Compliance and Awareness as Mediation Variables on the Influence of

Utility and Trust of Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement on the Traffic

Habit

M. FAHRI ANGGIA, ABDUL HAKIM, MARDIYONO, SOLIMUN

Administrative Doctoral Program

University of Brawijaya

St. MT. Haryono

INDONESIA

Abstract: - Road safety is the most important and main thing in traffic management. This is the shared

responsibility of all elements of the nation, including regulators, law enforcement, road users, and so on. Based

on this background, the purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the direct effect of Compliance and

Awareness as mediating variables on the Effect of Utility and Trust in Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement on

Behavior. The analysis of this research uses a survey method conducted at the intersection of Jalan Merdeka

Selatan, Gambir, Central Jakarta. The population in this study were road users, namely four-wheeled drivers

who passed the Jalan Merdeka Selatan intersection. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling.

The nine hypotheses gave a decision to reject the null hypothesis which means significant, meaning that each

variable has a direct and significant effect on each other, namely: ETLE utility affects Compliance, Awareness,

and Habits directly and significantly; ETLE trust directly and significantly influences Compliance, Awareness,

and Habits; Compliance directly and significantly affects Consciousness and Habits; Awareness directly and

significantly influences Habits. ETLE utility indirectly and significantly affects Compliance, Awareness, and

Habits. ETLE trust indirectly and significantly influences Compliance, Awareness, and Habits. Compliance has

an indirect and significant effect on Awareness and Habits. Develop a Habits in Traffic model defined by ETLE

Utility and Trust mediated by Compliance and Awareness. The authenticity of this study can be seen in the

indirect effect where there is still no research with the direction of such relationships and variables.

Key-Words: - Awareness, Compliance, Road safety, Habit, Trust of ETLE, Utility of ETLE

Received: June 20, 2021. Revised: December 18, 2021. Accepted: January 17, 2022. Published: January 18, 2022.

1 Introduction

Road safety is the most important and major

concern in traffic management. This is the joint

responsibility of all elements of the nation,

including regulators, law enforcers, road users, and

so on. All should jointly help each other to achieve

this. Network traffic monitoring is a collection of

techniques used sequentially to determine the nature

of traffic per packet or flow rate. In addition, the

network is monitored based on traffic statistics and

network analysis depending on the availability of

network traffic measurements [1]. With today's

high-speed life, traffic jams are an urgent issue to

talk about and avoid. Traffic congestion causes a

decrease in the productivity of individuals and

society because most of the productive working

hours are wasted in traffic lanes. The increasing

number of road vehicles, limited road infrastructure,

and the unreasonable spread of signaling systems

are causing frequent congestion on roads today [2].

One of the things that are very important and

closely related to road safety is the compliance of

road users with traffic rules and regulations. The

more people obey the traffic rules and regulations,

the fewer traffic accidents or safety on the road will

increase. Therefore, community traffic compliance

must always be improved, and it is hoped that it will

become a habit over time. If this has been achieved,

it is believed that traffic accidents will be reduced or

road safety will increase.

The government in trying to improve safety,

security, and comfort on the road has made various

efforts. Several policies have been formulated and

implemented. One of them is technology utilization,

namely ETLE (Electronic Traffic Law

Enforcement). This policy is expected to increase

the compliance of road users with traffic

regulations. The expected output is that public

awareness will increase, and then good social order

will be formed. On the other hand, the expected

outcome is that the community becomes accustomed

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to obeying the traffic rules and regulations.

However, how successful the policy implementation

is, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth and

scientific study through a research activity. If the

implementation of the policy is successful, it is

expected and believed to be able to reduce accidents

and improve traffic safety.

Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE) is

a traffic law enforcement system based on

information technology using an electronic device in

the form of a camera which can detect various types

of traffic violations and present motor vehicle data

automatically (Automatic Number Plate

Recognition). ETLE camera recordings can be used

as evidence in a traffic violation case. There is an

orientation behind the implementation of electronic

ticketing using ETLE cameras are to reducing traffic

violations and efforts to increase the value of non-

tax state revenue from ticket fines. ETLE is

expected to reduce the number of traffic violations.

