Integration of the Academic and Entrepreneurial Environments to
Enhance Development Opportunities for Tourism Enterprises
ILYОS ABDULLAYEV1, KARINA NEVMATULINA2, MIKHAIL IVASHKIN3,
MADINA AITKAZINA4, NATALY SHAITURA5, ALEKSANDR SHELYGOV6,
ALMA KARSHALOVA7, JUDITH JOSEFINA HERNÁNDEZ GARCÍA de VELAZCO8
1Department of Management and Marketing,
Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences,
Urgench State University,
14, Kh.Alimdjan Street, Urgench, 220100,
UZBEKISTAN
2Center for International Programs and Projects Department of Economy and Management,
Karaganda university of Kazpotrebsoyuz,
9, Academicheskaya Street, Karaganda, 100009,
KAZAKHSTAN
3Higher School of Media, Communications and Service,
Pacific National University,
136, Tikhookeanskaya Street, Khabarovsk, 680035,
RUSSIA
4Department of Accounting and Finance,
Almaty Technological University,
100, Tole bi Street, Almaty, 050012,
KAZAKHSTAN
5Russian State Agrarian University, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy,
49, Timiryazevskaya Street, 127434, Moscow,
RUSSIA
6Moscow Polytechnic University,
38, Bolshaya Semenovskaya Street, Moscow, 107023,
RUSSIA
7Kazakh-British Technical University
59, Tole bi Street, 050000, Almaty,
KAZAKHSTAN
8Departamento de Derecho y Ciencias Políticas,
Universidad de la Costa. CUC.,
Calle 58 # 55 – 66. Barranquilla,
COLOMBIA
Abstract: - The development of modern forms of interaction between science, education, and tourism business
perfects the training of specialists who meet the requirements of the tourism market and support the
development of the industry. The difficulty of integrating the academic and business environment to strengthen
the development opportunities for tourism enterprises necessitates the search for ways to resolve this problem.
The study aims to evaluate the integration of academic and entrepreneurial environments as a mechanism for
enhancing the development opportunities for tourism enterprises. To achieve the goal, the study employs the
qualitative research method of document analysis, as well as the method of expert survey, followed by
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DOI: 10.37394/23207.2024.21.105
Ilyоs Abdullayev, Karina Nevmatulina,
Mikhail Ivashkin et al.
E-ISSN: 2224-2899
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statistical processing of the obtained data. The authors conclude that the integration of the academic and
entrepreneurial environments in the tourism business has to be performed with due regard to the mutual
interests of its participants. Key areas of cooperation are increasing the level of services and staff
professionalism, improving the quality of training of young specialists through participation in research of
tourism, the development of educational programs and improvement of specialists' competence, the
development of incubators and accelerators, and active participation of students in the development and
commercialization of business projects.
Key-Words: - Innovations, competencies, tourism business, tourism services, Kazakhstan, market development.
Received: August 13, 2023. Revised: March 15, 2024. Accepted: May 5, 2024. Published: May 24, 2024.
1 Introduction
In recent years, national economies have faced
unprecedented challenges, including fluctuating
markets, technological disruptions, and the pressing
need for sustainable development, [1]. These
dynamics have underscored the critical role of
innovative and adaptive sectors, such as tourism, in
driving economic resilience and growth. As tourism
becomes increasingly central to economic strategies,
the integration of academic insights and
entrepreneurial agility emerges as an important
approach to navigating and capitalizing on these
complex economic landscapes, [2], [3].
The experience of interaction of universities,
companies, research institutes, and scientific centers
across the world shows the diversity of forms of this
integration depending on the sphere of
entrepreneurial activity, [4]. Today’s science,
education, and business are at the stage of searching
for viable areas of integration of the academic and
entrepreneurial environments, [5], [6], [7], to
increase opportunities for the development of the
experience economy, tourism being one of its
components.
Development of the tourism industry is
currently among the priority directions of economic
development for many countries, including the
Republic of Kazakhstan, that strive to diversify their
international services, change their image, reduce
the degree of dependence on natural resources
extraction, and create new modern jobs, [8], [9].
For instance, for the development of tourism in
Kazakhstan, researchers advise focusing on
integrating the academic and tourism business
environments, [10], [11].
The focus of the study is on the need to identify
substantive areas for integration. Integration is a
form of cooperation, yet we believe that it can only
be successful if its process is effective for all
participants. In the study, we strive to answer the
following research questions:
(1) What forms of integration that affect the tourism
business in Kazakhstan are used in the academic and
entrepreneurial environments?
