Tourist Attractions and Travel Decisions at Pemandian Air Hangat
Candi Umbul Magelang
FLORA GRACE PUTRIANTI1, MUHAMMAD IRFAN2, DWI SUSANTO2,
KARUNIA KALIFAH WIJAYA1, ADE IRMANSYAH2, ALVIANITA RATNA NILAWATI2,
IRMAWATI IRMAWATI 2
1Department of Psychology,
Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa,
Yogyakarta, Batikan Street Umbulharjo III/1043 Yogyakarta 55167
INDONESIA
2Department of Teacher Training and Education,
Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa,
Yogyakarta, Batikan Street Umbulharjo III/1043 Yogyakarta 55167
INDONESIA
Abstract: - This study aims to determine the relationship between tourist attraction and the decision to travel to
Pemandian Air Hangat Candi Umbul Magelang and the extent to which the effective contribution of tourist
attraction to the decision to travel to Pemandian Air Hangat Candi Umbul Magelang. This research uses a
quantitative approach with Pearson's Product Moment correlation technique. This research was conducted at
the Pemandian Air Hangat Candi Umbul tourist attraction, Magelang, Central Java, with the research subjects
being visitors to the tourist attraction. The instrument in this study is a travel decision scale and a tourist
attraction scale. This research hypothesizes that there is a positive relationship between tourist attraction and
the decision to travel to Pemandian Air Hangat Candi Umbul, Magelang. The higher the tourist attraction score,
the higher the decision to travel to Pemandian Air Hangat Candi Umbul, Magelang. On the other hand, the
lower the tourist attraction score, the lower the decision to travel to Pemandian Air Hangat Candi Umbul,
Magelang. The hypothesis testing results indicate a significant positive relationship between travel decisions
and tourist attraction, with r = 0.534 and p<0,05. It means a positive relationship exists between the decision to
travel and the tourist attraction to Pemandian Air Hangat Candi Umbul, Magelang. The practical contribution
of tourist attractions to the decision to travel to Pemandian Air Hangat Candi Umbul, Magelang, is 28,5%
Key-Words: Tourist Attraction; Travel Decision; Pemandian Air Hangat Candi Umbul
Received: January 5, 2023. Revised: May 26, 2023. Accepted: June 5, 2023. Published: June 15, 2023.
1 Introduction
The Pemandian Air Hangat Candi Umbul is in
Candi Umbul, Kartoharjo Village, Grabag District,
Magelang. This tour has a warm spring at Candi
Umbul that never dries up, even during the dry
season, [1]. Hot water keeps flowing in the ancient
bathing pool hidden among the hills and green rice
fields. Pemandian Air Hangat Candi Umbul
Tourism has much potential to develop and is better
known to the broader community. Some visitors
believe bathing in this pool to treat skin diseases
such as itching, rheumatism, high blood pressure,
and other diseases by soaking in the pool water.
Based on the results of an interview in March
2022 with the manager of the Pemandian Air
Hangat Candi Umbul, it concluded that visitors
during the pandemic were very low even though
the entrance ticket was relatively cheap. The
following is visitor data from January to June 2022,
which is presented in Table 1.
The results of observations in February 2022
can be described that the parking area is narrow,
bathrooms and changing rooms are not adequate,
the garden area has not been used optimally, there
is no place to store goods, mobilization of ticket
payments and parking that is not regular,
unprofessional managers, lack of entertainment
events, lack of security, and surveillance systems
around tourist attractions, as well as environmental
cleanliness that is not paid attention to. This is
supported by the results of research from [2] that
there are still several development priorities that
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS
DOI: 10.37394/23207.2023.20.117
Flora Grace Putrianti, Muhammad Irfan,
Dwi Susanto, Karunia Kalifah Wijaya,
Ade Irmansyah, Alvianita Ratna Nilawati,
Irmawati Irmawati
E-ISSN: 2224-2899
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must be carried out by the manager of the
Pemandian Air Hangat Candi Umbul, including
promotion, maintaining environmental cleanliness,
preserving natural resources, improving the quality
of human resources, increasing the level of security
and supervision and maintenance and use of vacant
land.