Motorists must obey all traffic regulations if they do

not want to be sent a "love letter" by the police. The

public generally only wants legal certainty, and law

enforcement in principle must be able to provide

benefits or use (Utility) for the community. In

addition, the community expects law enforcement to

achieve justice. However, we cannot deny that what

is considered useful (sociologically) is not

necessarily fair, and vice versa, what is considered

fair (philosophically) is not necessarily useful for

society [3].

Orderly traffic in Indonesia is a big problem

that requires the support and cooperation of all

parties. Community support and cooperation in

supporting the police's duties can be seen in the

form of trust given. Public trust in the police is very

important. Public trust must also be supported by

the seriousness of the police in handling the various

traffic. Trust is a basic component of forming

cooperative relationships [4].

An orderly society can only be achieved if each

individual carries out his obligations and receives

his rights from others. With the existence of Utility

and Trust for ETLE, it is hoped that they can

provide understanding to the community in obeying

the prevailing traffic regulations to form a social

order. Social order is a condition in which social

relations between community members are

harmonious in accordance with the values and

norms in society. Social order is basically the order

of society, which is governed by moral rules [5].

Based on the descriptions that have been

explained, it is necessary to harmonize the ETLE

concept in Indonesia, especially Jakarta. With the

change in the system with ETLE (Electronic Traffic

Law Enforcement), this study aims to examine trust

as a habit through the mediation of compliance,

awareness, and social order, as well as culture as

moderation.

2 Literature Review

2.1 Utility of ETLE

Fahmi's research (2016) examines the utility of the

implementation of the 1945 Constitution in general

elections. Fahmi (2016) found that general elections

should have a high utility for the community, if

implemented in accordance with the mandate of the

1945 Constitution. For the Utilatarianism school,

actions are right if they are proportional to their

tendency to encourage happiness, and wrong if

proportional to their tendency to produce the

opposite of happiness. At least, there are two main

principles contained in the teachings of this school,

namely: 1) The purpose of life is happiness; and 2)

The truth of an action is measured by how much it

contributes to the achievement of happiness.

2.2 Trust of ETLE

Trust, in the concept of public administration, is a

sense of trust in the policy object (society) towards

the implementer of the policy

(government/bureaucrats). Trust can also influence

the community in implementing and respecting

government policies. Without trust, a policy may

only become a theory without clear practice.

Tepe's research [6] tried to find out people's

trust in public services in the United States. Trusts

tested include the point of view of humanities

students, who are expected to be more sensitive to

social issues. This research showed that trust boosts

the implementation of public policies significantly.

According to Moorman [7], trust is defined as the

desire to give something to a trusted partner. This

opinion can illustrate research conducted by

Rotter's, which stated that trust is the general

expectation that individuals have that the words that

come from other parties are reliable. When a person

makes a decision, he will prefer decisions based on

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the choices of people whom he can trust more than

those who are less trusted. Trust is very important

for a commitment or promise, and commitment can

only be realized if it means something.

Morgan and Hunt [8] in Darsono &

Dharmmesta [9] stated that when one party has

confidence that the other party involved in the

exchange has reliability and integrity, it can be said

that there is trust. Trust is important in having an

interpersonal relationship. Scientifically, trust is

defined as relying on the behavior of other

individuals to achieve the desired goals, whose

achievement is uncertain and in a situation full of

risks (Giffin, in Rakhmat [10]).

Zalabak, et al. [11] explained that there are five

key dimensions of trust, namely: ability, openness,

attention, reliability, and identification. So, based on

the definition described above, the definition of trust

is the willingness of the community to accept the

police based on the positive expectation that the

police have the ability, are open, have a concern, are

reliable, and reflect their institution.

2.3 Compliance

According to Rosana [12], obedience is the

perception and loyalty of the community to the law,

which is usually applied as a result of living

together (the rules of the game), where loyalty

manifests itself in the form of actions such as:

Follow the rules. Law (between das sein and das

sollen are the same thing). Compliance according to

Hartono [13] is the attitude of trust between

individuals towards others and acceptance of other

people's demands and one's actions to carry out

orders or requests from others. There are several

factors that cause people to comply with the law

[14], namely: (1) Compliance; (2) Identification; (3)

Internalization; (4) Interests of the citizens are

guaranteed by existing legal institutions.

