Motivation and Network towards Success of Muslim Millennial SMEs

NADRATUN NAFISAH ABDUL WAHAB1, SITI NUR ZAHIRAH OMAR2*,

ZURAIDAH ZAINOL1, SITI ASMA MOHD ROSDI1, NURUL FADLY HABIDIN1

1Faculty of Management and Economics,

Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak,

MALAYSIA

2Faculty of Business and Management, Machang Campus,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Kelantan, Bukit Ilmu, 18500 Machang, Kelantan,

MALAYSIA

*Corresponding Author

Abstract: -This study was conducted to find out the effect of motivation and networking on the success of

Muslim millennial SMEs. This study uses a quantitative and deductive approach. A questionnaire was used as a

data collection instrument. Data were collected from a random sample of 60 respondents, which consisted of

millennial entrepreneurs in Malaysian public universities, aged around 15 years to 45 years, and had at least

three years of experience in running a business. The proposed hypothesis was tested using Multiple Regression

analysis. the results confirm that at least one of the tested independent variables will significantly influence the

dependent variable. Therefore, the coefficient results are examined next. It was found that motivation (=0.241,

p<0.001) and network (=0.753, p<0.1) were significant in the success of Muslim millennial SMEs at critical

values and corresponding importance. Thus, the success of Muslim millennial SMEs can be generated by

instilling motivation and networking. In addition to empirical evidence, new findings on how other factors need

to be explored to provide new insights into how entrepreneurs can formulate strategies to achieve business

success.

Key-Words: - Muslim millennial SMEs success, motivation, networking.

Received: November 18, 2022. Revised: April 25, 2023. Accepted: May 12, 2023. Published: May 23, 2023.

1 Introduction

Entrepreneurship is a global issue that is widely

discussed and continues to be enhanced especially

in the success of entrepreneurial firms. Discussions

and scientific efforts toward finding positive

relationships between entrepreneurship in firm

success continue to increase. In order to carry out

entrepreneurial activities, Small and Medium

Enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in

leading the economy of a country. However, SMEs

face pressure to win the business competition and

market opportunities that exist, especially Muslim

millennial SMEs, [31]. This pressure affects the

success of the firm in particular.

Motivation and entrepreneurial networks are

said to decline among entrepreneurs leading to the

goal of this study. To promote success, past studies

support motivation and networking as drivers for

the success of Small and Medium Enterprises

(SMEs). It helps the company to grow internally

and externally and achieve success whether in

financial or non-financial form. Motivation and

networking in the context of entrepreneurship are

said to be able to solve the issue of stakeholders in

an SME at work by increasing the success process

[33], [27]. Therefore, it is a must for every

company to foster motivation and strengthen the

company’s internal and external networks.

In the Malaysian context, concerns about the

growth and survival of Bumiputera (indigenous)

entrepreneurs have been raised, many of whom are

Muslim. Although various supports have been

provided in almost every critical aspect of

entrepreneurship including finance and

infrastructure, most of these entrepreneurs still fail

to create a pace to become independent and

competitive. In fact, it is reported that more young

generations enter the field of entrepreneurship with

a special mentality, where they expect help,

especially in obtaining business and market

opportunities. Without the government’s help,

young Bumiputera entrepreneurs are seen as still

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DOI: 10.37394/23207.2023.20.100

Nadratun Nafisah Abdul Wahab,

Siti Nur Zahirah Omar, Zuraidah Zainol,

Siti Asma Mohd Rosdi, Nurul Fadly Habidin

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not confident enough to compete in this field, let

alone expand their wings further [3], [4], [32].

Realizing that over-reliance on business

assistance can hinder business progress and

survival. Entrepreneurs with an entrepreneurial

spirit will thrive. Young Bumiputera entrepreneurs

who venture into the field of Small and Medium

Enterprises (SMEs) need to maintain their

entrepreneurial spirit especially when the

organization is growing [33]. Accordingly, this

study aims to determine the extent to which thriving

entrepreneurial spirit is nurtured among young

Bumiputera entrepreneurs by investigating the

effect of entrepreneurial spirit, i.e. motivation and

networking on the success of Muslim millennial

SMEs.

2 Literature Review

2.1 Muslim Millenial SMEs’ Success

Measuring the success of Muslim SMEs in

financial and non-financial terms is directly related

to the definition of success factors and success in

the eyes of entrepreneurs. A successful firm is

based on several definitions of entrepreneurial firm

success measurement. Success is defined as a firm’s

survival, profitability, and growth. The objectives

of the SME owner are often linked to the business

owner’s personal goals expressed through a

formally drafted business plan (business plan).