Table 1. Number of Tourists at Pemandian Air
Hangat Candi Umbul in 2022
Month
Amount traveler
January
1872
February
1208
March
1180
April
731
May
2380
June
1570
Sources: Visitor Notes Pemandian Air Hangat Candi
Umbul
Fig. 1: Priority for Pemandian Air Hangat Candi
Umbul Development
The tourism sector significantly impacts
economic growth, especially in tourist destination
cities, because it can provide job opportunities,
increase income, change living standards, and the
welfare of the community around tourist
attractions. The decision to visit is an action taken
by tourists because of an impulse or motive to give
rise to interest or encouragement to fulfill their
needs and desires. The decision to visit a tourist
attraction is closely related to consumer behavior.
The visiting decision-making process is a process
that determines tourists to take a tour. The
development of a tourist attraction must be distinct
from the decision to visit tourists because of the
attraction in the tourist attraction, [3].
One of the factors that influence the decision to
visit a tourist attraction. The decision to choose a
tourist destination is determined more by the
attractiveness of the tourist destination to be
visited, [4]. Attributes of tourist destinations consist
of 10A: Awareness, Attractiveness, Availability,
Access, Appearance, Activities, Assurance,
Appreciation, Action, and Accountability, [5], [6].
Furthermore, the tourist's decision to choose a
tourist attraction is a form of decision-making, [3],
[7]. Individuals act rationally in processing the
information received and consider the risks arising
from their actions before committing a specific
behavior. A tourist attraction is everything that has
uniqueness, beauty, and value in the form of the
diversity of natural wealth, culture, and artificial
products that are the target or destination of tourist
visits, [4], [8]. A tourist attraction is an object that
has an attraction to be seen, watched, and enjoyed
that is worthy of being sold to the tourist market,
[9], [10].
Based on the background description above,
researchers are interested in knowing the
relationship between tourist attraction and the
decision to travel at the Pemandian Air Hangat
Candi Umbul Magelang and the effective
contribution of tourist attraction to the decision to
travel at the Pemandian Air Hangat Candi Umbul
Magelang.
Problem formulation in this study is whether
there is a relationship between tourist attraction and
the decision to travel to the Pemandian Air Hangat
Candi Umbul Magelang and the effective
contribution of tourist attraction to the decision to
travel to the Pemandian Air Hangat Candi Umbul
Magelang?
1.1 Travel Decision
Purchasing decisions are a problem-solving
process, including the introduction of needs and
wants, information seeking, consumer service,
purchase decisions, and behavior after purchase,
[11]. The decision to visit is a decision taken by
someone who will travel to a particular tourist spot
for a vacation. The visitor's decision to choose the
chosen tourist object is a form of decision-making,
[12], [13]. The decision to visit is a person's buying
behavior in determining a choice of tourist
attractions to achieve satisfaction according to
consumer needs and desires, including problem
recognition, information search, evaluation of
alternative purchase decisions, and behavior after
purchase, [14].
Based on the above understanding, it concluded
that the decision to travel is the buying behavior of
consumers (tourists) in determining a choice of
tourist attractions to satisfy their needs and desires.
1.2 Travel Decision Aspects
The aspects of travel decisions in this study use
aspects of consumer purchasing decisions
consisting of six aspects, namely product or service
selection, brand selection, ordering channel
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DOI: 10.37394/23207.2023.20.117
Flora Grace Putrianti, Muhammad Irfan,
Dwi Susanto, Karunia Kalifah Wijaya,
Ade Irmansyah, Alvianita Ratna Nilawati,
Irmawati Irmawati
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selection, the timing of purchase, selection of the
number of orders, and payment methods, [15].
1.3 Factors Influencing Travel Decisions
The factors that influence the decision to visit are,
[16]: a) Price. The prices are different, but the
facilities are not much different, so potential
tourists tend to choose a lower price than a higher
price. b) Tourist attraction. How big is the
attraction of the tourist destination to be visited
compared to other tourist areas? c) case of visiting.
Easy access affects the choice of tourists, namely
the availability of smooth transportation and
varying prices. d) information and services before
the visit. Clear information on the places to be
visited is needed, for example how to order tickets,
the transportation used and so on, e) image. A good
image will affect the demand for tourism to tourist
destinations.
1.4 Tourist Attraction
Tourist attraction is an object that has an attraction
to be seen, watched, and enjoyed that is worthy of
being sold to the tourist market, [6]. A tourist
attraction as anything with uniqueness, beauty, and
value in the form of a diversity of natural, cultural,
and artificial assets that are the target or destination
of tourist visits, [17].
