Islamic Banks’ Shares, Dividends, and Earnings Examinations by
Financial Profitability Considerations: A Case Study of Islamic Banks
ABDULLAH YUSRI AL KHATIB1,a,*, ZIAD MOH’D OBEIDAT1,b,
SARI SULAIMAN MALAHIM2,c, BADER ISMAEEL1,d, IBRAHIM MARWAN KHANJI3,e,
ABDELMAJID AHMED ALRAHAMNEH1, AL’A ATA JARADAT1,f
1Finance and Business Faculty,
The World Islamic Sciences and Education University,
Amman,
JORDAN
2Department of Financial and Banking Sciences,
Amman University College for Financial and Administrative Sciences,
Al-Balqa Applied University,
Amman,
JORDAN
3Virginia Institute of Finance & Management,
Dubai,
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
aORCiD ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5861-3470
bORCiD ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2984-4683
cORCiD ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-141X
dORCiD ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0482-6331
eORCiD ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-0035
fORCiD ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4056-9480
*Corresponding Author
Abstract: - In analyzing the financial values on Islamic banks’ shares, this research reached a significant-
positive influence of return on equity, profit margin, and deposits to assets values on Islamic bank's shares’
turnover while the significant-negative influence of debt ratio and cash and trading investments on deposits.
Similar to the significant-negative affect on shares price-earnings ratios from cash plus trading investments on
deposits and the ratio of debt, and significant-positive impact from the margin of profit, return-on-equity, and
deposits to assets. Dividends-per-share to earnings per share for Islamic banks values had been analyzed in this
research and according to that there was the significant-positive influence of profit margin, debt ratio, and total
deposits to assets, but significant- negative statistical impact of cash plus trading investments on deposits, and
return on equity. So, the results indicated that the Islamic banks shares are influenced by a variety of financial
measurements in the financial market.
Key-Words: - Cash and Trading Investments, Islamic Banks shares and Islamic Finance, Price-Earnings Ratios,
Return and Profit Ratios, Shares’ Turnover, Stock Exchange Market.
Received: January 22, 2024. Revised: July 11, 2024. Accepted: August 6, 2024. Published: September 6, 2024.
1 Introduction
Islamic banks and Islamic financial institutions are
part of the banking and financial system in Jordan
and the Arab world. Central Bank of Jordan
supervises the banking and monetary policy to
maintain the financial situation and to be stable in
the short and long time. Table 1 has the list of
Islamic banks that are presenting Islamic banking
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Abdullah Yusri Al Khatib, Ziad Moh’d Obeidat,
Sari Sulaiman Malahim, Bader Ismaeel,
Ibrahim Marwan Khanji,
Abdelmajid Ahmed Alrahamneh, Al’a Ata Jaradat
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and financial services for customers and clients in
Jordan.
The research community is the banks working
in Jordan, and the sample of this research is going to
be the Islamic banks in Jordan for simplifying the
financial and statistical analysis. The first three
banks are considered as local Islamic banks, and the
last one is considered as foreign Islamic banks
(Saudi Islamic Masref - Bank).
Banks are competing with each other for market
shares locally and regionally and achieving various
good results annually, [1] and that can help banks
and Islamic banking and finance to compete with
traditional commercial banks and to make market
share by building on the previous financial reports
and goals, [2].
Table 1. List of Working Islamic Banks in Jordan
1. Jordan Islamic Bank (J.I.B.)
2. Islamic International Islamic Bank (I.I.A.B.)
3. Safwa Islamic Bank (S.I.B.)
4. AL Rajhi Bank - Jordan (Masref Al Rajhi)
All banks working in Jordan even if they are
local, foreign, Islamic, or commercial banks should
submit their banking, financial, and managerial
reports plus financial ratios list to the central bank
of Jordan. Moreover, these banks should fund
industrial, agricultural, educational, educational and
cultural, and health care sectors to support economic
and social development.