2.4 Awareness

Awareness comes from the word aware, which

means being aware, feeling, knowing, or

understanding [15]. Aware means knowing,

realizing, and feeling. Awareness means realization,

a state of understanding, what a person feels or

experiences. Legal awareness can mean conviction,

the condition of someone who really understands

what law is, the function, and the role of law for

himself and the community around him.

Mertokusumo [16] stated that legal awareness

means awareness of what we should do or what we

shouldn't do, especially towards other people. This

means awareness of our legal obligations towards

others.

According to Soekanto [17], high legal

awareness will make community members obey the

applicable legal provisions. However, if legal

awareness is very low, then the level of law

obedience is not high either. Soekanto also pointed

out four elements of legal awareness, namely: (1)

Legal regulations; (2) Legal acquaintance; (3) Legal

attitude; (4) Legal behavior patterns.

2.5 Habit

Habit has two meanings, namely: something that is

usually done and a pattern for responding to certain

situations that an individual learns and does

repeatedly for the same thing. Actions that are often

repeated will certainly become a habit. If the habit is

repeated, it will certainly become one's character.

Furthermore, the character becomes a stamp of that

person by practicing the same action, so a person

has a certain personality.

Said [18] argues that a habit is something that is

repeated without reason over and over again, in the

same way, most of the time, or something inherent

in the soul something that happens repeatedly and is

accepted naturally. It can be concluded that people

make habits without thinking because they are

rooted in the human mind and become human

nature. If people have the habit of obeying the rules,

then this habit will be seen in the regular traffic on

the highway.

3 Research Method

The approach in this research was a quantitative

approach by using the survey method. The

population of this study was road users, namely

four-wheeled drivers who pass the Intersection of

Merdeka Selatan street, Gambir, Central Jakarta.

The sampling technique was nonprobability

sampling, considering that the population is infinite,

so there is no sampling frame (list of sample

members). The side technique was a combination of

quota sampling and accidental sampling to obtain an

overall sample of n = 200 drivers. Variable

measurement in this study used a questionnaire with

Likert scale. The response items were on a scale

ranging from 1 to 5. Two analyzes were conducted,

namely descriptive analysis and SEM. The

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following are the research conceptual model which

is presented in Figure 1.

Utility of ETLE

(X1)

Compliance

(Y1)

Awareness

(Y2)

Habit (Y3)

H1

H2

H7

H8

H9

Trust of ETLE

(X2)

H4

H5

H3

H6

Fig 1. Research Conceptual Model

The following is the research hypothesis:

H1. Utility of ETLE has a significant effect on

Compliance

H2. Utility of ETLE has a significant effect on

Awareness

H3. Utility of ETLE has a significant effect on Habit

H4. Trust of ETLE has a significant effect on

Compliance

H5. Trust of ETLE has a significant effect on

Awareness

H6. Trust of ETLE has a significant effect on Habit

H7. Compliance has a significant effect on

Awareness

H8. Compliance has a significant effect on Habit

H9. Awareness has a significant effect on Habit.

4 Result

Data from the questionnaire were analyzed using

GSCA. Variables, ETLE Utility, ETLE Trust,

Compliance, and Awareness using a reflective

indicator model. The reflective indicator model in

the measurement model obtained the magnitude of

the loading factor coefficient which serves to

determine which indicator is the strongest in

reflecting these variables. The greater the coefficient

of the loading factor, the greater the indicator that

measures the variables. Table 1 is the outer loading

table and the mean of the research variables.

Table 1. Variable Measurement

Variable

Indicator

Outer

Loading

Mean

Indicator

Utility of

ETLE (X1)

Possesion Utility

(X.1.1)

0.846

4.69

Goal Utilty

(X.1.2)

0.858

4.62

Place Utilty

(X.1.3)

0.856

4.47

Fom Utilty

(X.1.4)

0.831

4.65

Time Utility

(X.1.5)

0.833

4.62

Actualiation

Utility (X.1.6)

0.878

4.57

Trust of

ETLE (X2)

Shared Value

(X.2.1)

0.917

4.49

Communication

(X.2.2)

0.921

4.59

Opportunistic

Behaviour

Control (X.2.3)