Tourist attraction tourism can be in the form of
appearance or natural beauty such as flora and
fauna, landscapes, plants, and results of human
cultivation such as museums, monuments, temples,
historical buildings, and tourist objects that include
humans and culture, [18], [19]. Traditional music,
dance, and customs. Based on the above
understanding, it concluded that a tourist attraction
encourages tourists to visit a tourist attraction by
the source of the attraction in that place.
1.5 Aspects of Tourist Attraction
This study uses aspects of tourist attraction, [20]
namely a) core hence is the level of views of
objects that are interdependent or have an
organization, meaning that the more coherent the
viewer will be, the greater the viewer to choose; b)
legibility is the level that can distinguish observers
to understand or categorize the contents of the
object's view, meaning that the greater the
legibility, the more chosen; c) complexity is the
number and variety of elements of scenery or
objects in the environment, such as housing,
shopping complexes, and shopping centers; d)
mystery is the level of the view of the object
containing confidential information if one is
described in the view, the information you are
looking for.
2 Method
2.1 Types of Research
This research method includes the type of research,
research subjects, data collection methods, data
analysis techniques, and instrument test results.
This research is quantitative, with the independent
variable of tourist attraction and the dependent
variable on the decision to travel. Quantitative data
is a research method based on positivistic (concrete
data); research data is in the form of numbers that
will be measured using statistics as a calculation
test tool related to the problem being researched to
produce a conclusion, [21].
2.2 Research Subject
The subjects of this study were visitors to the
Pemandian Air Hangat Candi Umbul Magelang
tourist attraction; a total of 76 visitors were
obtained using an accidental sampling technique,
namely the selection of sample members conducted
on people they met at the Pemandian Air Hangat
Candi Umbul Magelang.
2.3 Method of Collecting Data
The data collection method was obtained through a
survey using a scale given directly to the research
subject. The scale consists of a travel decision scale
which is compiled based on decision aspects, [22],
a few 48 items, and a tourist attraction scale
compiled based on decision aspects, [23], a few 32
items with five answer choices.
2.4 Data Analysis Technique
The statistical method used in this research data
analysis is the Pearson product-moment correlation
technique, which is processed using the Statistical
Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 25.0
for Windows.
3 Results
3.1 Instrument Test Results
This study used trials because the number of
subjects encountered did not match the researcher's
target. The results of the item validity and scale
reliability tests are:
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS
DOI: 10.37394/23207.2023.20.117
Flora Grace Putrianti, Muhammad Irfan,
Dwi Susanto, Karunia Kalifah Wijaya,
Ade Irmansyah, Alvianita Ratna Nilawati,
Irmawati Irmawati
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Table 1. Validity and Reliability Test Results of Travel Decision Scale
No
Aspect
Amount
item
beginning
Amount
item after
trial
R-it value after
trial
Coefficient
reliability
after trial
1.
Election product/service
6
2
0,354-0,525
0, 732
2.
Election brand
6
3
0,358-0,439
3.
Election intermediary
6
5
0,247-0,476
4.
Determination time purchase
6
5
0,274-0,453
5.
Amount booking
6
6
0,214-0,434
6.
Method payment
6
2
0,203-0,274
Total
36
22
0,203-0,525
Table 2. Validity and Reliability Test Results of Tourist Attraction Scale
No
Aspect
Amount
item
beginning
Amount
item after
trial
R-it value after trial
Coefficient
reliability
after trial
1.
Coherence
6
3
0,238-0,461
0,465
2.
Legibility
6
3
0,262-0,482
3.
Complexity
6
1
0,304
4.
Mystery
6
3
0,291-0,372
Total
24
10
0,238-0,482
3.2 Characteristics of Respondents
The characteristics of the subjects of this study
varied in age, education level, and several visits.
Based on the study results, visitors to tourist
attractions are dominated by teenagers aged
between 16-24 years with a high school education
level and are female.
3.3 Description of Research Data
The description of the research data consisting of
the minimum score, maximum score, average value,
and standard deviation, Table 3 (Appendix).
3.4 Assumption Test Results
The results of the normality test of this research are
as Table 4 (Appendix).