(2) What are the priority directions for integration of
the academic and entrepreneurial environments that
need to be developed in Kazakhstan?
(3) What are the interests of participants in
integration in the context of ensuring the
development of tourism enterprises?
(4) What are the effects and results of the
cooperation of tourism business entities with the
academic environment?
2 Literature Review
We concur with [12], concerning their presentation
of the essence of integration in the following types
of interrelationships: 1) sustainable cooperation of
the subjects of integration that provides for joint
development; 2) harmonization of the levels of
socio-economic development due to the diversity of
relations formed in the new integrated system.
The researchers point out the following priority
directions for integration of the academic and
tourism business environments:
- Research and innovations. Authors [13], note that
universities often serve as centers of research and
innovation, one such center being the Tourism
Research Institute at Turan-Astana University
(Kazakhstan) established in 2012. Since Kazakhstan
has adopted a program for the development of
research universities, this status is going to be
granted to three Kazakh universities (Al-Farabi
Kazakh National University, L.N. Gumilev Eurasian
National University, and M.O. Auezov South
Kazakhstan State University). International
branches of universities are being developed, for
instance, a branch of De Montfort Leicester
University (UK), a branch of the University of
Arizona (US), and a branch of the National
Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Russia) based
in Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. It is
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expected that research and innovations will promote
the development of the tourism sector, [14].
- Educational programs and training. Universities
create and offer special courses, seminars, and
educational programs for aspiring tourism
entrepreneurs and current industry professionals,
[15]. This can support the creation of a skilled labor
force that can fuel the growth of the tourism sector,
[16]. Since 2014, the Almaty Technological
University and the Hotel and Tourism Management
Institute have implemented a joint Kazakh-Swiss
double-diploma education program for tourism
industry personnel training.
- Incubators and accelerators. Universities create or
collaborate with business incubators and
accelerators that support tourism start-ups, [17].
These initiatives can provide start-ups with the
necessary resources, mentoring, and networking
opportunities to successfully scale their business,
[18]. Turan University has a business incubator as a
structural unit of the university, which is designed to
foster entrepreneurship and innovation among
young people and improve the scientific, innovation,
and educational process in the direction of
entrepreneurship at the university.
- Development of tourism infrastructure. As
suggested by [19], tourism enterprises and
universities can together participate in the
development of tourism infrastructure, including in
creating theme parks, museums, ecotourism objects,
and objects of cultural heritage to attract more
tourists, including international ones. The Burabay
resort is one of the most visited tourist destinations.
The development of this area and the
accommodation of the IQanat High School of
Burabay campus on its territory contribute to the
development of business and tourism interests of the
region, [20].
- Joint marketing efforts. Professional and
marketing resources are developed to attract interest
in Kazakhstan, [21], [22]. Universities and
entrepreneurs can cooperate in the sphere of tourism
marketing, for example, by carrying out joint
advertising campaigns and events and developing
new travel applications to attract and interact with
potential customers, [23]. Almaty hosts the annual
Almaty Marathon, which is the largest sporting
event in Central Asia and has been a member of the
International Association of Amusement Industry
Manufacturers & Suppliers (AIMS) since 2013. The
marathon aims to attract many international
participants to increase interest in the region,
especially by attracting students from different
universities in the country and other states, [24].
- Joint initiatives in the sphere of sustainable
tourism. Universities and entrepreneurs can work
together on projects to support sustainable tourism,
[25]. This can include research on the environmental
and socio-economic consequences of tourism in the
region and the implementation of strategies to
reduce this impact, [26]. An example here is the
Sustainable Tourism educational program at the
University of International Business, which aims to
train highly qualified postgraduate specialists to
support the development of the tourism sector with
an emphasis on preserving Kazakhstan’s historical
and cultural heritage, improving the nation’s
spiritual development, and meeting the consumer
demand of Kazakh citizens and foreign guests for
tourism and sanatorium-resort services.
- International partnership. Universities often have
strong international ties. Authors [27], suggest that
these connections can be utilized both to attract
foreign tourists and entrepreneurs interested in
investing in the tourism sector and to learn about
foreign experience in training specialists for the
tourism sector. The International University of
Tourism and Hospitality and Antalya Bilim
University (Turkey) actively cooperate in providing
international internships to students in the
framework of the International Tourism Experiential
Learning Program. A partner of this program is the
Rixos hotel chain (Turkey), which provides its
hotels for student internships, including educational
theoretical courses on tourism and gastronomy.