0.922

4.58

Compliance

(Y1)

The personal

tendency to be

honest (Y1.1.1)

0.904

4.65

Awareness

(Y2)

Awareness that

orderly traffic is

a form of

participation in

supporting

national

development

(Y.2.1)

0.941

4.67

The awareness

that disorderly

traffic is very

detrimental

(Y.2.2)

0.948

4.64

The awareness

that traffic order

is established by

law and can be

enforced (Y.2.3)

0.942

4.65

Habit (Y3)

Order (Y.3.1)

0.762

4.66

Human Nature

(Y.3.2)

0.774

4.62

Response

(Y.3.3)

0.825

3.91

Behavior (Y.3.4)

0.500

2.41

Based on Table 1, it can be seen that Utility of

ETLE is measured by six indicator which shows that

the indicator with most dominant effect in

measuring Utility of ETLE (X1) is Actualiation

Utility (X.1.6) with an outer loading value of 0.878

with a mean of 4.57. This indicates that the Utility

of ETLE in Jakarta society is already in the good

category. Furthermore, there are three significant

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measuring Trust of ETLE (X2) namely Shared

Value, Communication dan Opportunistic

Behaviour Control. Opportunistic Behaviour

Control (X.2.3) has an outer loading value of 0.922

with a mean of 4.58. This indicates that Trust of

ETLE in Jakarta society ih already in the good

category. Compliance (Y1) is measured

significantly by three indicators, namely the

personal tendency to be honest, the personal

tendency to feel always being watched, and the

personal tendency not to cheat. However, the

dominant indicator in measuring Compliance is the

personal tendency not to cheat (Y1.3) with an outer

loading value of 0.418 and a mean of 3.34. Next,

Awareness (Y2) is measured significantly by three

indicators has the dominant indicator with a value of

0.948 and a mean 4.64 which is owned by The

awareness that disorderly traffic is very detrimental

(Y.2.2). The last, Habit (Y3), the dominant indicator

is

Habit variable (Y3), the strongest measuring

indicator is Response (Y4.3) with an outer loading

value of 0.343 and a mean of 3.37. This shows that

the response of the community around the Jakarta

Metrojaya Police gave a good response to the

existence of ETLE..

4.1 Direct Effect Testing

Based on the test at Table 2, the results obtained that

the effect has a p-value of less than 0.05, which

means that the influence between research variables

is significant.

Table 2. Direct Effect Hypothesis Testing.

Variables

Coefficient

p-value

X1 → Y1

0,235

<0.001

X1 → Y2

0,118

0.045

X1 → Y3

0,231

<0.001

X2 → Y1

0,552

<0.001

X2 → Y2

0,557

<0.001

X2 → Y3

0,001

0.493

Y1 → Y2

0,207

0.001

Y1 → Y3

0,171

0.007

Y2 → Y3

0,498

<0.001

So that the following conclusions can be drawn.

1) Utility of ETLE (X1) has a significant effect

on Compliance (Y1) with a path coefficient

of 0.235 and p-value <0.001

2) Utility o f ETLE (X1) has a significant

effect on Awareness (Y2) with a path

coefficient of 0,118 and p-value 0.045

3) Utility of ETLE (X1) has a significant effect

on Habit (Y3) with a path coefficient of

0.231 and p-value <0.001

4) Trust of ETLE (X2) has a significant effect

on Compliance (Y1) with a path coefficient

of 0.552 and p-value <0.001

5) Trust of ETLE (X2) has a direct significant

effect on Awareness (Y2) with a path

coefficient of 0.0557 and p-value <0.001

6) Trust of ETLE (X2) has a direct significant

effect on Habit (Y3) with a path coefficient

of 0.001 and p-value 0.493

7) Compliance (Y1) has an indirect significant

effect on Awareness (Y2) with a path

coefficient of 0.207 and p-value 0.001

8) Compliance (Y1) has an indirect significant

effect on Habit (Y3) with a path coefficient

of 0.171 and p-value 0.007

Awareness (Y2) has an indirect significant

effect on Habit (Y3) with a path coefficient of 0.498

and p-value <0.001

4.2 Indirect Effect Testing

Based on the table 3, the result shows that the effect

has a p-value of less than 0.05, which means that the

influence between research variables is significant.