Based on the normality test, the data for the
variables of tourist attraction and travel decisions
are typically distributed. The results of the linearity
test between variables show that the calculated F
value at the deviation of linearity is 1.589 with p =
0.109 (p>0.05), meaning that there is a linear
relationship between the decision to travel and
tourist attraction so that a product-moment
correlation analysis can be carried out (see Table 5,
Appendix).
The table 5 shows the differences in visitor
attractions at the Pemandian Air Hangat Candi
Umbul tourist attraction, and there are differences in
visitors' travel decisions at the Pemandian Air
Hangat Candi Umbul tourist attraction.
3.5 Hypothesis Test Results
The results of data analysis obtained r = 0.534 with
p <0.05, which indicates that the research
hypothesis can be accepted, can be seen in Table 6
(Appendix). The results of the analysis show that
there is a significant positive relationship between
tourist attraction and travel decisions. The
contribution of tourist attraction to the decision to
travel is R2x100% = 28.5%.
Table 7 (Appendix) concluded that p = 0.001 (p
<0.05) means a relationship between tourist
attraction and the decision to travel to the
Pemandian Air Hangat Candi Umbul Magelang.
4 Discussion
The hypothesis test results showed a significant
positive relationship between tourist attraction and
travel decisions, with r = 0.534 and p <0.05. This
research is by the research of [5], [7], [24], which
show that there is a significant relationship between
tourist attraction and a tourist's decision to visit a
tourist attraction.
Attractiveness and word of mouth partially and
simultaneously influence the decision to visit Watu
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Flora Grace Putrianti, Muhammad Irfan,
Dwi Susanto, Karunia Kalifah Wijaya,
Ade Irmansyah, Alvianita Ratna Nilawati,
Irmawati Irmawati
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Ulo Beach. The results of the multiple
determination coefficient (R2) of 0.558 mean that
55.8% of changes in visiting decisions are
influenced by attractiveness and word-of-mouth
variables. In comparison, the remaining 44.2% is
caused by other factors, namely promotion, service
quality, the image of tourist objects, and others that
are not included in the regression equation [3].
The results of this study also show differences in
the tourist attraction of visitors at the Pemandian
Air Hangat Candi Umbul Magelang attraction.
There are differences in the decision to travel to
visitors at the Pemandian Air Hangat Candi Umbul
Magelang tourist attraction. These results are in line
with research from [8] that the factors that influence
tourist visits to ecotourism areas in Bahoi Village,
Likupang Barat District, North Minahasa Regency
are the distance traveled, age level, travel costs, and
entrance fees. Their age level strongly influences
the tendency of tourists to ecotourism diving
because statistical tests state that the age level is
very significant. While the tendency to visit
mangrove ecotourism, the most influencing factor is
the age level because statistical tests state that the
age level is very significant.
The price of admission to the Pemandian Air
Hangat Candi Umbul attraction is Rp. 5000.00 (for
children) and Rp. 6,000.00 (for adults), which is
relatively cheap, does not affect the number of visits
to the object. Ticket prices and facilities positively
affect the decision to visit the Ubalan Waterpark
Pacet Mojokerto tourist attraction, [16]. In their
research, [6], they claim that destination attributes
had a significant positive effect on the decision to
visit the Tirta Empul tourist destination,
Tampaksiring. Interesting tourist attractions, easily
accessible locations, reasonable entrance ticket
prices, accommodations, and unique products are
the dominant considerations for tourists to visit
these attractions.
Furthermore, the study in [6] reported the
promotion had a positive and insignificant effect on
the decision to visit tourist destinations, destination
attributes had a positive and significant effect on the
decision to visit tourist destinations, and place
branding had a positive and significant effect on the
decision to visit tourist destinations.
The formation of place branding is influenced by
destination attributes, and decision-making to visit
tourist destinations is influenced by place branding.
The practical contribution of tourist attractions to
travel decisions is 28.5%, and other factors
influence the rest. The Pemandian Air Hangat
Candi Umbul tourist attraction has several facilities.
However, they are still poorly maintained, such as a
dirty prayer room, an unclean pool (mossy), an
unpleasant smell, changing rooms, and poorly
maintained toilets. Tourist attraction and motivation
significantly influence the decision to visit Berawe
Beach tourism objects by 25.6%, [15].
