Research Articles - Invention Patents Equilibrium; Research
Integration, Spatiotemporal Development Strategy, and Circular
Economy
A. D. ZISOPOULOS1, G. K. BRONI1, N. D. KARTALIS1, K. G. PANITSIDIS2
1Department of International and European Economic Studies,
University of Western Macedonia,
Kila University Campus, Kozani 50100,
GREECE
2Department of Management Science and Technology,
Faculty of Economics,
University of Western Macedonia,
Kila University Campus, Kozani 50100,
GREECE
Abstract: Scientific researchers usually announce their achievements in conferences, magazines, and patent
offices. Our study was initiated to improve the ascending ratio of research article publishing versus invention
patent filing. World development relies, amongst others, upon two innovation indicators, the volume of Patent
applications and the number of Scientific journal articles. To avoid data inconsistencies for our research, we
created a new dataset with e corresponding data from different sources like WIPO, OECD, EU, EPO, and
SCIMAGO. All primary external data after our calculations created an externally published dataset. After annual
and country data analysis, we found irregularities in specific areas like University commercialization, country-
specific drawbacks, possible patent troll pursuit, and unexplained gratification for investments through patenting.
These results need further clarification at regional patent offices. Our main target was to raise the applied
research country impact through patentability. To achieve it, we propose several specific actions. The
homogenization of
paper/patent
worlds
under
LATEX;
the
evolvement
of
the
”claims”
patent
document
into
a
lawful
Artificial
Intel
ligence supplement; and a Patent Stock Exchange as a Circular Economy sustainable asset.
Finally, after wandering around the fascinating world of articles and patents, we came to the political
correctness of research publishing. We extend the scientist’s effort in three steps. First, the initial research is
published in a Research Magazine. Simultaneously or after a maturity stage, a WIPO patent application must be
filed. Finally, as the third step, an ”after-Patent” more mature research again in a research magazine.
Key-Words: Research and development, Information Retrieval, Industrialization, Patent commodification,
Patent Claims, Evaluation in Education, Knowledge Management, Economy Circularity, University
Commercialization, JEL C23; I22; O14; O30; O31; O32
Received: June 25, 2022. Revised: October 19, 2022. Accepted: November 16, 2022. Published: December 13, 2022.
1 Introduction
Multidimensional Research synopsis headlines
are:
•
Research publication vs. invention patent ratio as
an industrialization indicator.
•
Several unexpected irregularities in the
paper/patent ratio.
•
New Patent and paper ”CLAIMS” entity
adaptation to the Artificial Intelligence era.
•
Unexpected-disappointing paper/patent ratio of
276 for high-ranked countries.
•
University commodification through Patent rights
and stock market platform.
1.1
Antithetical Wars for Science,
Technology, and Development
Every human action, idea, proposal, or
development affects present-day and future
generations. Usually, there are imperfections,
inconveniences, weaknesses, and failings.
Nevertheless, human beings’ «free will» is the
cornerstone of our life as described in the Bible
book Genesis seventy-eight centuries ago. A long
later, Socrates, in his Crito Dialogues, said that ”we
do not care about the opinion of the Many”, [24].
Today, during Pascal’s times, Physics teaches us
that universe’s internal balance keeps running
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS
DOI: 10.37394/23207.2022.19.175
A. D. Zisopoulos, G. K. Broni, N. D. Kartalis,
K. G. Panitsidis
E-ISSN: 2224-2899
1956
Volume 19, 2022
through opposing forces. Recently Econo-physics
applied to regional development design, research,
and patenting factors, [23], along with
interdisciplinary approaches like sustainability and
invention patents, [39].
Furthermore, there are increasing text
similarities in papers and patents, [45]. Our initial
study found the inconsistencies in the Research
Articles vs. Invention Patent ratio as a statistically
valuable phenomenon for economic development
and international cooperation. The scientist, first of
all, must be free to select his work vehicle. The
selection has two decisions patent profit lovers and
idealistic article publishing fanatics.