Table 3. Indirect Effect Hypothesis Testing.

Variables

Coefficient

p-value

X1 → Y1 → Y2

0.049

0.012

X1 → Y1 → Y3

0.059

0.038

X2 → Y1 → Y2

0.114

0.040

X2 → Y1 → Y3

0.094

0.006

X2 → Y2 → Y3

0.277

0.000

Y1 → Y2 → Y3

0.103

0.036

So that the following conclusions can be drawn.

1) Utility of ETLE (X1) has an indirect

significant effect on Awareness (Y2)

through Compliance (Y1) with a path

coefficient of 0.049 and a p-value of 0.012

2) Utility of ETLE (X1) has an indirect

significant effect on Habit (Y3) through

Awareness (Y2) with a path coefficient of

0.059 and a p-value 0.038

3) Trust of ETLE (X2) has an indirect

significant effect on Awareness (Y2)

through Compliance (Y1) with a path

coefficient of 0.114 and a p-value 0.040

4) Trust of ETLE (X2) has an indirect

significant effect on Habit (Y3) through

Compliance (Y1) with a path coefficient of

0.094 and p-value 0.006

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5) Trust of ETLE (X2) has an indirect

significant effect on Habit (Y3) through

Awareness (Y2) with a path coefficient of

0.090 and p-value 0.035

6) Compliance (Y1) has an indirect significant

effect on Habit (Y3) through Awareness

(Y2) with a path coefficient of 0.103 and p-

value 0.036

5 Discussion

5.1 The Effect of Utility of ETLE on

Compliance

The hypothesis result shows that Utility of ETLE

gives a positive direct significant effect on

Compliance. This can be seen from the path

coefficient of 0.235 with p-value <0.001. This

positive relationship indicates that the better the

ETLE Utility that is implemented in Jakarta, the

better community compliance (having higher

compliance) in traffic. So that Hypothesis 1 is

accepted.

The results of this study are in line with several

previous studies, namely Verma et al. (2011) and

Barker et al. (2008). Verma et al. (2011) in his

research discusses traffic law enforcement in India,

particularly related to the traffic law enforcement

system. In the study of Verma et al. (2011) discuss

driver behavior and licensing procedures as an

effective preventive measure and road safety.

Verma explained that driving education and

licensing in driving will support road safety. Thus

the results of this study develop the concept of the

research results of Verma et al. (2011), previously

researched on objects related to traffic law

enforcement, and traffic compliance. Barker et al.

(2008) in his research discusses the interaction of

the police with civil society in Korea. In the study of

Barker et al. (2008) explored the effect of police

officer communication accommodation and reported

trust in police about attitudes about police

compliance. Barker explained that the perception of

police communication accommodation will support

the public to comply with police requests. Thus, the

results of this study develop the concept of the

research results of Barker et al. (2008), previously

studied on objects related to communication

accommodation, in this study provides a perspective

related to the utility of ETLE its effect on

community compliance in traffic.

5.2 The Effect of Utility of ETLE on

Awareness

The hypothesis result shows that Utility of ETLE

gives a positive direct significant effect on

Awareness. This can be seen from the path

coefficient of 0.118 with p-value 0.045. This

positive relationship indicates that the better the

Utility of ETLE will give the better community

Awareness (having higher awareness) in traffic. So

that Hypothesis 2 is accepted.

The results of this study are in line with several

previous studies, namely Bates et al. (2016),

Goodwin and Foss (2004) and Razip et al. (2014).

Research Bates et al. (2016) and Goodwin and Foss

(2004) discuss the violations detected by the system

while driving. Research by Goodwin and Foss

(2004) shows the large role of parents in giving

consent to driving. And the large percentage of

teenagers who commit violations. The results of this

study provide a new perspective on the concept of

research by Bates et al. (2016), Goodwin and Foss

(2004) regarding Utility ETLE which has an effect

on driving awareness. Razip et al. (2014) in his

research explored the design and use of mobile

visual analytics tools for public safety data that

equip law enforcement agencies with effective

situation awareness and risk assessment tools. In

line with this research, namely exploring the ETLE

system in enforcing public awareness in driving.

