Abstract: - The availability of local feed resources in various regions in Indonesia is quite abundant in quantity

and availability, but their utilization is not optimal. This study specifically analyzes the In Vitro Digestibility of

Dioscorea hispida Dennst Using Albizia Saponaria Lour (Langir) Extract as local feed, which was carried out

at two locations, namely Tinanggea District, Konawe Selatan Regency, and the animal feed laboratory, Faculty

of Animal Science, Halu Oleo University with a research duration of 6 months, namely January-July 2023 The

study used a completely randomized design (CRD) unidirectional pattern with 4 treatments and 4 replications

so that a total of 16 experimental plots. The experimental procedure begins with preparing Dioscorea hispida

Dennst, the preparation of langir bark extract, the Soaking of the Trial Samples, and the Collection and

Sampling. The findings showed that using langir bark extract up to 15% reduced cyanide acid (HCN) levels to

10,07 ppm or 49,06% compared to HCN levels in the study controls. Langir bark extract up to 15% usage level

Key-Words: - In Vitro, Dioscorea hispida Dennst, Cyanide Content, Albizia Saponaria Lour, Local Feed

Received: July 18, 2022. Revised: September 29, 2023. Accepted: October 9, 2023. Published: October 16, 2023.

1 Introduction

The availability of local feed resources in various

regions in Indonesia has sufficient quantity and

availability, and their utilization is not optimal due

to limited capital and lack of human resources in

applying technology for processing quality feed

ingredients, [1], [2], [3]. Local feed resources can be

feed ingredients are the nutritional content of the

feed (energy, protein, minerals, and vitamins),

has good nutrient content, especially carbohydrate

ingredient less desirable because it requires proper

processing techniques so livestock can consume it.

Anti-nutritional substances as a limiting factor for

Dioscorea hispida Dennst are saponin glucosides,

including tropane alkaloids called dioscorin and

cyanogenic glucoside compounds and when

decomposed produce HCN compounds (cyanide

acid), [8], [9]. These compounds have high toxicity

that can interfere with the nervous system of those

who consume them, [10], [11]. However, the

animal feed consumption.

Dennst can be removed by physical, chemical, and

biological methods, [13]. Several regions in

Indonesia have long implemented methods of

removing cyanide in Dioscorea hispida Dennst,

such as immersion in table salt solution, immersion

in running water, application of ashes pressing, or

heat treatment by drying and boiling, [14]. The

immersion method, with running water and non-

practiced by the local community of the Moronene

tribe in Southeast Sulawesi Province in eliminating

HCN levels in Dioscorea hispida Dennst is by

immersing Dioscorea hispida Dennst in a mixture

of langir bark extract (Albizia saponaria Lour),

which is done for 3 nights, [17]. This method is

almost the same as the method used by the Tolaki

tribe, who treats Dioscorea hispida Dennst with a

mixture of Langir peel (Albizia saponaria Lour) for

4-5 nights, [18]. Phytochemical tests on the Langir

2.3.1 Setup Dioscorea hispida Dennst

meat to reduce HCN levels of Dioscorea hispida

Dennst. After stripping, wash to remove dirt

attached to the tubers and slice 0.5 cm thick.

2.3.2 Manufacture of Langir Bark Extract

The langir bark extract is made by peeling the

Langir bark from the stem, dredging the outer skin

and cutting it along ± 10 cm, weighing it as needed,

and then putting it in a basin to mix with water

while rubbing it for ± 5 minutes to produce a lot of

extract.

2.3.3 Immersion of Trial Samples

Langir bark extract solution was made from sliced

Dioscorea hispida Dennst. The next activity was to

soak Dioscorea hispida Dennst. Soaking is carried

out for 48 hours in a basin container, and after that,

it is removed and drained for 24 hours, soaked in

running water for 48 hours, drained for 24 hours,

and dried or dried for 3 days in normal weather.

2.3.4 Collection and Sampling

packaged in plastic clips and labeled for analysis to

measure research parameters.

The research variable is:

1. Analysis of Cyanide Acid (HCN) Content of

2. In vitro digestibility of Dioscorea hispida

before Dioscorea hispida Dennst is used as a feed

and immersing it in running water. The soaking

process allows the cyanide acid to dissolve into the

water, ultimately reducing the HCN levels of

Dioscorea hispida Dennst. Dioscorea hispida

Dennst experiences tissue damage due to the

process of slicing or crushing, so there will be

contact between the substrate and endogenous

enzymes, causing the substrate to undergo an

overhaul into free cyanide compounds which are

volatile and soluble in water, [24].

levels (P1) and 23,48% compared to P2 (5% LBE).