For our research, we attempt a summary of
current definitions as seen from a strategic point of
view:
•
Google Search machine based on an accumulated
statistical consultation of past search attempts.
•
SCOPUS facilitates the research quality in an open
association of publishers and magazines.
•
WIPO (World Intellectual Property) invention
Patent repository hosts world innovation and grants
exclusive preferential rights to the academic
community and companies.
•
Federal Trade Commission’s Bureau of
Competition (USA), along with the Directorate-
General (DG) for Competition (EU), both guard
our free market economy with various antitrust
laws.
•
The European Association for Quality Assurance in
Higher Education (ENQUA) and similar agencies
worldwide facilitate educational accreditation.
•
Libraries want everything under their control and
power.
1.2
Multidimensional Interacted Forces
All of the above try to manipulate world research
and innovation in a contradictory direction. Given
the size of the above monopolies, in most cases, two
enemies face antagonistic conflicts. The ”tug of
war” game is played with different participants
according to the application and expected benefits.
All parties play the ”tug” of Freewill, but
everybody instead means internal only freedom.
Google temporarily blocks certain subjects and
ideas through GDPR, while ENQUA supports more
standardization of Education than evolution and
revolution. In some cases, academic freedom and
democratic university functioning are violated by
archaic, primitive actions, downgrading researchers
into ochlocracy, [16]. George Bernard Shaw’s
quotation dominates the ”tug” of research and
teaching concerns, ”He who can, does; he who
cannot, teaches”, [22]. The game of Research
Publishing transferred from publishing to indexing.
Competing parties here are SCOPUS, Google,
Universities, and Libraries, while WIPO only
watches its monopoly.
Fig. 1: Tug of war between Research Articles and
Invention Patents
Finally, the perpetual ”tug” of the politically
correct ratio between antipodes of Research
Articles and Invention did not gain awareness so
far, with one exception, [28]. Papers and patents
both look similar, but an abyss separates them.
Figure 1 presents the players of the popular game
of ”tug of war”. Many contesting powers join their
forces accordingly:
•
On the left side: Bible, SCOPUS, Google,
Competition Authorities, Universities, and Libraries.
•
On the right side are shown: WIPO, EPO, Global
Monopolies, and Cartels.
1.3
From WIPO to Scopus through
Google
Google Search is helpful in innovation and
research, while patenting is adequate and only for
brainstorming. Figure 1 shows various players in a
push-pull schema. It is challenging to define bad or
good players in the contest. The actual patent
application requires an increasing level of free
thinking and inspiration. Paper-Patent worlds have
communicated since Google Scholar migrated
recently superficially with patents. Various
researchers cover simple Intellectual rights in
Libraries to complex Intellectual properties ruling
the industries of our world, [48]. A few answers and
improvements over Intellectual property
Legislation by Larsen, [29], are :
1.
Research articles have short life primarily due
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS
DOI: 10.37394/23207.2022.19.175
A. D. Zisopoulos, G. K. Broni, N. D. Kartalis,
K. G. Panitsidis
E-ISSN: 2224-2899
1957
Volume 19, 2022
to the widespread indexing and delivering
information like the Internet and Scopus.
2.
Patent 20-year preferential rights are not social
rights, which the consumer finally pays.
3.
Open technology evolution.
4.
Existing technology is an obstacle to new
patents.
1.4
First WIPO, then SCOPUS
University commodification inspires researchers
and professors to apply for an invention patent. For
our research, we partially follow successfully the
rule ”FIRST WIPO THEN SCOPUS”. Of course, it
is not always the golden rule, but sometimes the
ethical reward is much more than the prize of an
actual 24 Carat gold bullion.
The most current research on the subject
correlates higher levels of research productivity
with commercialization, entrepreneurial
orientation, crowdfunding, and crowdsourced
research and development, [4], [6], [12], [32].
One of the following steps is severe research on
article/patent impact similar to real-world data from
Scopus and WIPO, [8].