Where, ETLE Utility is a system that provides a set

of interactive tools for users that allows them to

analyze and detect various types of driving

violations. This research has similarities with the

research concept of Razip et al. (2014), previously

investigated on objects related to system design to

enforce laws that will affect public awareness

5.3 The Effect of Utility of ETLE on Habit

The hypothesis result shows that Utility of ETLE

gives a positive direct significant effect on Habit.

This can be seen from the path coefficient of 0.059

with p-value 0.038. This positive relationship

indicates that the better the Utility of ETLE will

give the better community Habit in traffic. So that

Hypothesis 3 is accepted.

The results of this study are in line with

previous research conducted by Dewanto [19]

discussing applying information technology in

realizing an orderly traffic community (a case study

on electronic traffic law enforcement programs

conducted by traffic directorate of Jakarta

metropolitan police region in 2019-2020).

Dewanto's research [19] shows the use of

information technology in assisting the police task

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and reducing the number of traffic violations that

occur in the jurisdiction of the Polda Metro Jaya by

using ETLE. The results of this study reveal that the

ETLE system has facilitated the work of traffic

officers in enforcing traffic regulations..

5.4 The Effect of Trust of ETLE on

Compliance

The hypothesis result shows that Trust of ETLE

gives a positive direct significant effect on

Compliance. This can be seen from the path

coefficient of 0.552 with p-value<0.001. This

positive relationship indicates that the better the

Trust of ETLE that owned by Jakarta community,

will give the better community Habit in traffic. So

that Hypothesis 4 is accepted.

This means that Trust ETLE has a significant

effect on Compliance. The research developed

Shalhoub's [20] research which aims to address the

problem. Lack of trust in online is one of the main

reasons for the relatively low adoption of electronic

commerce, especially in developing and developing

countries such as the Gulf Cooperation Council

(GCC). In addition, this study is in line with the

research of Oliva and Compton [21] which aims to

collect narrative data from police officers about the

social environment of law enforcement rooms and

classroom experiences that are valued by law

enforcement officers. This study develops Weiss

and Freels [22] with the results of the study not

providing clear evidence that providing more traffic

law enforcement will reduce crime. For now, the

relationship between aggressive policing and crime

remains uncertain. Retting, et al. [23] conducted a

study that resulted in a large and very significant

reduction in red light violations within one year

following the implementation of the red light

camera enforcement program at Fairfax. Most

Fairfax residents know about cameras, and the rate

of violations on camera and non-camera sites

decreased by about 40 percent one year after law

enforcement began.

5.5 The Effect of Trust of ETLE on

Awareness

The results of hypothesis testing indicate that Trust

of ETLE has a positive and significant effect on

Awareness. This can be seen from the path

coefficient of 0.557 with a p-value of <0.001. This

positive relationship indicates that the better the

Trust of ETLE owned by the people of Jakarta, the

better public awareness (having higher awareness)

in traffic. Trust of ETLE mediated by Compliance

has a significant effect on Awareness. This means

that Compliance mediates the effect of Trust of

ETLE on Awareness. The higher the Trust of ETLE

followed by an increase in Compliance, the higher

the Awareness will be. So that Hypothesis 5 is

accepted.

This research is in line with Grindle's Theory

which suggests that the success of public policy

implementation is influenced by the content

variable, and the implementation environment

variable or contacts. One of the variables in

Grindle's theory (1990) suggests that one of the

scopes of the content variable is the type of benefit

received by the target. In this study, the target is the

people of Jakarta who can obey in driving because

of the trust factor in an ELTE system that is

enforced.

5.6 The Effect of Trust of ETLE on Habit

The hypothesis result shows that Trust of ETLE

gives a positive direct significant effect on Habit.

This can be seen from the path coefficient of 0.277

with p-value 0.000. This positive relationship

indicates that the better the Trust of ETLE will give

the better community Habit in traffic. So that

Hypothesis 6 is accepted.

The results of this study are in line with

previous research conducted by Oktaviana [24]

discussing the effect of the intensity of watching

ETLE news on traffic law awareness behavior in

Central Jakarta City. Oktaviana's research [24]

shows that news programs broadcast by television

media provide positive things regarding the news of

the expansion of the ETLE camera to the public.