Each firm has different success according to the

objectives set by the entrepreneur. Some past

studies have identified the most frequently

discussed criteria for success through feelings of

achievement, recognition, joy with success in

business, job satisfaction, and satisfaction with

owning a business, [32].

SMEs have been and will continue to be the

main driver of economic progress. Due to their

adaptability and quick response to market needs,

SMEs contribute more to economic development in

terms of employment and economic growth. The

success of SMEs is influenced by various

entrepreneurial characteristics and competencies,

including satisfaction with financial achievements,

satisfaction with non-financial achievements, the

performance achieved compared to competitors,

and business development [2]. Previous

researchers’ support of motivation and networking

proves their importance in business success.

Researchers have used elements and hypotheses to

ensure success among the Muslim millennial

generation. The SME sector has received great

attention in this study.

2.2 Internal Factors of Motivation

“Motivation” comes from the Latin word “move,”

which means “to move.” According to [12],

entrepreneurial motivation is operationally defined

as an internal state that encourages individuals to

consciously carry out activities to achieve desired

goals in business. [17] and, [21] define the

measurement of entrepreneurial motivation as

including the following aspects such as financial

motivation, social motivation, service motivation,

self-satisfaction, or achievement motivation.

Entrepreneurship contains an internal factor called

motivation for business actors. Internal factors,

such as the availability of resources, personal skills,

entrepreneurial abilities, and the ability to use

internal resources effectively, are the most

important factors affecting business performance.

According to [12], entrepreneurial motivation is a

strong desire within a person to realize their

potential through creative and innovative thinking

in creating new products with added value for many

parties.

[36] empirical research found that business

motivation affects business success directly and

indirectly, with business ability acting as a

mediator, while [3] found that business interest and

business motivation both have a significant effect

on the business success of young entrepreneurs. [9]

showed that the first motivation related to family

background, opportunity, and need, and the second

motivation related to opportunity, were strong

predictors of small business growth. The effect of

motivational factors such as independence, the need

for achievement, social recognition, and financial

rewards, all of which have been proven to have a

positive and significant effect on the success of

business survival, while, [22], [7] show that

entrepreneurial motivation has a significant impact

on both the innovation process and business

performance. This driving factor is the source of a

person’s happiness. This satisfaction will increase

the enthusiasm to carry out business activities that

will affect the success of the business. This means

that self-motivation for entrepreneurship can have

an impact on business success. Traders who have

high self-motivation to persevere and have a real

determination to run a business and achieve

success.

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Siti Nur Zahirah Omar, Zuraidah Zainol,

Siti Asma Mohd Rosdi, Nurul Fadly Habidin

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2.2.1 Relationship between Motivation and

Success of Muslim Millennial SMEs

Entrepreneurial motivation has a significant

positive effect on the business success, [26].

Entrepreneurial motivation is another factor that

affects entrepreneurial success. Entrepreneurial

intentions and decisions to start a business can be

influenced by entrepreneurial motivation and this

can affect the innovation process as well as

business performance and success, [27]. Long-term

viability will be determined by the performance of

SMEs. SMEs are very important to economic

growth. SMEs play an important role in economic

development, and understanding entrepreneurial

motivations can help entrepreneurs in business.

Increasing entrepreneurial motivation can help

entrepreneurs operate more efficiently, ultimately

leading to better performance. Thus, this research

can help other stakeholders, such as the government

in producing better policies to help SMEs to

increase their entrepreneurial motivation so that

they can compete in this rapidly changing industry,

[1]. Motivation is a stimulus that prompts people to

take action to achieve a certain goal. Self-

motivation that leads to entrepreneurial activity is

defined as a stimulus that allows individuals to run

a business and run it with passion, creativity, and

innovation, and dare to take risks to gain profit,

whether financially or in other ways, [28]. Four

motivational factors, namely independence, need

for achievement, social recognition, and financial

reward, have a positive and significant effect on

survival success. Entrepreneurs with high self-

efficacy believe in their ability to achieve set

business goals, causing increased entrepreneurial

motivation to affect one's business success.

Entrepreneurial self-belief in one's ability to

perform entrepreneurial tasks can be a powerful

motivator to build, promote and maintain one's

business under any circumstances. The presence of

strong self-motivation will encourage entrepreneurs

to do their best for their businesses so that the work

they do yields the best results.