2 Media and Methods
2.1
Article/Patent Analogy according
to World Bank Indicators
Two major research articles for the paper/patent
concept were studied. Pereira analyzed the same
idea in a vast dataset with minimal patent coverage,
[11]. WIPO reports that 15 million patents were in
force globally in 2019, which is only 0.0014
percent of the corpus, and it was a giant work. In a
linguistics rime, Ferreira conducted more generic
research with significant findings in University and
company patent filing behavior, [15]. In addition, a
recent study proved that the h-index evaluation
method needs reconsideration, [25]. We focus on
the temporospatial mode for the relationship
between the two central research pylons: research
articles and invention patents.
The World Bank released a complete list of
economic indicators for 189 countries, [51]. Their
initial data fed our dataset with numerous sheets in
the first (1) data file, [53]. We avoided preprocessed
data, and we used raw numeric data in our dataset,
isolating only two indicators:
•
Number of Patent applications, resident’s indicator
(code 2012)
•
Number of Scientific and technical journal articles
(code 2012)
Simple calculations of how many papers in a
country in a given year correspond to a filed patent.
The results were verified through textual analysis
of the European Patent Office, SCIMAGO site,
Research Funding agencies, and professor opinion.
The ten countries with the maximum
paper/patent ratio are listed in table 1. These
countries are not the worst and, of course, not the
best. Every nation has its development strategy,
and OECD and WIPO SCIMAGO retain only a
consultancy role. A worldwide view of the
paper/patent indicator is in figure 2. The results
were astonishing and far beyond expectations. To
evaluate the results, we proceed with a more
accurate statistical method.
Table 1. The ten countries with the worst
Paper/Patent ratio.
country
ratio
Pakistan
34.3
Tunisia
27.9
Portugal
24.8
Algeria
22.5
Belgium
20.6
Venezuela, RB
19.0
Lithuania
19.0
Greece
18.5
Saudi Arabia
17.9
Bangladesh
17.8
Fig. 2: Countries classification according to
Article/Patent Ratio (WORLD bank)
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS
DOI: 10.37394/23207.2022.19.175
A. D. Zisopoulos, G. K. Broni, N. D. Kartalis,
K. G. Panitsidis
E-ISSN: 2224-2899
1958
Volume 19, 2022
2.1.1 Patent/Paper Ratio Normalized with
Min-Max Scaling Methods
A more appropriate approach to compare patents
with papers is to normalize the data with the min-
max scaling method. The normalized score
calculation is: X new = (X — X min)/ (X max — X
min). Their initial data fed our dataset as Python
authoring in the fourth (4) data file, [53]. Figure 3
indicates the general layout where all countries are
in the lower right corner, and the best countries are
high above the left. Countries like the USA, China,
Japan, Korea, and Germany differentiate from the
others. For example, USA and China have higher
scores for patents and papers than others. In figure
4, the ten countries with the best and worst scores
are shown.
Fig. 3: Scattering points with normalized score
calculation for Patent/Article (WORLD bank data)
Greece’s position is 27th of 56 countries, just in the
middle of the score tables. Greece elevated from
the previous last-but-two place in the universe to a
descent mid-place in the world ranking.
Unfortunately, Greece’s position is getting worse in
the following statistical category. Fortunately, from
advanced funds management view, Greece is in the
most admirable position in case of adoption, not
current, not next but ”after next-generation
technology”.
Fig. 4: Normalized score best and ”worst”
countries for patent/paper ratio
2.2
Article/patent Ratio according to
Global Innovation Index
Fig. 5: Worldwide Countries’ paper/patent ranking
Fig. 6: Selected Countries article, H-index, PCT
patent ratio (Global Innovation Index)
The Global Innovation Index (GII), released in
September 2021, provides the current status of
global innovation ecosystem performance in more
than 130 economies, [13]. The GII data fed our
dataset with numerous sheets in the second(2) data
file, [53]. The main difference from the previous
dataset is that data are given in bn PPP USD GDP.
From this source, we select three Innovation
Output Sub-indexes:
Indicator code 6.1.2.PCT patents by origin/bn
PPP USD GDP.