The results of this study reveal that the sheer

volume of news regarding the expansion of ETLE

cameras around the city of Central Jakarta can affect

public habits.

5.7 The Effect of Compliance on Awareness

Hypothesis 4, which tests between Compliance

(Personal tendency to be honest (Y1.1), Personal

tendency to feel always being watched (Y1.2), and

Personal tendency not to cheat (Y1.3)) to Awareness

(Awareness that orderly traffic is a form of

participation in supporting state development

(Y2.1), Awareness that disorderly traffic is very

detrimental (Y2.2), and Awareness that traffic order

is established by law and can be enforced (Y2.3)),

has a coefficient value in group 1 of 0.191 with a p-

value of 0.006 and group 2 of 0.275 with a p-value

of 0.000. So that hypothesis 7 is accepted.

This means that the higher the compliance, the

higher the awareness of the drivers. The results of

this study are in line with Arora's [25] research,

which showed that most drivers follow driving

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traffic rules and signs. A minority of drivers do not

believe that following traffic rules can lead to

accidents and other traffic problems. In addition,

research Zhao, et al. [26] conducted a study aimed

to investigate the correlation between driver safety

awareness and several indexes and proposed an

objective evaluation criterion, which could include

multiple safety awareness for a measurable

objective index. This study supports the research

conducted by Anam, et al. [27], which generates

awareness of taxpayers, and taxpayers who have a

significant influence on tax payment compliance in

Salatiga.

5.8 The Effect of Compliance on Habit

Hypothesis 5, which tests between Compliance

(Personal tendency to be honest (Y1.1), Personal

tendency to feel always being watched (Y1.2), and

Personal tendency not to cheat (Y1.3)) to Habit

(Repetition (Y4.1), Human Nature (Y4.2), Response

(Y4.3), and Behavior (Y4.4)) has a coefficient value

in group 1 of 0.173 with a p-value of 0.013 and

group 2 of 0.246 with a p-value of 0.000. So that

Hypothesis 5 is accepted. In addition, Y1 also has a

significant indirect effect on Y4 through Y2 with a

path coefficient of 0.087 and a p-value of 0.040. So

that Hypothesis 8 is accepted.

This means that compliance has a significant

direct or indirect effect on habits. The higher the

compliance, the better the habit will be. This study

is in line with the research of Pahnila, et al. [28],

which showed that the quality of information has a

significant effect on actual IS security policy

compliance. Attitudes, beliefs, and normative habits

of employees have a significant effect on the

intention to comply with the IS security policy.

Threat assessment and facilitation conditions have a

significant impact on attitudes towards compliance

while coping assessments do not have a significant

effect on employee attitudes towards compliance.

Sanctions have no significant effect on the intention

to comply with IS security policies and rewards

have no significant effect on actual compliance with

IS security policies. In addition, this study is also in

line with the research of Bowes, et al. [29], which

aimed to apply the Theory of Planned Behavior

(TPB) to explore the factors that influence non-

compliance with off-leash dog regulations on

visitors of the Canadian Pacific Rim National Park

Reserve. Haj Taieb [30] conducted a study using

system dynamics to identify the factors that

influence driver compliance with the law and how

these factors can be affected to increase compliance,

and thus safety. Dan Vance, et al. (2012) conducted

a study to integrate habits (routine forms of past

behavior) with Protection Motivation Theory

(PMT), to explain compliance.

5.9 The Effect of Awareness on Habit

Hypothesis 7, which tests between Awareness

(Awareness that orderly traffic is a form of

participation in supporting state development

(Y2.1), Awareness that disorderly traffic is very

detrimental (Y2.2), and Awareness that traffic order

is established by law and can be enforced (Y2.3)) to

Habit (Repetition (Y4.1), Human Nature (Y4.2),

Response (Y4.3), and Behavior (Y4.4)), has a

coefficient value in group 1 of 0.254 with a p-value

of 0.000 and group 2 of 0.330 with a p-value of

0.000. So that hypothesis 7 is accepted. In addition,

Y2 has an indirect significant effect with Y4

through Y3 with a path coefficient of 0.065 and a p-

value of 0.065. So that Hypothesis 9 is accepted.