Studies on HCN levels of Dioscorea hispida Dennst

flour, which have been treated in several studies,

show that the HCN levels of Dioscorea hispida

Dennst flour due to the combined treatment of

soaking husk ash and boiling were 41,58–2,70 ppm,

[25]. HCN levels of Dioscorea hispida Dennst flour

modified from fermentation by grating and cutting

treatment were 11,9 ppm and 10,63 ppm,

respectively, [26]. Meanwhile, HCN levels in the

Dioscorea hispida Dennst in langir bark extract

significantly affected HCN levels of Dioscorea

hispida Dennst flour (P<0.05). Based on the

difference test between treatments using Duncan,

the P1 treatment (0% LBE) showed a significant

difference to both the P2 treatment (5% LBE), P3

(10% LBE), and the P4 treatment (15% LBE).

Furthermore, further test results for the HCN

content of Dioscorea hispida Dennst flour treatment

that soaking Dioscorea hispida Dennst in langir bark

extract did not significantly affect the digestibility

of the dry matter of Dioscorea hispida Dennst flour

in vitro (P>0.05). This fact means that the langir

bark extract treatment used in this study did not

respond to the digestibility of the dry matter of

Dioscorea hispida Dennst flour.

digestibility of nutrients in the rumen. The higher

the crude fiber of the feed, the lower the digestibility

form of food substances will produce metabolite

the concentration of NH3 and VFA as a result of

protein and carbohydrate fermentation.

total VFA of Dioscorea hispida Dennst flour in

langir bark extract (Albizia saponaria Lour) in vitro

can be presented in Table 3.

with 0% Langir extract; P2 = Dioscorea hispida Dennst

soaking with 5% Langir extract; P3 = Dioscorea hispida

Dennst soaking with 10% langir bark extract; P4 =

Dioscorea hispida Dennst soaking with 15% Langir

extract. 2. a,b,c = different superscripts in the same

column showed significant differences between

treatments (P<0.05).

cost by obtaining the value of the benefits of a feed

ingredient by determining its fermentability in the

rumen based on indicators of the value of NH3 and

VFA production.

test of Dioscorea hispida Dennst flour in the in vitro

extract of Albizia saponaria Lour obtained in this

study was in the range of 4,54–7,01 mM, with the

highest concentration in treatment P4 (15% LBE)

and lowest in treatment (P3 10% LBE) (Table 3).

immersion of Dioscorea hispida Dennst in langir

availability in Dioscorea hispida Dennst is

will use to form microbial proteins, [37]. The amino

acid L-phenylalanine is one of the precursors in the

formation of alkaloids, [38].

acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate. VFA acts

as a carbon framework for the formation of

microbial proteins. A high VFA concentration

indicates a high content of carbohydrates fermented

by rumen microbes. The VFA concentration of

Dioscorea hispida Dennst flour treated with langir

immersion of Dioscorea hispida Dennst in langir

bark extract (LBE) had a significant effect on the

VFA concentration of Dioscorea hispida Dennst

flour (P<0.05). A follow-up test to determine the

differences between treatments using Duncan

showed that treatment P1 (0% LBE) showed no

significant difference from treatment P2 (5% LBE).

However, P1 was significantly different from

treatment P3 (10% LBE), and even when LBE was

increased to 15% (P4) still showed a significant

Dennst flour with langir bark extract treatment

(Table 3) appeared to be the highest and

significantly different (P<0.05) was found in P4

(15% LBE) compared to the control treatment (P1

0% LBE) and P2 (5% LBE). The high concentration

of VFA obtained, along with the increase in LBE in

this study, was probably due to the better nutrient

content of Dioscorea hispida Dennst, both protein

and carbohydrates, compared to other treatments.

[1] D. Zulkarnain, Z. Zuprizal, W. Wihandoyo,

[2] L. O. M. Munadi, M. A. Pagala, L. O. Nafiu,

[4] F. Astuty Auza, S. Purwanti, J. A. Syamsu, A.

[6] N. A. N. Md Nasir, S. A. Kamaruddin, I. A.

[7] S. Zira, E. Röös, L. Rydhmer, and R.

[18] S. Sarno, A. M. Tasse, and A. Bain, Nutrient

[20] E. Wina, The Role of Saponin as Feed

[21] R. G. D. Steel and J. H. Torrie, Principles and

[24] I. Syafi’i, H. Harijono, and E. Martati,

[25] A. R. Pramitha and S. N. Wulan, Cyanide