Smart alarming system using embedded controller, ZigBee

communication and Global System of Mobile (GSM)

P.O.Box (313), Zarqa

Abstract: - This paper presents a smart alarming system applying embedded controllers, ZigBee

communication, and GSM knowledge. The method allows users to wirelessly monitor their properties, such as

unit. The user receives an SMS alert with the room's address as soon as the main unit, which is connected to

GSM, goes off Additionally, one of the sub-units can be linked to a laptop within the same building, facilitating

comprehensive room monitoring. This system offers users a flexible and efficient solution for remote premises

monitoring.

Key-Words: -: Smart Alarming; Embedded Controller; ZigBee communication; Mobile

Received: December 8, 2023. Revised: July 11, 2024. Accepted: August 12, 2024. Published: September 5, 2024.

1 Introduction

The field of alarms and sensors is very developed

understand that all alarm systems have a very

similar basic structure and work in accordance to the

same principals. An alarm system consists of a main

control box to which various sensors are connected.

When the sensors identify a break-in, they send out

a signal to the control box, which, in turn, sounds

market today offers a wide range of products; from

DIY alarm systems for only a few tens of dollars, to

encompassing and advanced systems costing several

thousands of dollars for it to be installed by

professionals. If anyone decides to install an alarm

system, the key to choosing a system is to

understand the security needs of his home, and

taking into account his home's unique structure.

Different sensors are suited to different areas; there

are door sensors, window sensors, hallway sensors,

Alarms have existed since the first automatic control

systems were implemented. Initially, alarms were

hard-wired to some form of enunciator, and because

of the considerable work involved in implementing

any one alarm, there generally were only a few

alarms on one piece of equipment, and at most one

or two hundred alarms in any control house [1-4].

And the ones that were implemented were likely

thought out fairly well, both in determining what

significant capital expenditure and time

commitment. In contrast, adding an alarm on a

computerized control system is as simple as flipping

a bit, and a modern distributed control system

(DCS) has an almost infinite capacity for alarms,

and for displaying these alarms in one format or

another. And, as could be expected, when

something is cheap it results in a host of other

problems that were unanticipated by the designer

(such as greenhouse gases or insufficient exercise

alarms, even when the process is in relatively stable

condition. In our system we used a wireless

alarming network, you can avoid the complicated

drilling, hammering and installation process often

associated with hardwired systems. You have to put

a distribution to the units in the building. And these

entire units are connected according to the Point-to

multipoint system. Figure 1 illustrates how our

system works.

Creating wireless networks can be done using a

of the frequencies used, the bandwidth it occupies,

and networking features unique to this protocol.

The Protocol 802.15.4 is a standard for wireless

communication put out by the IEEE (Institute for

Electrical and Electronics Engineers) [10]. The

IEEE is a technical professional association that

bands (such as 868 MHz in Europe or 915

MHz in the United States).

2. MAC Layer (Media Access Control):

3. Network Topologies:

communicate directly with each other

without a central coordinator.

with each other via intermediate nodes,

forming a mesh network.

4. Energy Efficiency:

reliable communication among devices in wireless

microcontroller emphasizing self-sufficiency and

cost-effectiveness, in contrast to a general-purpose

microprocessor, the kind used in PCs. A typical

microcontroller contains all the memory and I/O

interfaces needed, whereas a general purpose

microprocessor requires an additional chip to

serves as the main CPU, while the PIC shares a role

equivalent to the autonomic nervous system.

PIC16F877A is one of the most commonly used

Microcontrollers, especially in automotive,

industrial, mobile, and consumer applications.

PIC16F877A can be used to convert an analog input

signal to a digital number represented in 10 bits,

features 256 bytes of EEPROM data memory, 5

channels of 10-bit analog-to-digital (A/D) converter,

2 additional timers, and 2 capture/compare/PWM

functions, which are used to control the velocity of

motion

4.3 The PIC Microcontroller

The Microcontroller in our project is connected with

a motion sensor to read any motion that is detected

by the sensor. MCU connected with the ZigBee

Module via serial port for transmitting the data

wirelessly to the main unit. In the main unit we used

two Microcontrollers, because we needed two serial

ports. One is connected with the ZigBee module and

the other is connected with GSM modem as shown

to users for alarming when one of the motion

sensors detects any motion. The GSM is connected

to the Microcontroller via serial port as shown in

Figure 4 below. We used the AT command to

program it through the Microcontroller. The SMS

which will be sent to the user contains the address of

the room which has strange motion.

Figure 4 GSM TC35 is connected with

Microcontroller and a PIR Motion sensor. The

second is called the main unit which consists of the

ZigBee module, GSM and Microcontroller. One of

the subunits is connected with a laptop or PC for

monitoring. Figure 5 below, is a simplified block

diagram of the system, showing the basic sub blocks

components.

Figure 5 Block Diagram of the system

via ZigBee Module to the main unit. Figure 6 shows

the schematic circuit of the sub-unit. Users can use a

lot of sub-unit (up to 65000 nodes) and place them

in the rooms which need to be monitored.

Figure 6 The schematic circuit of sub-unit

5.2 The Monitoring Unit

For online monitoring, we connected one of the

subunits with a PC or Laptop for monitoring. We

5.3 The Main Unit

In the main unit we used two Microcontrollers; the

first is connected with the ZigBee module that will

receive data from all sub-units. The second is

connected with a GSM module that will send SMS

to the user to alert him about the motion in the

room. The Figure 8 below shows the schematic

circuit of the main unit.

evaluating the performance of a smart alarming

system using embedded controller, ZigBee

communication, and GSM:

smart alarming system's functionality,

dependability, and user satisfaction, which can be

used to pinpoint areas in need of enhancement and

optimization.

system utilizing embedded controllers, ZigBee

communication, and GSM technology presents a

significant advancement in remote premises

monitoring. This system provides users with the

capability to wirelessly monitor their premises, such

as homes and businesses, through SMS alerts

triggered by motion detection. By employing a main

unit and sub-units interconnected via ZigBee

communication, the system ensures comprehensive

coverage and efficient data transmission. The

capabilities, there are several avenues for future

research to further enhance its functionality and

applicability:

the incorporation of advanced sensors

beyond motion detection, such as

temperature, humidity, and gas sensors, to

enable broader environmental monitoring

capabilities. This expansion would provide

users with comprehensive insights into their

wireless communication modules.

Implementing energy-efficient protocols

and algorithms can prolong the system's

operational lifespan and reduce maintenance

requirements.

security measures implemented within the

system to safeguard sensitive information

transmitted via ZigBee and GSM networks.

Research encryption techniques and

integration opportunities with larger Internet

of Things (IoT) ecosystems. Through this

link, customers will be able to develop

automation routines that are specifically

more reliable and adaptable remote premises

monitoring solution by pursuing these research

avenues, meeting the changing demands of both

residential and commercial customers.

Acknowledgement:

I am grateful to all of those with whom I have had

the pleasure to work during this and other related

research. Each of the members of paper Committee

Declaration of Generative AI and AI-assisted

Technologies in the Writing Process

During the preparation of this work the authors used

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publication.

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