Indicator code 6.1.4.Scientific and technical
articles/bn PPP USD GDP.
Indicator code 6.1.5.Citable documents H-
index.
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS
DOI: 10.37394/23207.2022.19.175
A. D. Zisopoulos, G. K. Broni, N. D. Kartalis,
K. G. Panitsidis
E-ISSN: 2224-2899
1959
Volume 19, 2022
Four different countries were selected for
presentation purposes. Switzerland holds the top
worldwide position in GII classification, Turkey
and Greece have similar economies, and Cyprus
presents an astonishingly excellent ranking.
Figure 5 shows the initial country ranking in the
GII classification. Figure 6 demonstrates the
country performance ratio in the four generated
sub-indexes for the four countries.
1.
article/patent
2.
article/PCTpatent
3.
H-index/patent
4.
H-index/PCTpatent
The graph maintains our knowledge from the
previous methodology with minor exceptions:
1.
Switzerland is the only innovation power in
the universe.
2.
Turkey, in position 41 in the world, achieves
an outstanding paper/patent ratio.
3.
Cyprus, in position 28 on the innovation
index, is very far away in this context.
4.
From the world overall position 47, Greece
has five times worse numbers than the Swiss
and two than Turkey.
The authors watch similar results in area
conferences and business opportunities daily to
compare research results with real-world
economic and political development actions.
2.3 Research Articles and Granted
Invention Patents Ratio according to
European Patent Office
Fig. 7: European Patent Office paper/filed patent
ratio for selected countries
Fig. 8: European Patent Office paper/patent ratio in
Logarithmic scale
Patents data received from OECD iLibrary, [37],
and processed through the dataset file number three
(3), [53]. We keep the Research article’s annual
numbers the same as the previous calculation,
mostly SCIMAGO tables. For patent data, we
investigated two sets with data collection started in
the year 1978 in very few countries:
1.
Patent applications to the European Patent Office
(EPO);
2.
Patents granted by the EPO;
Not all patent quotations represent accurate
intercountry accurate data. The dataset counts
various patenting options: Patents filed to EPO,
Patents granted by EPO, filed to USPTO, granted
by the USPTO, filed under PCT, and Patents
belonging to Triadic Patent Family. There is an
overlapping here, with patents filed to three
bureaus, but this is not crucial for our research.
Regional EPO offices have the exact figures but
our data set is still a fast, very close estimation. For
our preliminary study, we selected the filed (not
granted) patents in EPO from four Countries:
Germany as the leader in everything, Switzerland
as the top Innovation Country, Türkiye, and
Greece. Figure 7 describes the paper/patent ratio
for a decade. Likewise, a logarithmic presentation
in figure 8 shows the vast difference of over two
orders of magnitude.
2.4 Paper/Patent ratio Irregularities for
Greece
Usually, University management finds patent data
inaccurate. We use WIPO, SCIMAGO, and
internal
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS
DOI: 10.37394/23207.2022.19.175
A. D. Zisopoulos, G. K. Broni, N. D. Kartalis,
K. G. Panitsidis
E-ISSN: 2224-2899
1960
Volume 19, 2022
Table 2. Article vs. Patent ratio for GREECE
year
Articles
ratio
2005
09226.77
212
2006
10605.54
270
2007
11151.57
280
2008
11817.55
253
2009
12102.77
255
2010
11994.49
468
2011
11958.26
256
2012
11924.42
209
2013
11881.18
210
2014
11664.94
207
2015
11237.15
298
2016
11156.77
425
average
278
Fig. 9: Globe research Privatization arrow
Mendeley datasets. They all have old patent data.
The latency was expected for many reasons. The
patent filing procedure for the first 18 months is not
public. Also, the average time to acquire a patent is
three years. After that time frame, national agencies
report data to the European patent Office. Finally,
data arrive at United Nations and OECD to
disseminate to the world authorities, [53]. We use a
more reliable ”granted data” indicator within the
same EPO dataset. Since the number of published
articles remains the same, the granted patents in
EPO offices are pretty different, [37]. Table 2
displays Greece’s annual rate for granted patents.