In addition, the factors that influence tourist
visits include service factors (attitudes and behavior
of services, scouting, and information to tourists),
infrastructure factors (facilities that support the
smoothness of tourist activities while at tourist
sites), factors of tourist Objects and Natural Tourist
Attractions (ODTWA, namely potential based on
natural tourism development that relies on the main
potential of natural resources) as well as security
factors, levels of disturbance or security insecurity
in natural tourism objects will affect the tranquility
and comfort of tourists, [8].
The results of [10] conclude that tourist
attraction, accessibility, price, and facilities
significantly affect tourist interest in visiting. Lake
Cipondoh must-have attractions in the form of
originality, natural beauty, variety, security, and
wholeness. Have an easy-to-reach location, paved
and concrete road conditions, and the travel time is
very close to Jakarta and South Tangerang.
Likewise, for the Pemandian Air Hangat Candi
Umbul tourist attraction, it is necessary to improve
the infrastructure facilities available at the object so
that it will impact tourists visiting it many times.
Facilities are physical resources that must exist
before consumer services are offered, [11].
5 Conclusion
The Tourism Office of Magelang Regency is
expected to pay more attention to the needs of the
Pemandian Air Hangat Candi Umbul tourist
attraction related to facilities and infrastructure so
that it will attract tourists to visit. For the manager
of the Pemandian Air Hangat Candi Umbul tourist
attraction, it is better to improve the facilities and
infrastructure at the attraction, such as cleanliness,
tidiness, and the beauty of the environment, so that
visitors are more interested in revisiting the place.
The community around Magelang Regency
influences the development and progress of the
Magelang Regency tourist destination, especially
the Pemandian Air Hangat Candi Umbul, so it is
hoped that they will participate in promoting and
preserving this tourist attraction for the welfare of
the community.
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS
DOI: 10.37394/23207.2023.20.117
Flora Grace Putrianti, Muhammad Irfan,
Dwi Susanto, Karunia Kalifah Wijaya,
Ade Irmansyah, Alvianita Ratna Nilawati,
Irmawati Irmawati
E-ISSN: 2224-2899
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Acknowledgement:
Thank you to the PRC community, the
administrators of Candi Umbul, who have assisted
in this research and to LPDP who have funded this
research.
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Irmawati Irmawati
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Contribution of Individual Authors to the
Creation of a Scientific Article (Ghostwriting
Policy)
-Flora Grace Putrianti, research instrument
development and data analysis, drafted the article.
-Dwi Susanto, liaison between researchers and
partners, research permits, and data collection.
-Muhammad Irfan, making grant proposals and
research ideas.
-Alvianita Ratna Nilawati, Irmawati Irmawati,
Karunia -Kalifah Wijaya Ade Irmansyah helped
with data collection, observation, and reporting.
Sources of Funding for Research Presented in a
Scientific Article or Scientific Article Itself
This research was carried out on a scientific
research grant with the title TOURISM
MARKETING STRATEGY AS AN EFFORTS TO
IMPROVE TOURISTS AND MSMEs IN THE
UMBUL TEMPLE WARM WATER WITH
Contract number: 124/E4.1/AK.04.RA/2021,
Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan (LPDP).
Conflict of Interest
The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
(Attribution 4.0 International, CC BY 4.0)
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
_US
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS
DOI: 10.37394/23207.2023.20.117
Flora Grace Putrianti, Muhammad Irfan,
Dwi Susanto, Karunia Kalifah Wijaya,
Ade Irmansyah, Alvianita Ratna Nilawati,
Irmawati Irmawati
E-ISSN: 2224-2899
1318
Volume 20, 2023
Appendix
Table 3. Data Description of Travel Decision Variables and Tourist Attractions
No
Variable
Hypothetical Score
Empirical Score
SD
Mean
Min
Max
SD
Mean
Min
Max
1.
Travel Decision
24
108
36
180
10.18
123.73
104
146
2.
Tourist
Attraction
16
72
24
120
6.08
79.22
66
96
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS
DOI: 10.37394/23207.2023.20.117
Flora Grace Putrianti, Muhammad Irfan,
Dwi Susanto, Karunia Kalifah Wijaya,
Ade Irmansyah, Alvianita Ratna Nilawati,
Irmawati Irmawati
E-ISSN: 2224-2899
1319
Volume 20, 2023