- Conducting feasibility studies. Universities can
conduct feasibility studies to identify potential
tourism destinations, assess market demand, and
determine the viability of tourism-related
enterprises, [28]. One of the directions of research
of the Tourism Research Institute under Turan
University is the study of tourist and recreational
resources of the Kazakhstan section of the Great
Silk Road and research of the socioeconomic
efficiency of active types of tourism.
- Student projects and internships. Tourism
companies can offer internships and projects to
university students, which not only gives students
practical experience but also brings new
perspectives and ideas to the tourism business itself,
[29]. An example is the Tourism and Hospitality
dual degree program of Narxoz University and the
Excelia Group La Rochelle (France). Students in
this program complete the first 2 years of study at
Narxoz University, then spend 1 year in the La
Rochelle Excelia Group, and in the fourth year of
study, write a diploma project at Narxoz University
under the supervision of professors of the La
Rochelle Excelia Group, [30].
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- Development of cultural and historical tourism.
Kazakhstan, with its rich history and diverse culture,
can benefit from cooperation between universities
and entrepreneurs to preserve and promote cultural
and heritage sites, [31]. Integration in cultural and
historical tourism may include cultural festivals,
promotion of traditional crafts, and organization of
immersive events for tourists.
Considering the specifics of science, education,
and business, we propose to interpret the integration
of the academic and entrepreneurial environments in
the tourism business as a process of interaction and
cooperation between research organizations,
educational institutions, and business entities in the
tourism industry for mutually beneficial
improvements in the efficiency of scientific,
educational, and entrepreneurial activities, as well as
training highly qualified specialists, raising the level
of staff competence, and making rational use of
financial, material, technical, and human resources.
Integration does not imply the creation of complex
and developed forms of cooperation on a
commercial basis, such as conglomerates, consortia,
or clusters. Integration of the academic and
entrepreneurial environments is needed to develop a
sustainable and reliable tourism industry in
Kazakhstan. Using the strengths of both sectors, the
country can create an efficient tourist ecosystem,
which will assist the development of international
partnerships, attract foreign tourists, and facilitate
the country’s economic growth.
The hypothesis put forward in this study is that
the integration of the academic and entrepreneurial
environments in the tourism business should be
carried out considering the mutual interests of
integration participants and include such main areas
of cooperation as increasing the level of services
and staff professionalism, improving the material
and technical base of tourist services, and taking
measures to promote tourist services and provide
information support.
Research objectives are as follows: 1. to identify
priority directions of integration of the academic
and tourism business environments in Kazakhstan;
2. to determine the advantages of integration of the
academic and entrepreneurial environments in the
tourism business for the development of tourism
enterprises; 3. to determine the interests of
integration participants arising in the context of
ensuring the development of tourism enterprises; 4.
to determine the effect and results of cooperation of
integration participants for the development of
tourism enterprises
3 Methods
To achieve the research goal, we identified a
provisional set of theoretical research methods,
including theoretical generalization to determine the
theoretical foundations of integration of the
academic and entrepreneurial environments. Due to
the novelty of the phenomenon under study and the
exploratory nature of the stated purpose, we adopted
a qualitative approach to research. The study was
conducted from March 1 to August 1, 2023.
By the research goal, at the first stage of the
study, we selected scientific sources concerning the
research problem, which was carried out using the
international databases Web of Science and Scopus
with the restriction on the date of publication no
more than 10 years ago. Based on the analysis of
academic sources and examples from tourism
practice, the priority areas of integration of the
academic and tourism business environments were
identified.
The second stage involved selecting a sample of
experts. The selection criteria were the experience
working in executive positions in tourism
companies in Kazakhstan, as well as at least 10
years of experience in research and teaching in the
field of tourism. The chosen experts (59 people)
were sent emails inviting them to participate in the
survey. The consent to participate in the survey was
expressed by 53 people, after which they received e-
mails with the question: "What, in your opinion, are
the most priority directions of integration of the
academic and tourism business environments in
Kazakhstan from the listed ones?", as well as
research questions (2-4) with a request to
substantiate their answers in free form.
After receiving the responses, a follow-up letter
was sent to the experts, asking them to rank the
advantages of integrating the academic and
entrepreneurial environments in the tourism
business for the development of tourism enterprises
in order of importance by assigning points to them.