The research article versus granted Greek
Patents ratio for 2005-2016 is an astonishing
number of two hundreds-seventy-six. For the last
decade, 277 Greek scientists have worked on
Academic Research. The first two hundred
seventy-six got accreditation from SCOPUS for
their 276 papers, and only one (1) has a successfully
granted patent from EPO. Numbers cannot always
tell the truth, but such irregularities are valuable for
research policies.
3 New Media and Methodology
The current research’s next step is to connect the
association between product innovation and
marketing innovation, [43]. We propose three
distinct development steps as a result of the above
analysis:
1.
Patents as a Sustainable Asset
2.
Invention Patents Stock Exchange
3.
Latex for Patent Claims
3.1
Patents as a Sustainable Asset
of Circular Economy
Sustainability Journal defined new methods in
patent policy evaluation research in a particular
issue, [17].
On the other hand, the research deteriorates
patenting in the strictly University environment,
[49]. On the other hand, the subject is a vast and
absolute necessity for marketing and management
in the Academic domain. Therefore many scientists
presented more detailed works, [9], [19], [27].
On the center of all the Oceans, the USA
dominates, as a mother-born country, the Patent
industry with advanced privatized policies, [14]. In
figure 9, the arrow shows research privatization
growing. An empirical principle is that in the
straight geographical longitude line from the
church of Arkhangelsk Michael in Okhotnik to the
Westernmost point of the USA, University and PRI
research funding from State dissolves:
•
In Okhotnic Russia, the powerful central
government funds Universities and PRCs (Public
Research Centers) with 100 percent of the research
funds.
•
In Anchorage, USA, funding for research and
patents is mainly funded by private companies in
private or public strategies
The situation in Russia East evolved slightly to
the dominant model. A recent study indicated that
the influence of expenditures on technological
innovations and products is growing by Western
standards. [42].
USA leads the research funding with six product
development steps, as displayed in figure 10, as a
result of R-D sales and all over again, even
recursively, [18]. Patents lifetime Infographics
include:
1.
Basic and applied research.
2.
Patent filing.
3.
Sell the whole patent.
4.
Allocate partial production rights.
5.
Profit from commercial activity.
6.
Part of the profit is assigned all over to step 1.
In some countries and territories, instead of such
refeeding action, they prefer to keep the research
results on a beautiful, glorious bookshelf. As a
result, these countries are most likely to retain high
paper/patent ratings. It is obvious that research
articles are pure academic exercises, and nobility
comes after ”hateful money”.
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS
DOI: 10.37394/23207.2022.19.175
A. D. Zisopoulos, G. K. Broni, N. D. Kartalis,
K. G. Panitsidis
E-ISSN: 2224-2899
1961
Volume 19, 2022
Table 3. Research Articles and Invention patents
inte
gration
under
L
A
TEX
Research Articles
common tags
Invention Patent
-
Research Title
-
Short title
-
-
-
print agency
-
-
Abstract
-
JEL (partial)
Keywords
IPC
-
References
in text ref
NO
NEW claims
Claims
intext
Drawing
external file
Images
-
NO
Tables
Tables
tables in text
Dataset
-
NO
Citation
-
NO
DOI
-
No DOI
NO
-
Payment Schema
3.2
Invention Patents Stock Exchange
The original Environmental management Life
cycle assessment (LCA) ISO 14040 delineated
renewable tangible resources a century ago. Patent
Life Cycle Assessment (PLCA) borrows the
concept from the ISO definition, [31], and adapts
to the supernatural world with minor changes to the
original definition. Another study connects the
”Society 5.0” intellectual capital with the
economic security of enterprises, [21]. By no
means the Inventions Patents Stock Exchange is
based on Blockchain technology. The days of the
rich and anonymous passed the way, with
negative, [10], and positive opinions, [40]. The
PLCA stock market must be a WIPO-owned stock
market from all these definitions. It would be the
first United Nations property stock market. There
automatically, everyone could sell and purchase
innovative items like:
1.
identifying opportunities to improve the
holistic technology performance of
machinery, factories, and consumer products
at all stages of their life,
2.
informing decision-makers in Worldwide
Authorities, international industry, and local
government,
3.
