NONE 20260716062212963 wseas/wseas content-registration-form@crossref.org content-registration-form International Journal on Applied Physics and Engineering 2945-0489 Abidemi A. Aderibigbe Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, NIGERIA Akinola D. Ogunsola Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, NIGERIA Michael O. Adetunji Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, NIGERIA Emmanuel O. Sangotayo Department of Biomedical Engineering, Achievers University, Owo, NIGERIA Vapor Compression Refrigeration (VCR) systems are commonly used for Air Conditioning (AC) purposes in residential, commercial, and industrial applications in both dry and wet climatic conditions. Most of these applications are achieved with the conventional single-stage Vapor Compression Refrigeration systems; however, the systems possess lower cooling capacity and coefficient of performance at low evaporator temperatures and higher-pressure ratios, and this situation worsens in the tropics. This study compares the performances of single and two-stage Vapor Compression Refrigeration systems using sustainable refrigerants in a climate region. Performance of single-stage and two-stage Vapor Compression Refrigeration (VCR) systems containing the new generation refrigerants of R-600a (isobutane), R-600 (n-butane), R-717 (ammonia), and R-290 (propane) was studied theoretically via performance simulation. Results were discussed, changing evaporator temperature, condenser temperature, degree of superheat, subcooling, and mass flow rate of refrigerant. Thermodynamic analysis of VCR systems, including all refrigerants, was conducted using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. A comparative performance study was conducted between a two-stage vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) system and a corresponding single-stage vapor compression refrigeration system. The performance of the two-stage V.C.R. system is higher than that of the single-stage system and maximum at low evaporating temperature. Maximum COP of 7.636 was obtained with R-717 in a two-stage VCR system at evaporating temperature of 0 °C. Minimum COP of 0.948 was obtained with R-290 in a single-stage VCR system at a condensing temperature of 80 °C. The performance of the two-stage system is better, and R-717 is found to be the best refrigerant among the refrigerants studied in this research. The findings of this study will provide an experimental basis for future investigations of new systems and designs. This would enable design engineers to assess and determine improvements to air conditioning and refrigeration systems, and refrigerants appear to be economically worthwhile. 07 16 2026 07 16 2026 1 1 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en_US 10.37394/232030.2026.5.1 https://wseas.com/journals/ape/2026/a02ape-001(2026).pdf Agarwal, S, A Arora, and B B Arora. 2019. “Thermodynamic Performance Analysis of Dedicated Mechanically Subcooled Vapour Compression Refrigeration System.” 5(4): 222–36. Ali, Omar M. 2020. “Mechanical Vapour Compression Refrigeration System : Review Part 1 : Environment Challenge Mechanical Vapour Compression Refrigeration System : Review Part 1 : Environment Challenge.” (December). Baakeem, Saleh S, Jamel Orfi, and Abdullah Alabdulkarem. 2018. “Optimization of a Multistage Vapor-Compression Refrigeration System for Various Refrigerants.” Applied Thermal Engineering. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2 018.02.071. Babaei, S Mostafa, Amir Reza, M Soltani, and Jatin Nathwani. 2020. “Quantifying the Effect of Nanoparticle Addition to a Hybrid Absorption / Recompression Refrigeration Cycle.” Journal of Cleaner Production 260: 121084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.12108 4. Bhattad, Atul, Jahar Sarkar, and Pradyumna Ghosh. 2017. “Improving the Performance of Refrigeration Systems by Using Nano-Fluids : A Comprehensive Review.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (July): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.097. Ghorbani, Bahram, Mehdi Mehrpooya, Reza Shirmohammadi, and Mohammad-hossein Hamedi. 2018. “A Comprehensive Approach toward Utilizing Mixed Refrigerant and Absorption Refrigeration Systems in an Integrated Cryogenic Refrigeration Process.” Journal of Cleaner Production. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.109 Librado, Guillermo Domínguez, Luis Alvaro, Montoya Santiyanes, and C Alexander Nuñez Martín. 2018. “Transient Analysis of a Single-Stage Vapor Compression Refrigeration System Using Lumped Parameter Approaches, Analysis and Simulation Validation Based on a Reduced Order Differential Equation with Few Degrees of Freedom.” 11(3): 352–62. Liu, Xiangyang, Zheng Ye, Lihang Bai, and Maogang He. 2019. “Performance Comparison of Two AbsorptionCompression Hybrid Refrigeration Systems Using R1234yf / Ionic Liquid as Working Pair.” Energy Conversion and Management 181(December 2018): 319–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.12. 030. Mehrpooya, Mehdi, Bahram Ghorbani, Seyed Ali, and Andrew Zaitsev. 2020. “Proposal and Assessment of a New Integrated Liquefied Natural Gas Generation Process with Auto– Cascade Refrigeration ( Exergy and Economic Analyses ).” Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 40(April): 100728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2020.100728. Okorowo, A C, B N Anosike, and M N Azubuike. 2019. “International Digital Organization for Scientific Research Analysis of Compressor Work and Cooling Effect of Refrigerants.” (January 2018). Salilih, Elias M, and Yilma T Birhane. 2019. “Modelling and Performance Analysis of Directly Coupled Vapor Compression Solar Refrigeration System.” Solar Energy 190(May): 228–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.08.017 Sangotayo E. O., Waheed M. A., Alagbe S. O., and Itabiyi O. E. (2021). Effect of Climatic Governing Parameters on the Performance of Solar Adsorption Refrigeration System, Mathematical Theory and Modeling, 11(5), pp 1 – 13, Selvnes, Håkon, Yosr Allouche, Raluca Iolanda Manescu, and Armin Hafner. 2021. “Review on Cold Thermal Energy Storage Applied to Refrigeration Systems Using Phase Change Materials.” Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 22(December 2020): 100807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2020.100807. Sun, Jian, Wenhua Li, and Borui Cui. 2019. “Energy and Exergy Analyses of R513a as a R134a Drop-in Replacement in a Vapor Compression Refrigeration System.” International Journal of Refrigeration. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2019.12.014 Sundararaj, S, M Sathish Kumar, P R Sivaraman, and John George. 2021. “Thermodynamic Analysis on Cascade Vapour Compression Refrigeration System with Au-CNT, Ag-CNT and HAuCl 4 -CNT Composite Nanoparticles Thermodynamic Analysis on Cascade Vapour Compression Refrigeration System with Au-CNT, Ag-CNT and HAuCl 4 -.” 020037.