Awareness has a significant direct effect but

does not have a significant indirect effect on habits.

The direction of the influence of awareness on

habits is positive. So, the higher the driver's

awareness of driving, the higher the habits he will

have. The results of this study, which indicate a

positive and significant effect, are supported by

research by Kremers, et al. [31], Bayer, et al. [32],

and Lally, et al. [33]. In detail, the research results

of Kremers, et al. [31] showed that children with

high awareness of personal behavior and high

habitual strength reported being more physically

active. In addition, psychosocial factors are less

associated with physical activity in children with

low awareness of their personal physical activity

levels. Furthermore, research by Bayer, et al. [32]

presented a model of how unconscious "trigger" to

check mobile devices, or connection cues, affect

communication flow. Research Lally, et al. [33]

aimed to investigate the process of forming habits in

everyday life.

5.10 The Indirect Effect

The results of the hypothesis test of the indirect

effect show that there is a positive and significant

influence between the variable relationships. This

indicates that the mediating variables, namely

Compliance and Awareness, have a role to

strengthen the influence of the Utility of ETLE and

Trust of ETLE on Habit. The originality of this

research is seen in the indirect effect where there is

still no research with such a direction of relationship

and variables.

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6 Research Limitations

There are two research limitations in this study,

namely:

1. This research on the implementation of policies

regarding the application of ETLE (Electronic

Traffic Law Enforcement) uses a quantitative

approach. Research variables were measured

quantitatively using a research instrument in

the form of a questionnaire. On the other hand,

the research method used is to take samples

from the population. The survey was conducted

by giving questionnaires to respondents.

2. This research is also confirmatory research,

namely through empirical hypothesis

testing. The integration of all hypotheses

into a research model, namely a model of

obedient traffic habits.

3. This research was conducted at the

intersection of Merdeka Selatan street,

Gambir, Central Jakarta. The location was

chosen as the research setting considering

that the location has implemented the

ETLE system.

4. This study only used Utility of ETLE (X1) and

Trust of ETLE (X2) as a predictor variables

and Compliance (Y1), Awareness (Y2) and

Habit (Y3) as the response variable.

7 Conclusion and Implication

Based on the results of the analysis, it can be

concluded that the nine hypotheses have a

significant influence. Which means that each

variable has a direct effect on each other, namely:

Utility of ETLE has a direct and significant effect

on Compliance, Awareness and Habits; Trust of

ETLE has a direct and significant effect on

Compliance, Awareness and Habits; Compliance

has a direct and significant effect on Awareness and

Habits; Awareness has a direct and significant effect

on Habits. Utility of ETLE has an indirect and

significant effect on Compliance, Awareness, and

Habits. Trust of ETLE has an indirect and

significant effect on Compliance, Awareness, and

Habits. Compliance has an indirect and significant

effect on Awareness and Habits. The implications of

the results of this study are as a perspective to obtain

information that Utility of ETLE and Trust of ETLE

have an effect on increasing traffic awareness. Thus,

it is necessary to increase the use of ETLE

(Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement) to increase

awareness of morning traffic for motorized vehicle

drivers. With increased compliance and awareness

of traffic, traffic violations and the number of traffic

accidents can be reduced or decreased as well as

more orderly and orderly motorized vehicle drivers.

Moreover, If you want to create a habit for orderly

traffic, the police need to socialize with the public

about the advantages of ETLE and make people

believe that driving will always be supervised by

ETLE. These two things can create an orderly habit

of driving if it is supported by an obedient attitude

and awareness of orderly traffic by the community.

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Solimun develop design and control methodologies

for research activities.

Sources of Funding for Research Presented

in a Scientific Article or Scientific Article

Itself

No funding in this research

Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

(Attribution 4.0 International, CC BY 4.0)

This article is published under the terms of the

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Contribution of Individual Authors to the

Creation of a Scientific Article (Ghostwriting

Policy)

M. Fahri Anggia providing ideas for writing,

Carrying out research and investigation processes,

and preparation for publication.

Abdul Hakim Application of statistical and

Management and coordination responsibility for the

research activity.

Mardiyono Preparation of publication and

conducting a research investigation

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