Irrevocably adopting existing and innovative
indicators for patent evaluation techniques,
4.
Creation of an invention patent stock
exchange for profitable intellectual property
trading.
5.
Integration Marketing with its various
forms one-to-one marketing, and
Quantum Marketing.
Fig. 10: The Patent Life Cycle Assessment
Such a patent stock market’s ”LCA” feature
increases total patent awareness. Production
companies could use old technology or technology
to offer new products and services. We propose
various forms of intellectual space representation.
The most recent uses mathematical modeling,
innovation and project management, and
organizational design, [36]. A replica of any Stock
Exchange is enough but QFS, [7], [40], would
boost the new patent stock market with new
monetary tools.
4 Discussion
4.1
L
ATEX
for
Patents
For similar research, [52], we found unforeseen
advantages and new options for email in university
research, [38]. Since a Simple Mail Transfer
Protocol (SMTP) has many applications, something
more complex like LATEX and Artificial
Intelligence could start a revolution. One of the
differences between Publishing Articles and
Patents is authoring procedures, [1], [5]. The
authoring and writing timeline started in 1968 with
”ed, vi, nroff and troff” and fin
ished
in
1983
with
L
A
TEX
and
Microsoft
Word.
One
step back and two
ahead, Elsevier recently adopted
LATEX is the primary format for almost all
Research Articles in its dominant Research Space,
[26]. A small preliminary homogenization step of
the search and patent worlds denotes a giant step
for integrating Business and Science. A comparison
of a unified research layout for papers and patents
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS
DOI: 10.37394/23207.2022.19.175
A. D. Zisopoulos, G. K. Broni, N. D. Kartalis,
K. G. Panitsidis
E-ISSN: 2224-2899
1962
Volume 19, 2022
appears in table 3. The standard entity chapters are
in the middle, while the right and left sides present
unique existing
entities.
The
old
L
A
TEX
is
closer
to
our
new
uni
fied space Proposal standard for papers
and patents.
The benefits of such a
unification/migration/evolution, [44], are:
•
A
practical
step
for
a scientist
writing
in
L
A
TEX
only
for research articles and invention patents.
•
A pleasant unified standard text layout for all
scientists without blatant exaggerations.
•
A major step to knowledge retrieval systems that
could handle the chunk of information more
efficiently.
•
A giant step for Artificial Intelligence systems with
automated interrelation and engineering, [2].
We do not expect this radical proposal to be
endorsed initially. Small steps in Scopus and WIPO
are possible, but we propose evolution instead
revolution.
4.2
Patent Claim Rationalization
The
above
L
A
TEX
table
indicates
the
article’s
superi
ority over patents in meaningful discourse in
all aspects of research dissemination. The main
issue here is that the Patent ”Claims” structure is
legacy, archaic, older than two centuries, but still
valuable, [35], [47]. Therefore, the adoption of a new
claims section is necessary, [33], to:
•
Boost productivity through patent rights selling.
•
Facilitates the Understanding between researchers.
•
Search in information systems and semantics in
Artificial Intelligence engines.
•
Digital transformation actions.
The claims document/sector for patent/paper needs
adaptation to our times in a more structured form.
The patent Claims section needs reconsideration.
For example, in a recent patent, our seven claims
were violated initially by the evaluator agency from
a similar patent with seven pages of claims, [3]. In
that case, a significant company attempted, in an
aggressive claim, the whole universe, [20]. Apart
from this story, there are very effective ways to
formulate a decent claim document, [30]. The Lee
and Hsiang method could be studied as the initial
step to reconfigure the claims section of future
patent applications. The claims document/sector for
patent/paper needs adaptation to our times in a more
structured form. We work currently on a proposal to
the international community to reform the “Claims
Document” according to this research:
•
Focus more on Law aspects than technology.