2.3 Network as External Factor

Networks play an important role in SMEs' small

and medium enterprises in bridging the gap

between the lack of resources and knowledge,

especially in the economic transition for SMEs.

According to the network approach to

entrepreneurship, network resources, activities, and

network support are important for enterprise

establishment. According to Roux [18], networking

is a necessary entrepreneurial capability that can

facilitate the development and use of relationships

to gain access to resources, knowledge, and

complementary assets at low transaction costs,

thereby improving enterprise performance. [25]

found that the network capabilities of entrepreneurs

such as partner knowledge, relationship skills,

coordination skills, internal communication, and

relationship building have the potential to improve

SME performance. One of the main benefits of

networking is that it fosters trust among partners

while reducing opportunistic behavior, [5].

2.3.1 The Relationship between Networking

and the Success of Muslim Millennial SMEs

In a past study, the SME network was found to

have a positive effect on the success of Muslim

SMEs, [33]. While, [13] and Lindstrand, [20]

emphasize the importance of networks in

identifying and evaluating business opportunities.

They point out that networking in all its forms is a

key driver of knowledge and experience in foreign

markets. Networking depends on the ability of

employees to absorb external knowledge and apply

it creatively, [6]. There is a study on business

networks concluding that membership in the

network provides significant advantages in terms of

accessing and using external resources that can be

used to increase the success of the firm, [33].

Membership in a network can also be good for

members because it gives them access to social

resources that are part of the network, [13].

Furthermore, when properly harnessed, the

structural capital of SMEs, such as market

knowledge, teamwork, internal communication, and

organizational culture, has the potential to increase

relational capital in general and networking, [15].

This study is consistent with previous findings that

show the positive effect of entrepreneurial network

capabilities on the performance of SMEs. Recent

Czech Republic research on the role of networks

has also confirmed previous findings that

networks/relationships help these firms succeed in

international markets. External relations with

organizations and individuals contribute to the

formation of networks. The literature generally

agrees that company size affects networks. Several

studies in this framework have found that networks

help reduce risks associated with business

transactions, [19] and overall costs, which may lead

to improved financial performance. There is a lot of

past research that says that networking is a big part

of innovation and sustainable development.

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Siti Asma Mohd Rosdi, Nurul Fadly Habidin

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Several studies have highlighted the significant

impact of networks on SME performance.

According to network theory, there is a positive

relationship between networks and various aspects

of firm performance. Evidence shows that the

ability of owners to gain access to resources that are

not under their control in a cost-effective manner

through networks can influence the success of

business ventures, [34] because networks provide

value to their members by allowing them to gain

access to social resources. Embedded in the

network. Furthermore, as argued by [16], using

networks has the potential to increase a firm’s

chances of survival, as such collaborations can

facilitate the achievement of economies of scale.

The literature also shows a positive relationship

between networks and firm growth. While

researcher Watson, [34] in his study has found a

significant positive relationship between

networking and business growth. It turns out that

the network highlights the performance of SMEs

where performance is an element in success of

SMEs.

There is an opinion that states that the

marketing performance of SMEs can be improved

if they use business networks proactively which is

supported by the findings that the use of social

networks as a marketing tool by SMEs. This view is

supported by past researchers namely [30], who

highlight the power of social networks as a tool to

support word-of-mouth marketing activities.

Previous studies have stated that networks can have

an impact in increasing the value of a situation,

organization, or group due to the contribution of

higher expertise when more people are involved in

the entrepreneurial affairs of a company and then

contribute other valuable characteristics through the

network, [11], [12]. SME networking benefits

marketing performance. Researchers Lindstrand,

Melén, and [33], have highlighted the important

role of networks in recognizing and evaluating

business potential. They state that the role of

networks, in all their manifestations, is an important

driver in contributing knowledge and expertise,

especially in the international market. As a result, a

good network will have an impact on the success of

Muslim Millennial SMEs.

Many studies have shown the great influence of

networks on the success of small and medium

businesses, [34]. According to the theory, networks

have a positive correlation with different elements

of company performance. Evidence shows that the

ability of owners to gain cost-effective access to

resources that are not under their control through

networks can impact the success of business

ventures, [34] because networks provide value to

their members by enabling them to access social

resources found in the network, [3], [34]

established a strong correlation between networks

and corporate success. Being part of a network

increases the value of a situation, organization, or

group because it adds knowledge and other

desirable characteristics, [10]. As a result, effective

networking will contribute to the success of

Millennial Muslim small and medium businesses.