2 Literature Review
There are plenty of literature reviews about banks in
general, commercial traditional banks, Islamic
banks, central banks, and banking financial systems
in theoretical and practical theses and articles, [3].
Islamic banks in the Middle East and regionally
have profits in total and yearly have financial
reports on stock exchange to convince the investors
to invest and to stay investing in the Islamic bank's
shares plus attract new investors to invest their
money in Islamic banks normal shares, [4]. Islamic
banks compete with each other from one side, and
on the other side they compete with commercial
banks financially one of them has the highest and
massive market share to achieve a high rate of
profits and dividends annually in Jordan for
instance, [5]. The development and improvement of
banking and Islamic banking operations and systems
can affect the development of the economy banking,
and finance of the countries. On the other way of
effecting, the development of the economic and
financial affairs in the countries will improve
Islamic bank's annual financial reports and
profitability, [6].
Islamic banks fund and give financial facilities
to different projects and individuals through various
contracts such as debt contracts or equity contracts,
[7], that help to increase the total income and affect
increasing profitability ratios for banks with
financial efficiency and decreasing costs while
providing banking services for clients, [8] and that
makes financial profits and sometimes Islamic
banks’ profits and financial performances are
excessive than commercial banks in general, [9] and
the phase after achieving the profits and returns is
distributing the profits as dividends which makes
dividends per share, earnings-per-share, and
dividends-per-share to earnings-per-share,
additionally, economic enhancements and financial
prosperity reflect on developing banking facilities
and financial performances such as banking
dividends and financial ratios with increasing the
paid capital, [10], investors are going to analyze that
with shares’ turnover ratios and price-earnings ratios
besides the opportunities and challenges that Islamic
banking face and need to be analyzed, [11].
Stock exchanges for Islamic and commercial bank
shares were affected by crises and healthcare
situations, [12] and that affected the number of
traded shares and the price of banks share which
was reflected in the market prices for banking shares
in the stock market, and to solve these kind of crises
banks operated high standards in financial and
managerial manners. Market risks have an impact
on Islamic banks’ shares and their return and
investment portfolios as well but Islamic banks are
managing and know how to deal with the market
risks to prevent losses and gain profits if that is
possible, [13].
Generally, financial indicators and ratios give
details of banking performances and financial
fulfilments during the past and current period,
financial decision-makers can predict the banking
conduct in the future, especially for increasing
banking market share for the number and amount of
deposits and projects to be funded, [14] add on
increasing the traded shares for Islamic banks in the
stock markets and the number of dividends and
earnings with affecting the turnover of shares’
ratios.
Banks' performance varies from time to time
according to the public situations, [15] and that can
shape the way of dealing with current affairs and
making useful decisions for financial acting and
performance shortly, [16] and even in the long run.
Islamic banks could perform satisfactory financial
and profitable banking operations and that increased
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Abdullah Yusri Al Khatib, Ziad Moh’d Obeidat,
Sari Sulaiman Malahim, Bader Ismaeel,
Ibrahim Marwan Khanji,
Abdelmajid Ahmed Alrahamneh, Al’a Ata Jaradat
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the market share diversifications of funds, and
competitiveness, [17].
The development of Islamic finance and
banking is in a sustainable situation and with legal
functions to provide Islamic banking services for the
communities in ethical and profit and loss
participation by funding different projects and
different sectors to achieve profits and economic-
social prosperity, [18].
3 Research Methodology
Islamic banks have shares in the financial markets
which are traded according to financial situations
and general economic and political issues. This
research has analyzed the factors and their impacts
on turnover of shares’ ratio, shares’ prices to
earnings ratios, and the ratio of dividends per share
to earnings per share for Islamic banks in the Jordan
financial markets - Amman Stock Exchange-{ASE}.
In general, investors in the financial markets prefer
to recognize the results from the financial factors
and variables like trading investments with cash on
total customers’ deposits, return on equity, the
margin of profit, the ratio of debt, and the
percentage of deposits to assets as determined in this
research to be the independent items.
