945-0519

Volume 3, 2024

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Contribution of Individual Authors to the

Creation of a Scientific Article (Ghostwriting

Policy)

Abdulaga Gurbanov carried out the simulation and

the optimization.

Ijabika Sardarova and Almaz Mehdiyeva answered

for the statistics.

Sources of Funding for Research Presented in a

Scientific Article or Scientific Article Itself

No funding was received for conducting this study.

Conflict of Interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare

that are relevant to the content of this article.

Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

(Attribution 4.0 International, CC BY 4.0)

This article is published under the terms of the

Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en

_US

International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Materials

DOI: 10.37394/232031.2024.3.2

Gurbanov Abdulaga, Sardarova I

jabika, Mehdiyeva Almaz

E-ISSN: 2945-0519

Volume 3, 2024