2.4 Relevant Theory and Research Model

Fig. 1: Hypothesized model of the success of

Islamic Youth SMEs

The hypothesized model of the success of Islamic

Youth SMEs is shown in Figure 1. The hypothesis

developed by the hypothesis includes motivation

and networking as success factors of Islamic Youth

SMEs.

H1: Motivation has a significant relationship with

the success of Muslim Millennial SMEs.

H2: Networking has a significant relationship with

the success of Muslim Millennial SMEs.

3 Methodology

This study uses a quantitative and deductive

approach, [14]. A questionnaire was used as an

instrument to collect data. All questionnaire items

were adapted from previous studies. Specifically,

the Success of Muslim Millennial SMEs is

measured using 22 items, adapted from, [23] while

19 items to measure motivation, [24] and network

(10 items) were adapted from, [35]. Using pilot data

collected from 60 respondents, a reliability test was

conducted to ensure the internal consistency of the

measure using Cronbach’s alpha value. The results

in Table 1 show that all Cronbach’s alpha values

for all constructs range from 0.70 to 0.96.

Therefore, the entire construct is considered reliable

enough because all values are greater than the value

of 0.6, [14].

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Table 1. Reliability Coefficients of Variables

Variables

Number

of Items

Delete

d Item

Cronbach’

s Alpha

Muslim Millenial SMEs

Success

0.81

Motivation

0.662

Networking

0.842

Using a cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was

distributed to a sample of 69 respondents, who were

millennial entrepreneurs in a Malaysian public

university, aged 15 to 45 years, and had at least

three years of experience in running a business. The

selection of respondents to form the sample was

made using cluster sampling. The collected data w.

Therefore, the valid response rate accounted for

86.9 percent. Since the response rate was higher

than 50 percent, the data were considered sufficient

to represent the population and generalize the

results. Table 2 shows the profile of the

respondents. The percentage of respondents was

found to be almost balanced between men (48%)

and women (52%). While the respondents are

around 15 years old to 45 years old. Based on their

education, most respondents are in diploma studies

(17%), bachelor’s degrees (78%), and Ph.D. (5%)

where most are still studying and have not

completed their studies (55%) while (45%) have

graduated. Finally, most respondents reported that

they had attended an entrepreneurship workshop

(88%).

Table 2. Respondents’ Profile

Frequency

Percent

Gender

Male

Female

Age

15 to 25 years old

25 to 35 years old

35 to 45 years old

Marital Status

Married

Single

Education Level

Diploma

Bachelor’s Degree

Ph.D

Level of Studies

First-year

Second year

Third year

Fourth-year

Completed

Attendance of

Entrepreneurship

Workshop

Yes

Table 3 shows the results of a multiple regression

testing the effect of motivation and networking on

the success of Muslim millennial SMEs. In

particular, the results show that the R² value is

0.567, illustrating that 56.7 percent of the variance

in the dependent variable, namely the success of

Muslim millennial SMEs, is explained by the

independent variables, namely motivation, and

network, while the rest. 43.3 percent may be

explained by other factors not investigated in this

study. The ANOVA results revealed an F value of

76.06 with a p-value less than the significance

value of 0.001. Therefore, the results confirm that

at least one of the tested independent variables will

significantly influence the dependent variable.

Therefore, the coefficient results are examined next.

It was found that motivation (=0.241, p<0.001)

and network (=0.753, p<0.1) were significant in

the success of Muslim millennial SMEs at critical

values and corresponding importance. Examination

of the standardized beta value further shows the

positive effect of networking on the success of

Muslim millennial SMEs. It seems that motivation

and networking are factors that influence the

success of Muslim millennial SMEs. Therefore, the

first (H1) and Second (H2) tested hypotheses were

supported. As illustrated in Figure 2, it can be

confirmed about the factors that influence the

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Nadratun Nafisah Abdul Wahab,

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Siti Asma Mohd Rosdi, Nurul Fadly Habidin

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H1: =0.241*

H2: =0.753**

Note: *p<0.001, **p<0.1

success of Muslim millennial SMEs. In other

words, the success of Muslim millennial SMEs can

be realized by increasing the motivation and

network among Muslim millennials.

Table 3. Regression Result

Model

summary

R Square

0.567

Adjusted R

Square

0.560

ANOVA

76.059

Sig.