Figure 1 gives an outline of the study for
predictors (independent) variables and predicted
(dependent) variables as the study is going to
analyze the relationships and repercussions between
them.
4 Measurements of Variables
The mathematical models are illustrated in Table 2
as financial equations to find the values of research
variables, for more clarification the researchers
divided the variables into two sections (A)
dependent items and contains (3) items, and (B)
independent items and contains (5) items.
Fig. 1: Research Variables Model
Table 2. The Mathematical Models of the Financial Ratios Variables
Research Financial Ratios
A) Dependent Items
1. Shares’ Turnover Ratio
2. Price-Earnings Ratio (as times)
3. Dividends-per-Share to Earnings-per-Share
B) Independent Items
1. Return on Equity (R.O.E.)
2. Profit Margin
3. Debt Ratio
4. Total of Deposits to Total of Assets
5. Cash and Trading Investments to a total of Deposits (Times)
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Abdullah Yusri Al Khatib, Ziad Moh’d Obeidat,
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Ibrahim Marwan Khanji,
Abdelmajid Ahmed Alrahamneh, Al’a Ata Jaradat
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Banking performance is changeable during this
time because of financial systems and the structure
and management of the bank, in addition to the
competitive banking environment between local and
foreign banks to accomplish satisfactory financial
reports to the shareholders and depositors, [19].
Islamic Banks distribute their returns annually
on shareholders and depositors for investment
deposits such like not restricted investment deposits,
as a consequence a positive impact on increasing the
amounts of liquidity and number of different
investing deposits plus increasing the number of
trading shares during the time and rising turnover
ratios and price to earnings ratios, [20].
Some studies focused on the dividends and earnings
as dependent variables and the effect of financial
performance on them, [21] and they found a positive
impact for return on equity on the payout and policy
of dividends and earnings. Plus, increasing the
amounts and percentages of profits and profitability
affect the value of shares and trading on them
So, Figure 2 and Figure 3 illustrate the
movement of dependent items which are dividends -
Earnings per share, shares- turnover, and price-to-
earnings numbers. Moreover, independent items are
deposits - to assets in total, liquidity, and
investments (trading) to deposits in total, return-on-
equity, the margin of profit, and debt proportions.
Fig. 2: Research Dependent Variables (2018 - 2023)
Fig. 3: Research Independent Variables (2018 - 2023)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Values
Years
Dependent Variables
Shares' Turnover Ratio
Price Earnings Ratio
Dividends Per Share to
Earnings Per Share
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Values
Years
Independent Variables
ROE
Profit Margin
Debt Ratio
Total Deposits to Total
Assets
Cash and Trading
Investments to Total
Deposits
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Ibrahim Marwan Khanji,
Abdelmajid Ahmed Alrahamneh, Al’a Ata Jaradat
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4.1 Sample
The banking system in Jordan contains a group of
commercial (traditional) banks and Islamic banks;
all of them are organized and managed by the
central bank of Jordan's rules and regulations. The
sample of this research is Islamic banks in Jordan to
find out the impact of financial values on Islamic
banks’ shares from (2018) to (2023) from many
aspects.
4.2 Hypotheses of the Research
There are three groups of null hypotheses for each
dependent factor to test the degree of independent
factors' impact. The null hypotheses for shares’
turnover ratios are explained in Table 3, the null
hypotheses for price-earnings ratios as exemplified
from Table 4; finally Table 5 demonstrates the null
hypotheses for dividends per share to earnings per
share.