Following this, the ranking and weights of the
options were determined according to the scores
assigned by the experts. The final values describe
the importance of the given area of integration and
its advantages.
In our study, we have used statistical analysis
that includes both the Pearson Chi-Square test and
the t-test. The Pearson Chi-Square test was utilized
to examine the non-randomness of expert agreement
within the a priori ranking of the priority directions
for integration between the academic and
entrepreneurial environments in tourism.
Furthermore, we have included the t-test to
compare the means of different groups within our
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data set. This test is particularly useful for
evaluating the effectiveness of different educational
programs and training methods, by comparing the
average performance outcomes of the students
involved. The t-test will allow us to ascertain
whether any observed differences are statistically
significant and hence, infer the impact of these
methods on student readiness for the tourism
industry.
The formula to calculate the actual Pearson Chi-
Square statistic with m = 53 experts is:
𝐶ℎ𝑖 − 𝑆𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 = 𝑊 × 𝑛 × (𝑛 − 1)
1 − 𝑊
4 Results
According to the experts, the priority direction in
the integration of the academic and entrepreneurial
environments in the tourism business (Table 1). It
identifies the enhancement of educational programs
and the emphasis on research and innovation as top
priorities. The importance of international
partnerships, infrastructure development, and the
promotion of cultural and historical tourism are also
highlighted. Further, it emphasizes the need for joint
marketing efforts, sustainable tourism initiatives,
feasibility studies for tourism activities, support for
tourism startups through incubators, and practical
student engagement in the industry. These priorities
suggest a comprehensive approach to fostering
collaboration between academia and the tourism
sector, aimed at driving industry growth and
innovation.
Table 1. Priority directions of integration of the academic and tourism business environments
Priority directions of integration
Rank
Weight
research and innovations in tourism
2
0.20
educational programs and training of specialists in tourism
1
0.31
incubators and accelerators in the sphere of tourism
9
0.01
development of tourist infrastructure
4
0.12
joint marketing efforts in tourism
6
0.06
joint initiatives in sustainable tourism
7
0.04
International partnership in tourism
3
0.13
conducting feasibility studies of tourism activities
8
0.03
student projects and internships
10
0.01
development of cultural and historical tourism
5
0.09
Note: the assessment is based on the expert survey; the value of the coefficient of concordance W = 0.69 (p < 0.01) indicates a strong
consistency of expert opinions.
Table 2. Advantages of the integration of the academic and entrepreneurial environments in tourism business
for the development of tourism enterprises
Rank
Weight
1
0.26
2
0.20
3
0.17
4
0.15
5
0.13
6
0.09
Note: compiled based on the expert survey; the value of the concordance coefficient W = 0.71 (p < 0.01) indicates a strong consistency
of expert opinions.
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To determine the minimum sample size for an a
priori ranking of 10 priority directions of integration
with
the participation of at least 53 experts, we need
to calculate if this number of experts is sufficient to
confirm the non-randomness of the expert
agreement with the Pearson Chi-Square test.
Given that we calculated a critical Chi-Square
value of 16.919 for n – 1 degrees of freedom at a
significance level of a = 0.05, we can now calculate
the actual Chi-Square value with m = 53 experts and
W = 0.69 to verify if m is sufficient.
After the calculation, Pearson Chi-Square test is
equal to 1066.35. Since 1066.35 is much greater
than 16.919, the number of experts (m = 53) is more
than sufficient to confirm the non-randomness of the
expert agreement based on the Pearson criterion.
Based on the expert's opinion, the advantages
they see in the integration of the academic and
entrepreneurial environments in the tourism
business for the development of tourism enterprises
are presented in Table 2.
Kendall's coefficient of concordance W is a
measure used to assess the degree of agreement
among raters or experts. It ranges from 0 (no
agreement) to 1 (complete agreement). When
experts are completely concordant with each other
in their rankings, W is 1. When there is no
agreement better than what would be expected by
chance, W is close to 0.
A W value of 0.71 means that approximately
71% of the variance in the rank data can be
accounted for by the agreement among the raters.
This is a substantial proportion, indicating that the
raters share a common opinion to a large degree
when ranking the importance of the various
advantages of integrating academic and
entrepreneurial environments in tourism.
The p-value indicates the probability of
obtaining such a W value (or one even more
extreme) if there is no agreement among the raters
other than what might be expected by chance alone.