•
Based on Info-Linguistics existing and future
knowledge.
•
The automatic formulation of a knowledge tree
based on WIPO numbering, [50].
•
Under a micro-funding development Schema.
We propose a claims chapter in the research
magazine industry, primarily due to the need for a
governing body. Since patent (and article) claims
started, they will evolve into a huge business.
4.3
Population as an Asset for
Country Quotation
A great Global Currency Reset is a possible
monetary situation with many thrilling actions and
questions, [41], [52].
According to internal documents, one solution
to the international debt crisis is to use a country-
specific formula for a quota in the new monetary
system, [7], [46]. Assets include classic ground and
gold assets, population, and other resources. At this
point in history, a specific citizen education level
would be needed. Papers and Patent indicators in
absolute and relational numbers will be a necessity.
5 Conclusions
We disagree with Marshall McLuhan that
”technologies are the messages”, [34], but this
does not change the preferences of the research
community that effectively believe that the
medium is the message. Researchers express their
radical scientific opinion in a magazine, but they
all refuse to shift to a despicable profit option in a
Patent Office.
The article/patent ratio analyzed above in time
and space revealed a helpful conclusion. We
recommend actions to be adopted:
•
University commercialization through patent
submission in a handful of countries is necessary.
Greece, for example, lives once more in his
Pericles Golden Age with significant research
achievements while assigning innovation and
development to other less glorious countries.
•
Generally, first-class countries remain first in all
indicators, but the paper/patent indicator rings the
bell in several cases.
•
Many irregularities are found in statistical data
that point out dangerous economic coincidences in
the future due to pap/pat anomalies.
•
Ratio inconsistency is also caused by statistical
data adaptation along various collecting methods
and systems.
We propose three large-scale improvements in the
research and patent market:
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS
DOI: 10.37394/23207.2022.19.175
A. D. Zisopoulos, G. K. Broni, N. D. Kartalis,
K. G. Panitsidis
E-ISSN: 2224-2899
1963
Volume 19, 2022
Fig. 11: Management EQUILIBRIUM Graphical
Abstract
1.
The Patent Stock Exchange market, an
exact copy of any other Stock market.
2.
The Patent Stock Exchange with the QFS
investment money market.
3.
Research Article and Invention Patent
migration and endorsement of typical or
similar research appearance.
4.
Regeneration of “Claims Document” in
Patents in a modern computer-supported
Artificial Intelligence entity.
To achieve this result, we evaluated several
options. Our final opinion is that research will
continue to be based on Scopus but with the life-
preservation attributes that invention patents have.
In conclusion, the researcher’s effort must follow
three steps. The first step is when he publishes
preliminary research in Scopus Magazine. The
second must be a profitable WIPO patent
application. The final third step is again a reputable
Research Magazine hosting an ”after-Patent” more
mature research opinion.
These proposals are not a global management
solution. Moreover, the commercialization has
drawbacks like Research commercialization,
problems in the patents office from increased
patent production, and Science hetero-
determination.
The graphical abstract 11 presents by
exaggerating one patent with 276 Scopus (relatively
”light”) articles but altogether elevates Scopus
paper payload Seven times more than United
Nations’ WIPO.
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Contribution of Individual Authors to the
Creation of a Scientific Article (Ghostwriting
Policy)
Athanasios Zisopoulos worked on the initial dataset
creation data mining and curation in all chapters,
along with the Economy circularity concept and
Latex and patent stock exchange options.
Georgia Broni inspired the free will concept in
chapter 1, co-authored the Mendeley dataset, and
she partially supported overall authoring and
chapter 5. Nikos Kartalis worked on chapter 2 on
Scopus systems, established the Stock exchange
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Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
(Attribution 4.0 International, CC BY 4.0)
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
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n_US
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS
DOI: 10.37394/23207.2022.19.175
A. D. Zisopoulos, G. K. Broni, N. D. Kartalis,
K. G. Panitsidis
E-ISSN: 2224-2899
1966
Volume 19, 2022