Table 3. The Null Hypotheses for Shares’ Turnover Ratios
H0.1.1
There isn’t an impact of return on equity on shares’ turnover ratios
H0.2.1
There isn’t an impact of profit margin on shares’ turnover ratios
H0.3.1
There isn’t an impact of debt ratios on shares’ turnover ratios
H0.4.1
There isn’t an impact of total deposits to total assets on shares’ turnover ratios
H0.5.1
There isn’t an impact of cash plus trading investments to (total) deposits on shares’ turnover ratios
Table 4. The Null Hypotheses for Price Earnings Ratios
H0.1.2
There isn’t an impact of return on equity on price-earnings ratios
H0.2.2
There isn’t an impact of profit margin on price-earnings ratios
H0.3.2
There isn’t an impact of debt ratios on price-earnings ratios
H0.4.2
There isn’t an impact of total deposits to total assets on price-earnings ratios
H0.5.2
There isn’t an impact of cash plus trading investments to (total) deposits on price-earnings ratios
Table 5. The Null Hypotheses for Dividends-per-Share to Earnings-per-Share
H0.1.3
There isn’t an impact of return on total equity on dividends-per-share to earnings-per-share
H0.2.3
There isn’t an impact of profit margin on dividends-per-share to earnings-per-share
H0.3.3
There isn’t an impact of debt ratios on dividends-per-share to earnings-per-share
H0.4.3
There isn’t an impact of total deposits to total assets on dividends-per-share to earnings-per-share
H0.5.3
There isn’t an impact of cash plus trading investments to (total) deposits on dividends-per-share to earnings-per-
share
Table 6. Research Variables Descriptive Statistics
Mean
Standard Deviation
1. Shares’ Turnover Ratio
5.8433
2.08938
2. Price Earnings Ratio
12.3233
1.53169
3. Dividends per Share to Earnings
per Share
67.8117
14.39278
4. Return on Equity
11.2233
.87486
5. Profit Margin
31.7000
1.61750
6. Debt Ratio
90.0067
1.03074
7. Total of Deposits to Assets in total
86.7783
1.05678
8. Cash-and-trading investments to
Deposits in total
0.2283
0.01472
Table 7. Symbols of Research Variables
Research Variables
Symbol
1. Shares’ Turnover Ratio
S.T.R
2. Price Earnings Ratio
P.E.R
3. Dividends per Share to Earnings per Share
DPS.EPS
4. Return on Equity
R.O.E
5. Profit Margin
P.M.
6. Debt Ratio
D.R.
7. Total of Deposits to Total of Assets
D.A.
8. Cash and Trading Investments to Total Deposits
C.I.D.
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5 The Statistical Equations and
Description of Variables
Financial ratios and financial analysis reveal and
reflect on the growth of the economy in the
countries that support Islamic banking activities,
[22] more of that the behavior of financial
operations can shape the size of profitability and the
efficiency of banking costs to receive the final
results of banking and financial performance as well
[23] and that can make a considerable impact on
Islamic banks shares and the relation issues for
shares. In this part, the group of variables’ means
and variables’ standard deviations were calculated
as in Table 6 for each research dependent and
independent variable. Also, Table 7 illustrates the
research variables’ symbols and after that, it is the
three regression equations.
1. ƒ (STR) = 0 + β1 (ROE) + β2 (P.M) + β3 (D.R) +
β4 (D.A) + β5 (C.I.D.) + ε (1)
2. ƒ (PER) = 0 + β1 (ROE) + β2 (P.M) + β3 (D.R) +
β4 (D.A) + β5 (C.I.D.) + ε (2)
3. ƒ (DPS.EPS) = 0 + β1 (ROE) + β2 (P.M) + β3
(D.R) + β4 (D.A) + β5 (C.I.D.) + ε (3)
6 Empirical Analysis
Table 8 correlation matrix (1) illustrates the value of
correlations between shares’ turnover ratio and each
of return on all equity (positive), profit margin ratio
(positive), debt ratio (negative), and finally trading
investments and cash to total deposits (negative) at
(0.05) correlation significant level (one-tailed), and
correlation is significant at the (0.01) level (one-
tailed) with total deposits to total assets (positive)
and that can give an indication about these
independent variables and the way of shaping the
final results on shares’ turnover ratio during the
analyzing period. Moreover, the value of
correlations and the significant level for the
independent factors between each other can be
illustrated and seen from correlation matrices (1),
(2), and (3).