A p-value less than 0.01 means there is less than a
1% probability that the observed concordance
occurred by chance. Therefore, it provides strong
evidence against the null hypothesis of no
agreement, and it supports the conclusion that there
is significant consistency in the experts' opinions.
In summary, the W value of 0.71, especially
with a p-value less than 0.01, suggests that the
experts' agreement on the advantages of integration
is statistically significant and not a result of random
chance, thus demonstrating strong consistency in
their opinions.
Further, we tried to determine the possible ways
to combine the interests of participants in
integration processes aimed at enhancing the
development opportunities of tourism enterprises.
Based on the results of the expert survey, let us
outline the range of interests of integration
participants in all possible areas of integration of the
academic and tourism business environments that
arise in the framework of ensuring the development
of tourism enterprises (Table 3).
Next, we closely considered the possible effects
and results for participants in integration by all the
possible directions of integration of the academic
and tourism business environments to develop
tourism enterprises (Table 4).
Table 3. Interests of participants in integration
Participants in
integration
processes
Personal interest
Common interest
Key objective in ensuring the development of
tourism enterprises
Tourism business
entities
Maximizing profit
Increase in tourist flows
Provision of quality services (production of goods)
based on competitive parameters
Business entities in
related industries
Maximizing profit
Increase in tourist flows
Provision of quality services (production of goods)
based on competitive parameters
Research
organizations
Opportunities for
research and
development in the field
of tourism
Scientific substantiation of
management decisions
Theoretical and methodological substantiation of
the directions of development of tourism enterprises
(multidimensionality)
Educational
institutions
Attracting applicants
with high potential
Practical training (industrial
practice)
Training highly qualified and competitive
specialists
Note: compiled based on the expert survey.
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Table 4. Effects and results of cooperation of tourism business entities with the academic environment
№
Effect of cooperation on tourism
enterprises
Result of cooperation
with research organizations
with educational institutions
1
Increased level of services
Identification of the most effective
methods of tourism activities
Compliance with established standards of
tourism activities
2
Increased staff professionalism
Involvement of scientists in the
implementation of tourism projects
Development of various forms of training in
tourism
3
Improved material and technical base
of tourism services
Application of technological
developments in the tourism sector
Joint development of innovative tourist
products in laboratories and business
incubators
4
Optimization of the price-quality
ratio of the tourist product
Forecasting the consequences of
imbalances in the tourism sector
Formation of specialists' orientation towards
reasonable price-quality ratios
5
Flexible pricing policy with a
methodologically sound approach to
pricing of the tourist product
Methodological substantiation of the
most effective methods of tourist
product pricing, pricing strategies, etc.
Development of specialists’ knowledge of
various approaches to tourist product pricing
and pricing strategies
6
Reinforcement of tourist product
promotion measures with objective
information coverage
Software support for posting
information, designing tourist symbols
Development of specialists’ knowledge about
the methods of tourist product promotion
7
Quality information support of
tourist services
Scientific substantiation of the ways of
supporting tourist services
Participation in the dissemination of tourist
information
Note: compiled based on the expert survey.
5 Discussion
Kazakhstan is rich in recreational resources, diverse
natural landscapes, [32], vast territories with low
industrial urbanization, and remarkable cultural and
historical heritage, [33], which becomes a powerful
driver for the development of most tourism types,
[34]. However, several negative factors, such as
insufficient professional competencies among
tourism representatives, weak infrastructure and
information support of tourism business, [35], [36],
low quality of tourism services, [37] and
shortcomings of the education system in the tourism
sector, [38], result in a lack of interest on the part of
investors and hamper the development of tourism in
Kazakhstan, [39], [40].
The highlighted problems are supported by the
results of the study, in which the experts identified
educational programs and training and research and
innovation in tourism as the highest priority areas
for the integration of the academic and
entrepreneurial environments in the tourism
business (Table 1).
The most topical and promising directions of
such integration for Kazakhstan are attracting
tourism companies to the development of training
programs, organization of internships, and
development of students' professional competencies
demanded by the tourism market, [27]; funding for
targeted training of students and additional
scholarships and grants for students and teachers
[18]; employment of graduates, [29]; joint research
and development in different innovative directions
in the tourism sector [23], [40]. The results of our
study are largely consistent with these conclusions.