<0.001

Coefficients

Independent

Variables

Standardized

Beta

Sig.

Dependent

Variable:

Success

Motivation

0.241

1.807

0.076

Networking

0.753

1.868

0.001

Fig. 2: Model of Muslim Millennial SMEs Success

4 Discussion

The findings reveal a significant and positive effect

of motivation and networking on the success of

Muslim millennial SMEs, implying the ability to

bring business success. This study supports

previous research by Hartman and, [17] who

identified drive and success as critical components

of entrepreneurship. Motivation is a stimulus that

compels people to behave to achieve certain

objectives. Self-motivation is described as a

stimulus that allows individuals to run a business

with enthusiasm, creativity, invention, and

confidence to take calculated risks to benefit, either

financially or in other ways, [28]. [17] revealed that

four elements of motivation, namely independence,

desire for achievement, social recognition, and

financial benefits, all have a positive and significant

effect on survival success. Another study, [28]

revealed the great influence of self-efficacy on

entrepreneurial motivation.

Similarly, this study is supported through

networking as a factor that helps the success of

millennial SMEs. Many studies have shown the

great influence of networks on the success of small

and medium businesses, [34]. According to network

theory, networks have a positive correlation with

different elements of company performance.

Evidence shows the ability of owners to gain cost-

effective access to resources that are not easily

found, because networks provide value to their

members by enabling them to access the social

characteristics that exist in a network, [29]. In

addition, [16] stated that networks can increase the

firm's chances of survival because when

collaboration is done, it can enable small companies

to get business opportunities without having to bear

high costs for a business as a result of the

collaboration that is built. Moreover, the literature

shows a strong correlation between networks and

company growth. [8] identified a favorable

correlation between network development and

business growth, especially at the national and

international levels. While, [34] established a strong

correlation between networks and corporate

success. Therefore, the role of networks in the

success of millennial Muslim SMEs is important in

the current field of entrepreneurship.

5 Conclusion

Theoretically, this study provides empirical

evidence of the critical nature of entrepreneurial

spirit, which includes motivation and networking,

in the success of Muslim millennial SMEs.

Practically speaking, this study offers new insights

into how to deal with issues of concern to Muslim

millennial entrepreneurs, related to over-reliance on

business assistance from the government. In

particular, the Muslim Millennial SME Success

Model developed in this study suggests that to

ensure the progress and survival of SMEs, Muslim

millennial entrepreneurs must maintain their

motivation along with the development of the

organization. In order to increase the limit, that is to

increase the explanatory power of the model and

improve the generalizability, future studies may

want to test the effects of moderators, and

mediators or add independent variables, or increase

the study sample that was not implemented in this

study.

Acknowledgment:

Nadratun Nafisah Abdul Wahab is a Senior

Lecturer of Management, the Faculty of

Management and Economics, Universiti Pendidikan

Sultan Idris, Perak, Malaysia. The author would

like to thank The Ministry of Higher Education

(MOHE) for granting this research under the

Motivation

Networking

Muslim

Youth SME’s

Success

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DOI: 10.37394/23207.2023.20.100

Nadratun Nafisah Abdul Wahab,

Siti Nur Zahirah Omar, Zuraidah Zainol,

Siti Asma Mohd Rosdi, Nurul Fadly Habidin

E-ISSN: 2224-2899

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Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) and

Research Innovation Management Centre (RIMC)

Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. This article is

under FRGS grant research, (Project ID: 18915,

Grant Code: FRGS/1-2020/SS0/UPSI/02/2).

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Siti Nur Zahirah Omar, Zuraidah Zainol,

Siti Asma Mohd Rosdi, Nurul Fadly Habidin

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Contribution of Individual Authors to the

Creation of a Scientific Article (Ghostwriting

Policy)

The authors equally contributed in the present

research, at all stages from the formulation of the

problem to the final findings and solution.

Sources of Funding for Research Presented in a

Scientific Article or Scientific Article Itself

This article is under FRGS grant research, (Project

ID: 18915, Grant Code: FRGS/1-

2020/SS0/UPSI/02/2).

Conflict of Interest

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

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DOI: 10.37394/23207.2023.20.100

Nadratun Nafisah Abdul Wahab,

Siti Nur Zahirah Omar, Zuraidah Zainol,

Siti Asma Mohd Rosdi, Nurul Fadly Habidin

E-ISSN: 2224-2899

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