Continuing the explanations of price-earnings
ratios from correlation matrix (2) Table 9 by
analyzing the correlation is significant at the (0.01)
level one tailed with return on equity (positive),
deposits to assets ratio (positive), trading
investments and cash to deposits (negative), but the
correlation is significant at the (0.05) level (one-
tailed) with debt ratio (negative), and profit margin
(positive).
There are correlations with dividends per share
to earnings per share Table 10 correlation matrix (3)
at the (0.01) level one-tailed with cash and trading
investments (negative), and profit margin (positive).
Also, correlation is significant at the (0.05) level
(one-tailed) with return on equity (positive), debt
ratio (positive), and total deposits to total assets
(positive).
Table 8. Correlation Matrix (1) Shares’ Turnover Ratios and Independent Items
S.T.R
R.O.E
P.M.
D.R.
D.A.
C.I.D.
S.T.R
1
R.O.E
0.771*
1
P.M.
0.845*
0.926**
1
D.R.
-0.690*
-0.789*
-0.776*
1
D.A.
0.969**
0.668
0.724
-0.634
1
C.I.D.
-0.519*
0.095
-0.123
-0.051
-0.533
1
Table 9. Correlation Matrix (2) Price Earnings Ratios and Independent Items
P.E.R
R.O.E
P.M.
D.R.
D.A.
C.I.D.
P.E.R
1
R.O.E
0.644**
1
P.M.
0.681*
0.926**
1
D.R.
-0.723*
-0.789*
-0.776*
1
D.A.
0.935**
0.668
0.724
-0.634
1
C.I.D.
-0.575**
0.095
-0.123
-0.051
-0.533
1
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Table 10. Correlation Matrix (3) Dividends per Share to Earnings per Share and Independent Items
DPS.EPS
R.O.E
P.M.
D.R.
D.A.
C.I.D.
DPS.EPS
1
R.O.E
0.801*
1
P.M.
0.897**
0.926**
1
D.R.
-0.517*
-0.789*
-0.776*
1
D.A.
0.843*
0.668
0.724
-0.634
1
C.I.D.
-0.370**
0.095
-0.123
-0.051
-0.533
1
Table 11. Analysis of Variance (AN.O.VA.) for Dependent and Predictor Variables
Shares’ turnover
Price-Earnings
Dividends-per-share to Earnings-
per-share ratio
F. cal.
60.849
F. cal.
27.864
F. cal.
16.513
Sig.
0.001
Sig.
0.006
Sig
0.015
Table 12. Coefficients for Dependent Factor Shares’ Turnover Ratio
Beta (β)
(t)
Sig.
VIF
Constant
-160.353
-7.526
0.002
-----
R.O.E
+ 0. 224
1.569
0.030
3.254
P.M
+ 0.301
2.644
0.021
2.751
D.R
- 0.128
-0.753
0.034
3.261
D.A
+ 0.969
7.801
0.001
1.010
C.I.D.
- 0.004
-0.024
0.028
2.524
ƒ (S.T.R) = - 160.353 + 0.224 (ROE) + 0.301 (P.M) - 0.128 (D.R) + 0.969 (D.A) - 0.004 (C.I.D.)
Table 13. Coefficients for Dependent Factor Price-Earnings Islamic Banks Ratios
Beta (β)
(t)
Sig.
VIF
Constant
- 105.293
- 4.725
0.009
-----
R.O.E
+ 0.036
0.132
0.040
2.531
P.M
+ 0.008
0.027
0.035
1.942
D.R
- 0.218
- 0.937
0.028
2.336
D.A
+ 0.935
5.279
0.006
1.002
C.I.D.