Our findings also indicate that the leading
advantages of integration of the academic and
entrepreneurial environments in tourism for the
development of tourism enterprises (Table 2)
include the training of competitive graduates and
opportunities for interaction with tourism companies
in the development of company projects. Thus, the
experts mainly consider the advantages of
integration from the perspective of the efficiency of
staff training of tourism companies' personnel,
which agrees with the results of previous studies
[16], [29].
The search for a circle of common interests
(their convergence) among the participants of
integration processes in the context of ensuring the
development of tourism enterprises (Table 3) at the
current stage of tourism development in Kazakhstan
is hampered by deformations in the forms of
cooperation and the establishment of social contacts.
Nevertheless, all possible participants in integration
are interested in the high level of development of
tourism enterprises, [41].
For educational institutions, the low level of
development of tourism enterprises is evidence of
this situation partially being their fault, because a
significant cause of it lies in the quality of labor
potential of the specialists employed in the service
sector. Therefore, we should agree with [10], that
personnel training for the tourism sector has been an
urgent issue in Kazakhstan for many years. The
current system of higher and vocational education is
gradually overcoming the destructive effect of the
lack of specialization, yet the issue of the quality of
personnel training remains, [26]. Insufficient
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development of tourism enterprises reduces
students' opportunities for industrial practice and
gaining knowledge and experience in real business
entities.
The effect of cooperation with the academic
environment for tourism enterprises, according to
the experts, lies in an increased level of service and
professionalism of the staff and improvement of the
material and technical base of tourist services;
optimization of the price-quality ratio and a flexible
pricing policy with a methodologically sound
approach to the pricing of the tourist product; and
advanced measures to promote the tourist product
with objective information coverage and quality
information support of tourist services.
In contrast to Kazakhstan's approach, a study on
Norway's tourism sector reveals similar positive
outcomes from integrating academic resources into
their tourism enterprises. The Norwegian model, as
detailed in [42], [43], emphasizes not only service
quality and staff professionalism but also the
strategic utilization of environmental sustainability
practices. This approach has significantly enhanced
the appeal and competitiveness of Norwegian
tourism offerings on the global stage. By comparing
these findings with Kazakhstan's initiatives, it
becomes evident that while both nations recognize
the value of academic collaboration for improving
tourism services and infrastructure, Norway's
additional focus on sustainability offers a
complementary perspective that could further enrich
Kazakhstan's tourism development strategy.
These conclusions also partially align with the
opinion of other researchers, who consider the result
of the integration of the academic and
entrepreneurial environments in the tourism
business to be methodological recommendations for
various directions of tourism business and scientific
substantiation of managerial approaches to the
development of tourism enterprises, [26], [38],
general solutions for evaluating management
decisions aimed at the development of tourism
enterprises and increasing the competitiveness of a
tourism business, [27], [44], monitoring and
diagnostics of the condition of the tourism business
and the qualitative aspects of tourist services
provided, [23].
The advantage of the integration of the
academic and entrepreneurial environments in the
tourism business is the possibility of cooperation
between different entities to develop tourism
enterprises and increase the competitiveness of
tourism businesses, which will provide an
opportunity to consolidate efforts and mobilize the
resource potential of all participants to achieve
common strategic and current goals.
6 Conclusion
In modern business, the issues of scientific,
technological, and personnel support are becoming
more complicated. Business is forced to turn to
education and science: it begins to support the
structures of integration of science and education,
create private educational institutions, and
participate in the financing of research and
scientific-technical programs and projects.
Our research confirmed the hypothesis that
integration of the academic and entrepreneurial
environments in the tourism business should be
carried out considering the mutual interests of
integration participants and include such main areas
of cooperation as increasing the level of services
and staff professionalism, improving the material
and technical base of tourist services, and taking
measures to promote tourist services and provide
information support.
The main advantage is the ability to coordinate
the efforts of academic and business structures
(including tourism business entities themselves),
allowing to unite business, science, and education
for a common cause – the development of tourism
enterprises and increasing the level of
competitiveness of tourism business.
Among the limitations of our study, we can note
the size of the expert pool, which does not allow the
conclusions to be fully generalized. The prospect of
further research is the study of the possibilities of
social dialog as a tool for the development of
tourism business in specific regions of Kazakhstan.
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DOI: 10.37394/23207.2024.21.105
Ilyоs Abdullayev, Karina Nevmatulina,
Mikhail Ivashkin et al.
E-ISSN: 2224-2899
1296
Volume 21, 2024