- 0.108
- 0.463
0.029
3.071
ƒ (P.E.R.) = -105.293 + 0.036 (ROE) + 0.008 (P.M) + -0.218 (D.R) + 0.935 (D.A) - 0.108 (C.I.D.)
Table 14. Coefficients for Dependent Factor Dividends per Shares to Earnings per Shares
Beta (β)
(t)
Sig.
VIF
Constant
- 185.267
- 2.972
0.041
-----
R.O.E
- 0.206
- 0.310
0.033
4.212
P.M
+ 0.897
4.064
0.015
1.006
D.R
+ 0.454
1.471
0.050
3.214
D.A
+ 0.407
1.427
0.043
2.107
C.I.D.
- 0.264
- 1.274
0.002
1.892
ƒ (DPS.EPS) = -185.267 - 0.206 (ROE) + 0.897 (P.M) + 0.454 (D.R) + 0.407 (D.A) - 0.264 (C.I.D.)
In the following tables, Table 11 demonstrates
the variance of analysis for measured variables and
predictor variables with calculated (F) and
significance levels for each model of regression. In
the next three tables; Table 12, Table 13 and Table
14 illustrate and represent the coefficients for
shares turnover, price-earnings, and dividends-per-
share to earnings-per-share ratios with calculated
beta, (t), significance level, and variance inflation
factors for predictor items and variables and the
constant. After that, under each table, there is the
equation of regression with beta values.
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7 Research Findings and Testing the
Hypotheses
The study reached that the casual values of the study
have significant results and impact on the measured
values with positive signs for return on equity, profit
margin, and deposits-to-assets, on shares turnover
ratios and price-earnings ratios combined with debt
ratio on dividends per share to earnings per share.
Debt ratio has a downside on share turnover and
price-earnings, and return on equity has a minus
impact on dividends per share to earnings per share,
in addition, cash and trading investments-to-deposits
have a minus impact on all explained variables.
Table 15, Table 16 and Table 17 represent the
accepted alternative hypotheses for this analysis.
Table 15. The Alternative Hypotheses for Shares’ Turnover Ratios
H1.1.1
There is an impact of return on equity on shares’ turnover ratios
H1.2.1
There is an impact of profit margin on shares’ turnover ratios
H1.3.1
There is an impact of debt ratios on shares’ turnover ratios
H1.4.1
There is an impact of total deposits to total assets on shares’ turnover ratios
H1.5.1
There is an impact of cash-and-trading investments on deposits in total on shares’ turnover ratios
Table 16. The Alternative Hypotheses for Price Earnings Ratios
H1.1.2
There is an impact of return on equity on price-earnings ratios
H1.2.2
There is an impact of profit margin on price-earnings ratios
H1.3.2
There is an impact of debt ratios on price-earnings ratios
H1.4.2
There is an impact of total deposits to total assets on price-earnings ratios
H1.5.2
There is an impact of cash-and-trading investments on deposits in total on price-earnings ratios
Table 17. The Alternative Hypotheses for Dividends-per-Share to Earnings-per-Share
H1.1.3
There is an impact of return on. equity on dividends-per-share to earnings-per-share
H1.2.3
There is an impact of profit margin on dividends-per-share to earnings-per-share
H1.3.3
There is an impact of debt ratios on dividends-per-share to earnings-per-share
H1.4.3
There is an impact of total deposits to total assets on dividends-per-share to earnings-per-share
H1.5.3
There is an impact of cash and trading investments on total deposits on dividends per share to earnings
per share
Table 18. Summary of research factors on shares’ turnover ratio
Research Factors
Influence on shares turnover
1. Return on Equity
Sig., positive (+)
2. Profit Margin
Sig., positive (+)
3. Debt Ratio
Sig., negative (-)
4. Total Deposits to Total Assets
Sig., positive (+)
5. Cash and Trading Investments to Total Deposits
Sig., negative (-)
Table 19. Summary of research factors on price-earnings ratio
Research Factors
Influence on price-earnings
1. Return on Equity
Sig., positive (+)
2. Profit Margin
Sig., positive (+)
3. Debt Ratio
Sig., negative (-)
4. Total Deposits to Total Assets
Sig., positive (+)
5. Cash and Trading Investments to Total Deposits
Sig., negative (-)
Table 20. Summary of research factors on dividends-per-share to earnings-per-share
Research Factors
Influence on dividends-per-share to earnings-per-share
1. Return on Equity
Sig., negative (-)
2. Profit Margin
Sig., positive (+)
3. Debt Ratio
Sig., positive (+)
4. Total Deposits to Total Assets
Sig., positive (+)
5. Cash and Trading Investments to Total Deposits
Sig., negative (-)
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS
DOI: 10.37394/23207.2024.21.150
Abdullah Yusri Al Khatib, Ziad Moh’d Obeidat,
Sari Sulaiman Malahim, Bader Ismaeel,
Ibrahim Marwan Khanji,
Abdelmajid Ahmed Alrahamneh, Al’a Ata Jaradat
E-ISSN: 2224-2899
1852
Volume 21, 2024
8 Conclusion: Results and
Recommendations
In analyzing the results of findings the impact of
independent values on shares’ turnover and price-
earnings ratios as measured variables, Islamic banks
are recommended and advised to focus on
increasing total return (total income) for enhancing
return on all equity ratio and profit margin ratio
besides increasing the amount of deposits in a
growth percentage bigger than growing percent of
assets as total as can be summarized from Table 18
and Table 19.
Compare that to dividends per share -to earnings
per share where Islamic banks must manage for a
long time trading investments and cash to deposits
as total and manage return on equity by giving
attention to the percentage growth of trading
investments and cash, return as well besides the
percentage growth of equity and deposits as total.
Moreover, profit margin, debt ratio, and deposits to
assets do not decreasing the importance of dividends
per share-to-earnings per share as presented in Table
20. High performance and good records for Islamic
banks helped to compete and expand rapidly Islamic
banking profitability and the operation of issuing
new shares and trading the current shares with huge
amounts of shares’ prices and numbers of shares.
Developing and growing Islamic banks enhanced
the economic conditions in different countries, [24].
Every year, banks should make a list of
financial ratios to give an investing idea for
expected investors and improve the investing
decisions in the financial and stock markets to the
current investors and depositors in banks, [25].
Also, banking performance and actions are affected
by the structure of bank’s capital which is shaped by
the shares and stocks traded in the financial markets,
[26].
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Sari Sulaiman Malahim, Bader Ismaeel,
Ibrahim Marwan Khanji,
Abdelmajid Ahmed Alrahamneh, Al’a Ata Jaradat
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DOI: 10.37394/23207.2024.21.150
Abdullah Yusri Al Khatib, Ziad Moh’d Obeidat,
Sari Sulaiman Malahim, Bader Ismaeel,
Ibrahim Marwan Khanji,
Abdelmajid Ahmed Alrahamneh, Al’a Ata Jaradat
E-ISSN: 2224-2899
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Contribution of Individual Authors to the
Creation of a Scientific Article (Ghostwriting
Policy)
The authors equally contributed in the present
research, at all stages from the formulation of the
problem to the final findings and solution.
Sources of Funding for Research Presented in a
Scientific Article or Scientific Article Itself
No funding was received for conducting this study.
Conflict of Interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
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(Attribution 4.0 International, CC BY 4.0)
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WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS
DOI: 10.37394/23207.2024.21.150
Abdullah Yusri Al Khatib, Ziad Moh’d Obeidat,
Sari Sulaiman Malahim, Bader Ismaeel,
Ibrahim Marwan Khanji,
Abdelmajid Ahmed Alrahamneh, Al’a Ata Jaradat
E-ISSN: 2224-2899
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Volume 21, 2024